Safavid Shirvan

The Shirvan province (Persian: ولایت شیروان, romanized: Velāyat-e Shirvān) was a province founded by the Safavid Empire on the territory of modern Azerbaijan and Russia (Dagestan) between 1501 and 1736 with its capital in the town of Shamakhi.[2]

Shirvan
Velāyat-e Shirvān
ولایت شیروان
1501–1736
StatusProvince of the Safavid Empire
Under Ottoman occupation (1583–1607)
CapitalShamakhi
Common languagesAzerbaijani, Persian, Armenian[1]
GovernmentProvince
Beglarbeg 
History 
• Establishment
1501
• Disestablished
1736
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Shirvanshah
Afsharid Iran
Today part ofAzerbaijan
Russia

The province had six administrative jurisdictions; Alpa'ur, Arash—Shaki, Baku, Chemeshgazak—Agdash, Derbent (Darband), Quba—Qolhan, and Saliyan.[3] The capital of Shamakhi had a separate governor, but is not mentioned by the then contemporary historians and geographers to have formed a separate administrative jurisdiction.[3]

Control over Shirvan was firmly held by the Safavids from the time of the subjugation of Shirvan (except for several brief Ottoman intermissions) when eventually the Afsharid ruler of Iran, Nader Shah established firm rule over the area until the area. After his death, the area was divided into various subordinate various khanates, before they were conquered by the Russian Empire from Qajar Iran in the course of the 19th century.[4]

History

Having ended the rule of the Shirvanshahs in 1538, Tahmasp I established Shirvan as an administrative unit of the empire. At the end of the 16th century, the Ottoman General Lala Kara Mustafa Pasha briefly captured Shirvan during the Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590) and appointed Özdemiroğlu Osman Pasha as its governor. In 1607, Shah Abbas I invaded Shirvan again and instituted Qizilbash rule over the province. After several interstate wars, Shirvan was eventually captured by Nader Shah in 1734 to establish Safavid rule over the province again.[2][5]

List of governors
Persian princes Alqas Mirza and Ismail Mirza
Date Governor
1501Bahram Beg*
1501-1502Gazi Beg*
1502Sultan Mahmud*
1502-1509Ibrahim II Shaykhshah*
1509-1519Hossein Beg Laleh
1519-1524Ibrahim II Shaykhshah*
1523-1535Khalilullah II*
1535-1538Shahrukh*
1538-1547Alqas Mirza
1538-1541Badr Khan Ustajlu
1538-1543Ghazi Khan Tekkelu
1543-1547Badr Khan Ustajlu
1547-?Ismail Mirza
1547-1549Shahverdi Sultan
1548-1550Burhan Ali*§
1549Mehrab Mirza*§
1549-1550Qorban Ali Mirza*§
1554Qasem Mirza*§
1549-1565Abdollah Khan Ustajlu
1566Mostafa Beg
1566Shah Beg Ali
1567Farrokhzad Beg Qaradaghlu
1567-1576Aras Khan Rumlu
1577Abu Torab Soltan Ustajlu
1577Kavus Mirza*§
1577Aras Soltan Khan Rumlu
1578Abu Bakr Mirza*§
1578Panah Mohammad Khan Dhu'l-Qadr
1578-?Mohammad Khan Khalifeh Hajjilar Dhu'l-Qadr
1579Suleiman Khan Ustajlu
1580-1583Peykar Beg Khan Ziyadoghlu
1583Khalifeh Ansar Qaradajlu
1604–05Constantine I of Kakheti
1583-1607Ottoman occupation
1610-1624Yusuf Khan
1624-1633Qazaq Khan Cherkes
1643–1653Khosrow Soltan Armani
1653Najafqoli Khan Cherkes
1663–67Najafqoli Khan Cherkes
1718Hasan-Ali Khan Daghestani

See also

References
  1. Hasan Javadi; Willem Floor (2013). "The Role of Azerbaijani Turkish in Safavid Iran". Iranian Studies. Routledge. 46 (4): 570. doi:10.1080/00210862.2013.784516. S2CID 161700244. A Jesuit missionary noted around 1690 that in Shirvan three languages were spoken, Turkish which is the most common one, corrupted Persian, and Armenian.
  2. Khalilli, Fariz (2009). ŞAMAXI TARİX-DİYARŞÜNASLIQ MUZEYİ [Shamakhi Historical and Locality Museum]. Baku: ANAS. p. 103. Retrieved 2011-08-08.
  3. Nasiri, Ali Naqi; Floor, Willem M. (2008). Titles and Emoluments in Safavid Iran: A Third Manual of Safavid Administration. Mage Publishers. p. 284. ISBN 978-1933823232.
  4. Afandiyev, O. A. (1993). Azərbaycan Səfəvilər dövləti [Safavid state of Azerbaijan]. Baku. p. 57.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. Fleischer, Cornell H. (1989). Mustafa Ali and the Politics of Cultural Despair. Cambridge University Press.

Sources
  • Akopyan, A. V.; Mosanef, F. (2010). "Safavid coinage of Aresh" (PDF). Journal of the Oriental Numismatic Society. 202: 16–20.
  • Floor, Willem M. (2008). Titles and Emoluments in Safavid Iran: A Third Manual of Safavid Administration, by Mirza Naqi Nasiri. Washington, DC: Mage Publishers. pp. 1–337. ISBN 978-1933823232.


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