Basil Arthur

Sir Basil Malcolm Arthur, 5th Baronet (18 September 1928 – 1 May 1985) served as Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives from 1984 to 1985. He was a member of the Labour Party.

Sir Basil Arthur
20th Speaker of the House of Representatives
In office
14 July 1984  1 May 1985
Prime MinisterDavid Lange
DeputyJohn Terris
Preceded byRichard Harrison
Succeeded byGerry Wall
11th Minister of Transport
In office
8 December 1972  12 December 1975
Prime MinisterNorman Kirk
Bill Rowling
Preceded byPeter Gordon
Succeeded byColin McLachlan
26th Minister in Charge of the State Insurance Office
In office
8 December 1972  12 December 1975
Prime MinisterNorman Kirk
Bill Rowling
Preceded byGeorge Gair
Succeeded byBert Walker
Member of the New Zealand Parliament
for Timaru
In office
21 July 1962  1 May 1985
Preceded byClyde Carr
Succeeded byMaurice McTigue
Personal details
Born18 September 1928
Timaru, New Zealand
Died1 May 1985(1985-05-01) (aged 56)
Wellington, New Zealand
Political partyLabour
Spouses
Beth Wells
(m. 1950; div. 1983)
    Colleen Kennett
    (m. 1983)
    Children3
    Signature

    Biography

    Early life and career

    Arthur was born in Timaru, New Zealand, and educated at Timaru Boys' High School.[1] As a youth he was a keen athlete and competed in representative rugby, badminton and hockey. Aged 15 he found work in Otago on a fishing trawler and later gained employment as a freezing worker. When he reached age 18, in 1947, he enlisted in the army and served for a year as a driver in J Force during the occupation of Japan.[2]

    He returned to New Zealand and found work as a hotel manager and on 5 January 1950 he married Elizabeth Rita Wells in Auckland. He soon after became a clerk for the Ministry of Works in Mangakino. Arthur had a preference for hard, physical activity and disliked clerical work. Thusly, he resigned three years later and worked in a series of labouring jobs subsequently. Whilst working in a sawmill, Arthur became secretary of the Waikato section of the New Zealand Workers' Union. In 1956 he was elected to the unions national executive, and served as president of the Auckland branch for three years.[2] While working in Mangakino he was saving up in order to purchase his own business.[3]

    His father, a hotel proprietor, inherited the title of 4th Baronet in 1941, and Arthur in turn inherited it on his father's death in 1949. However, he deliberately made little use of his title. The title fitted uneasily with his lifestyle as a working man and he kept it hidden. It was not until the mid-1950s, by which time he was working as a concrete layer, that it became known that he was a baronet.[2] Despite disliking the title he decided to keep it in case his eldest son, Stephen, wished to claim it and planned to take him to Kent to visit his ancestors' former land estates.[3]

    Member of Parliament

    New Zealand Parliament
    Years Term Electorate Party
    19621963 33rd Timaru Labour
    19631966 34th Timaru Labour
    19661969 35th Timaru Labour
    19691972 36th Timaru Labour
    19721975 37th Timaru Labour
    19751978 38th Timaru Labour
    19781981 39th Timaru Labour
    19811984 40th Timaru Labour
    19841985 41st Timaru Labour

    Aged just 16, he joined the Labour Party and delivered its pamphlets during the 1946 election. He was president of the Mangakino branch of the Labour Party and vice-president of the Rotorua Labour Representation Committee.[3] In 1957 Arthur decided to stand for parliament himself and unsuccessfully contested the Labour nomination for the Waitomo electorate, losing to Vic Haines the Mayor of Te Kuiti. In 1960 Arthur won nomination to stand for Labour in the Hamilton electorate, coming second.[2]

    In 1962, he contested two by-elections for the Labour Party: first, unsuccessfully, in Waitaki; then, successfully, in Timaru. On entering Parliament at age 33 he was the country's youngest member of parliament. He was reluctant to be called "Sir", but the Speaker at the time, Ronald Algie, said that refusing this honorific would be disrespectful to the Queen.[2] In parliament he distinguished himself from colleagues by supporting New Zealand's involvement in the Vietnam War, which most of the Labour Party were opposed to.[4]

    Cabinet minister

    Arthur was both Minister of Transport and Minister in Charge of the State Insurance Office from 1972 until 1975 during the Third Labour Government.[5] As Minister of Transport he established the Shipping Corporation of New Zealand, which he later considered his greatest contribution to New Zealand. As Minister of State Insurance he instituted a 50% rebate on insurance premiums for means-tested beneficiaries.[2]

    Following the surprise defeat of the Third Labour Government he held the position of Opposition Spokesman for Transport and Communications.[6] In 1979 he was appointed Shadow Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries by Labour leader Bill Rowling instead.[7] He was additionally given the Forestry portfolio in 1982.[8] He made a positive impression on colleagues and opponents leading the criticism of the controversial National Development Act and proposed reforms of national parks administration. His speeches in the House were "vigorous and forthright − without venom." During their period in opposition, Labour was beset by the perceived weakness of Rowling's leadership. Arthur was one of several speculated replacements. In contrast to Rowling, Arthur had a forceful presence in parliament and commanding voice (termed "Basil's Bellow").[9]

    When David Lange replaced Rowling as leader in 1983 Arthur was dropped from the front bench and lost the Agriculture and Forestry portfolios. He retained Fisheries and was made Shadow Minister for Lands and Rural Banking.[10] By this time many parliamentary colleagues believed Arthur, with his length of service and poor health, belonged to the party's "old school of politicians".[2]

    Speaker

    When Labour won the 1984 election Arthur, despite being one of only a few Labour MPs with prior cabinet experience, was passed over for a seat in the cabinet. Instead he was appointed Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives.[2] He served in that capacity for one year, before dying in office of Legionnaires' disease.[11] The then Prime Minister, David Lange recalled in My Life (2005) that Arthur was gravely ill in Wellington Hospital, and if he resigned from the member's superannuation scheme before he died (but not otherwise) his estate would get a lump-sum payment. He had to answer a question in the house, then went to hospital with a letter of resignation "only to find that he had died hardly a minute before I got there". Labour lost the subsequent Timaru by-election, with a candidate that did not suit "the conservative character of the electorate."[12]

    Arthur was the second baronet to serve as Speaker, the first being Sir Charles Clifford, 1st Baronet (the first Speaker of the House of Representatives), although he was made a baronet some time after he had retired from politics.

    Honours

    In 1977, Arthur was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal.[1] The Timaru District Council named a recreation reserve, located in Washdyke, Sir Basil Arthur Park in his honour.[13]

    Personal life

    In May 1983, Arthur divorced his first wife Beth. He remarried to Sandra Colleen Kennett (née Boaz) on 1 July 1983 at a small ceremony in Wellington. He embarrassingly dropped the ring during the ceremony where his daughter-in-law Carolyn was the bridesmaid and Labour MP Bob Tizard was the best man.[14] His first wife Beth died in 1997.[15]

    Coat of arms of Basil Arthur
    Crest
    In front of two swords in saltire Proper pommels and hilts Or a pelican in her piety Sable the nest Or.
    Escutcheon
    Or on a chevron Azure between two clarions in chief Gules and a kangaroo sejant in base Proper two swords the points upwards also Proper points and hilts of the first on a chief of the third a horse courant Argent.
    Motto
    Stet Fortuna Domus (May The Fortune Of The House Stand) [16]

    Notes

    1. Taylor, Alister; Coddington, Deborah (1994). Honoured by the Queen – New Zealand. Auckland: New Zealand Who's Who Aotearoa. p. 50. ISBN 0-908578-34-2.
    2. Henderson, John. "Arthur, Basil Malcolm". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
    3. "Baronet Works in Timber Mill". Auckland Star. 5 October 1956. p. 11.
    4. Grant 2014, p. 100.
    5. Wilson 1985, p. 92.
    6. "Surprises Among Party Spokesmen". The New Zealand Herald. 30 January 1976. p. 10.
    7. "The Team". The New Zealand Herald. 15 December 1979. p. 12.
    8. "How They Line-up". The New Zealand Herald. 20 February 1982. p. 3.
    9. "Sir Basil tipped as leader". Auckland Star. 22 August 1980. p. 6.
    10. "Labour leader allocates responsibilities". The Press. 17 March 1983. p. 3.
    11. Bassett 2008, p. 543.
    12. Lange 2005, p. 213.
    13. "Sir Basil Arthur Park". Timaru District Council. 24 February 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
    14. "Marriage for MP". The Evening Post. 2 July 1983. p. 3.
    15. "Elizabeth (Beth) Arthur: Obituary". Timaru Herald. 13 September 1997. p. 2.
    16. Debrett's Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage & Titles of Courtesy. 1878.

    References

    • Bassett, Michael (2008). Working with David: Inside the Lange Cabinet. Auckland: Hodder Moa. ISBN 978-1-86971-094-1.
    • Grant, David (2014). The Mighty Totara: The life and times of Norman Kirk. Auckland: Random House. ISBN 9781775535799.
    • Lange, David (2005). My Life. Auckland: Viking. ISBN 0-670-04556-X.
    • Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand parliamentary record, 1840–1984 (4 ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.
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