Donald Wolfit

Sir Donald Wolfit, CBE (born Donald Woolfitt;[2] 20 April 1902 – 17 February 1968) was an English actor-manager, known for his touring wartime productions of Shakespeare. He was especially renowned for his portrayal of King Lear.


Donald Wolfit

Wolfit in 1965
Born
Donald Woolfitt[1]

(1902-04-20)20 April 1902
Died17 February 1968(1968-02-17) (aged 65)
Hammersmith, London, England
OccupationActor-manager
Years active1931–1968
Spouse(s)Chris Castor (1928–1934)
Susan Katherine Anthony
Rosalind Iden (m.1948)

Personal life

Wolfit was born at New Balderton, near Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, and attended the Magnus Grammar School. He made his stage début in 1920 and first appeared in the West End in 1924, playing in The Wandering Jew.[2] He was married three times. His first wife was the actress Chris Castor, and their daughter Margaret Wolfit (1929–2008) was also an actor.[3] He had two children by his second marriage - Harriet Graham, actor and writer, and Adam Wolfit, a photographer. An active Freemason, he became Master of Green Room Lodge in 1965.[4]

Wolfit was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1950 for his services to the theatre, and knighted in 1957.[2]

Career

He played some major supporting roles at the Old Vic Theatre in 1930,[2] appearing in Richard of Bordeaux with John Gielgud, and finally gained prominence at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre in 1936 as Hamlet, whereupon he tried to persuade the management to finance him on a tour of the provinces. They declined the invitation, so he withdrew his savings and in 1937 started his own touring company,[5] which he would lead for many years, prompting Hermione Gingold's bon mot: "Olivier is a tour-de-force, and Wolfit is forced to tour."[2]

Shakespearean theatre

Wolfit's speciality was Shakespeare. He was known especially for his Shakespearean touring company which he set up with his own money touring in many countries in the Far East (Asia), Arabia, Australia, USA and England.

Not only was he a director, he also acted in many of his plays alongside his main leading principal Pamella Carrington Coutte. He was also well known in King Lear and Richard III. He also played Oedipus, and the lead roles in Ben Jonson's Volpone and Christopher Marlowe's Tamburlaine.

His touring company performed in London during the Battle of Britain in 1940 and Wolfit staged a very successful series of abridged versions of Shakespeare's plays in London during the Second World War in the early afternoon for lunchtime audiences.

In January 1942, by arrangement with Lionel L. Falck, Donald Wolfit presented Richard III at the Strand Theatre in London. Wolfit played King Richard; others in the production included Eric Maxon (King Edward IV), and Frank Thornton (Sir William Catesby). In 1947 Wolfit proved unpopular with American critics when he took the company to Broadway. He appeared at Stratford during the 1950s in his signature role of King Lear, and was invited to play Falstaff at the RSC in 1962 but turned the offer down when he discovered Paul Scofield would be playing Lear there at the same time, saying "Lear is still the brightest jewel in my crown!"[6] Edith Sitwell wrote to Wolfit: "The cosmic grandeur of your King Lear left us unable to speak. ... all imaginable fires of agony and all the light of redemption are there."[7]

Amongst his many other theatrical roles were appearances in A Murder Has Been Arranged by Emlyn Williams, Agatha Christie's Black Coffee, Constance Cox's The Romance of David Garrick and Bill Naughton's All in Good Time.

Film and radio

Although Wolfit was primarily a stage actor, he appeared in over thirty films, such as Svengali (1954), Blood of the Vampire (1958), Room at the Top (1959), Lawrence of Arabia (1962) and Becket (1964). He worked a good deal for the BBC, performing as King John and Volpone on television, and as Lear, Falstaff and Richard III for radio – as well as modern parts like Archie Rice in The Entertainer.

Death

Wolfit died on 17 February 1968, at the age of 65 in Hammersmith, London, of cardiovascular disease. His final two films, Decline and Fall... of a Birdwatcher and The Charge of the Light Brigade, were released posthumously. According to Roger Moore, legend had it that on his deathbed, Donald Wolfit said, “Dying is easy, comedy is hard” (however this tale has also been told of Edmund Gwenn, Donald Crisp, and Edmund Kean, and most of Moore's anecdotes are unsourced).[8]

Legacy

Ronald Harwood, who at one time was Wolfit's dresser, based his play The Dresser (later turned into cinema and TV films) on his relationship with Wolfit. Harwood also wrote Wolfit's biography. Peter O'Toole, who worked with Wolfit on several films and plays over the course of his career, considered Wolfit his most important mentor.

Wolfit was also an important influence on the early acting career of Pamella Carrington Coutte (1925-1959) from the age of 18, he was introduced to her by Noel Coward whom both men could see a very valuable asset to his company as Coutte apart from becoming one of the best Shakespearean actresses in that era, she was the only bilingual actress who was very fluent in 11 languages. This enabled Wolfit to introduce Shakespeare to other countries as Coutte had the experience to interpret and teach actors to the required languages that were needed.

Harold Pinter worked for the Donald Wolfit Company alongside Coutte at the King's Theatre, Hammersmith, in 1953–54, performing eight roles with him.[9]

Wolfit long maintained a bitter hostility to John Gielgud, fuelled by Wolfit's resentment of Gielgud's public school background and family connections in the theatre. The actor Leslie French contrasted the two men: "John was a very gentle person, very caring, with a lovely sense of humour. Donald was a joke, a terrible actor with no sense of humour, who believed he was the greatest in the world. Once John and I took a call in front of the curtain; Donald collapsed in tears because he wasn't called."[10]

Wolfit's last appearance on stage was in a musical, as the domineering Mr Barrett in Robert and Elizabeth (1966–67).

Donald Wolfit’s acting career declined after Pamella Coutte’s death in 1959 where he struggled losing not only a great actress but a soulmate friend to he whom was very close. He died in 1968.

The papers of Donald Wolfit, and those of his first wife Chris Castor, are archived at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin as part of their extensive British performing arts holdings. The papers include Wolfit's promptbooks, management records, tour schedules, production papers, scene and costume designs, extensive correspondence, and more. The Ransom Center also holds a small selection of costumes and personal effects from Wolfit and his company, including Wolfit's certification as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, and Rosalind Iden's gown worn as Beatrice in the company's production of Much Ado About Nothing.[11][12]

Filmography

Film
YearTitleRoleNotes
1931Down River
1934Death at Broadcasting HouseSydney Parsons
1935Drake of EnglandThomas Doughty
1935The Silent PassengerHenry Camberley
1935CheckmateJack Barton
1935Late ExtraInspector Greville
1935Hyde Park CornerHowardUncredited
1935Sexton Blake and the Bearded DoctorPercy
1936Calling the TuneDick Finlay
1938The Claydon Treasure MysteryExecutiveUncredited
1952The Pickwick PapersSergeant Buzfuz
1952The RingerDr. Lomond
1953Isn't Life Wonderful!Uncle Willie
1954SvengaliSvengali
1955A Prize of GoldStratton
1956The Man in the RoadProfessor Cattrell
1956Guilty?Judge
1956Satellite in the SkyMerrity
1957The TraitorColonel Price
1958I Accuse!Gen. Mercier
1958Blood of the VampireDoctor Callistratus
1959Room at the TopMr. Brown
1959The Angry HillsDr. Stergion
1959The Rough and the SmoothLord Drewell
1959The House of the Seven HawksInspector Van Der Stoor
1960The Hands of OrlacProfessor Volchett
1961The MarkAndrew Clive
1962Lawrence of ArabiaGeneral Archibald Murray
1963Dr. CrippenR.D. Muir
1964BecketBishop Folliot
1965Ninety Degrees in the ShadeBazant
1965Life at the TopAbe Brown
1966The Sandwich ManCar Salesman
1968The Charge of the Light BrigadeMacbeth in 'Macbeth'
1968Decline and Fall... of a BirdwatcherDr. Augustus Fagan(final film role)

Notes

  1. "Index entry". FreeBMD. ONS. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
  2. Harwood, Ronald, "Wolfit, Sir Donald (1902–1968)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, January 2008; accessed 14 July 2009
  3. Obituary for Margaret Wolfit. The Stage (21 October 2008); retrieved 9 October 2011.
  4. Neal Arden "And for my next record...", MQ magazine, No. 9, April 2004|
  5. Harwood
  6. O'Connor, p. 160
  7. Harwood, p. 167
  8. Moore, Roger (2014). One Lucky Bastard: Tales from Tinseltown. London: Lyons Press. ISBN 978-1493007974.
  9. Billington, pp. 20–25; 31, 36, 37–41; "Acting: The Donald Wolfit Company", haroldpinter.org, accessed 9 October 2007.
  10. Croall, p. 116
  11. "Donald Wolfit: An Inventory of His Papers at the Harry Ransom Center". norman.hrc.utexas.edu. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
  12. "Chris Castor: An Inventory of Her Papers at the Harry Ransom Center". norman.hrc.utexas.edu. Retrieved 29 February 2016.

References


This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.