Singapore Civil Service

The Singapore Civil Service is the bureaucracy of civil servants that supports the Government of Singapore. Along with the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF), statutory boards, and other independent government bodies, the civil service makes up the overall public service of Singapore.[1] As of 2022, the civil service has about 87,000 employees.[2]

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Thomas Friedman of The New York Times considers the Singapore Civil Service to be one of the most efficient and uncorrupt bureaucracies in the world, with a high standard of discipline and accountability.[3] It is also considered a key contributor to the success of Singapore since its independence.

Other commentators have argued that the persisting dominance of the People's Action Party (PAP) on the civil service has led to complacency and groupthink, with the supporting ministries being resistant to alternative views and fundamentally unprepared for a change of government.[4][5]

Overview

The Civil Service was inherited from the British system. Since Singapore's independence in 1965, the Civil Service has been closely tied with the governing People's Action Party (PAP).[6][7]

One of the ways by which the service recruits Singaporeans is through the competitive Public Service Commission (PSC) Scholarship. These full-ride scholarships are awarded to prospective undergraduate and post-graduate students based on their academic performance and extra-curricular activities; they are not need-based scholarships. Upon graduation, PSC Scholars are mandated to work in the Civil Service for a number of years on a bond, usually ranging from 4 to 6 years. Scholars must repay the bond if they choose to resign from the Civil Service before the completion of their mandated service. Many scholars who have remained in government have gone on to hold senior positions. Many Singaporean ministers are also drawn from the Civil Service, particularly from government scholars.[8][9]

The highest-ranking civil servant within a ministry is known as the permanent secretary. Permanent secretaries in each ministry used to be permanent in their postings. The current practice is to rotate them in various ministries every few years.[10]

Head of the Civil Service

The highest-ranking civil servant in Singapore is the Head of the Civil Service. The incumbent Head of the Civil Service is Leo Yip, who took office in September 2017. He also holds the position of Permanent Secretary at both the Strategy Group, and National Security and Intelligence Coordination (NSIC) under the Prime Minister's Office (PMO).[11]

Civil Service Minister

The Singapore Government also appoints a cabinet minister to take charge of the operational responsibilities in the public service division and its integrity of the service, where the minister is duly liable to the Parliament of Singapore as well. The current minister appointed to this designation is Chan Chun Sing. Chan is serving concurrently as Minister with the Ministry of Education (Singapore).[12]

Salaries

The salaries of high-ranking civil servants in Singapore are some of the highest in the world, and are pegged to the salaries of the top-earning Singaporeans. This has led to some criticising the government for overpaying its employees. In response, the government has maintained that a high pay is necessary to prevent corruption, attrition, and the influence of outside money in the public service, as well as to attract talent from the private sector.[13]

The salary of civil servants is organised into grades. The salary of Members of Parliament (MPs), Cabinet ministers, and judges are also based upon this scale. Salary grades generally begin with one or two letters, and end with a number that corresponds. The top civil service grades are grades 1 to 4, upon which ministerial salary is also pegged on.[14][15]

Ministerial Pay Grades (Singapore)
Grade Salary ($)
MR1 1,920,000
MR2 1,680,000
MR3 1,440,000
MR4 1,200,000

The salaries of political appointments, such as the MPs and the speaker of Parliament, are ratios of the MR4 salary. While new ministers salaries start off at the MR4 grade, the prime minister may increase a minister's pay grade at his discretion.[15] While the salaries of political leaders are generally fixed upon the pay grades, the salaries of civil servants may vary greatly. For example, the MR4 discount of being only 60% of the median top salary is done only for ministers, "to reflect the ethos of sacrifice that political service involves", and does not apply to civil servants.[16]

For most civil servants, the pay scale consists of ranges rather than specific fixed salaries, and the actual salaries of civil servants can vary widely depending on performance and other factors.[17] Most civil servants can be divided into three divisions, which each having its own pay grading system: Management Executives (MX); Operations Support (OSS);[18] and Technical Support.[19]

Senior civil servant pay grades are sometimes known as Staff Grade and Superscale (for senior management).[20] MX9 superscale officers have an average annual salary range of about $200,000 to $260,000.[21]

Code of conduct

Civil servants need to declare casino visitation within a week if they went to 2 local casinos more than four times a month, or if they have bought an annual entry pass.[22]

See also

References
  1. "23 Things Public Officers Should Know". www.psd.gov.sg. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
  2. "The Public Service". Public Service Division, Singapore.
  3. Thomas L. Friedman (14 September 2005). "Singapore and Katrina". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
  4. Han, Fook Kwang (1 October 2017). "The politics of dominance: Don't take it to the limit". The Straits Times.
  5. Kuah, Adrian (7 October 2017). "Whither the civil service? The risks of the loss of PAP dominance". The Middle Ground.
  6. "Civil service must never be politicised, says former chief Peter Ho". The Straits Times. 7 December 2017. The civil service and the PAP have worked together for so long that they have developed an "instinctive understanding" of each other.
  7. "Public Service – Are You Really Lovin' It?". Challenge. PS21 Office, Public Service Division, Prime Minister's Office.
  8. "Go East, young bureaucrat". The Economist. 17 March 2011.
  9. "What 'scholar' really means in Singapore". Singapore Business Review. 29 June 2012.
  10. "Former EDB Chairman Philip Yeo's latest biography sheds light on leadership pitfalls | The Peak Singapore - Your Guide to The Finer Things in Life". The Peak Singapore. 6 February 2017.
  11. "Head of civil service Peter Ong to retire on Sep 1, Leo Yip to take over". Channel NewsAsia.
  12. https://www.pmo.gov.sg/The-Cabinet/Mr-CHAN-Chun-Sing#:~:text=Mr%20Chan%20Chun%20Sing%20was,2018%20to%2014%20May%202021.
  13. Mydans, Seth (10 April 2007). "Singapore's Highly Paid Officials Get Richer". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
  14. "Civil Service Mid-Year Payments 2022". www.psd.gov.sg. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
  15. 2017 Review of Salaries for President, Prime Minister, Speaker, Deputy Speaker, Political Appointment Holders and Members of Parliament. National Archives of Singapore. https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/data/data/pdfdoc/20180301004/Annex%20B%202017%20Review%20Committee%20Report.pdf
  16. Salaries for a Capable and Committed Government. Public Service Division. 2011. Singapore. https://www.psd.gov.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/white-paper---salaries-for-a-capable-and-committed-govt.pdf
  17. "Career Progression, Salaries and Benefits". www.careers.gov.sg. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
  18. "Civil Service Mid-Year Payments 2022". www.psd.gov.sg. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
  19. Civil Service careers made more attractive. 2007. Public Service Division. Singapore. https://www.psd.gov.sg/docs/default-source/module/press-release/press-release---25-oct-2007-civil-service-careers-made-more-attractive.pdf
  20. "Ministerial Statement by DPM Lee Hsien Loong in Parliament on Civil Service NWC Award, Public Sector Salary Revisions and Review of Salary Benchmarks, 29 June 2000". www.nas.gov.sg. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
  21. MEAN, MEDIAN AND RANGE OF TOTAL ANNUAL REMUNERATION OF MX 9 (SUPERSCALE) GRADE IN CIVIL SERVICE FOR PAST FIVE YEARS. 2022. Parliament of Singapore.https://sprs.parl.gov.sg/search/sprs3topic?reportid=written-answer-10803
  22. "Tighter casino visit rules for civil servants". Today. Singapore.
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