Singapore Premier League

Singapore had been represented in the Malaysia Cup through the Singapore Lions since 1921. The Lions were one of the most successful teams in the competition, having won it 24 times from 1921 to 1994. Following a dispute over gate receipts between the FAS and FAM[1] after winning the league and cup double in 1994, the Lions withdrew from the Malaysian competitions.

Subsequently, the Football Association of Singapore decided to build a professional league system. However, as it was estimated to take about a year to put in place the structure of a professional league, the Singapore Lions were given match practice in what was then the top level of domestic football, the semi-professional FAS Premier League. This team won the last FAS Premier League title, finishing the season unbeaten.

The S.League was founded in 1996. The FAS invited applications for clubs to compete in the newly formed league. Eight successful applications were made. Two clubs from the Premier League – powerhouse Geylang International (renamed Geylang United; 6 consecutive Premier League titles) and Balestier United (renamed Balestier Central – joined six from the amateur National Football League – Police, Singapore Armed Forces, Tampines Rovers, Tiong Bahru United, Wellington (renamed Woodlands Wellington) and Sembawang Rangers (merger of Gibraltar Crescent and Sembawang SC) – for the inaugural edition of the S.League. The season was split into the two series. Tiger Beer Series winners Geylang United defeated Pioneer Series winners Singapore Armed Forces 2–1 in the end of season championship playoff to be crowned the 1st S.League champions.[2] The 30,000 crowd at the playoff remains the record attendance in the S.League.

Police FC renamed themselves as Home United for the 1997 season to reflect their representation of not only the Singapore Police Force, but also other HomeTeam Departments of the Singapore Ministry of Home Affairs such as the SCDF and the ICA. NFL side Jurong Town FC, who renamed themselves Jurong FC, joined the competition taking the number of participating clubs to 9. The league switched from its previous format to a round-robin competition. Singapore Armed Forces won their first title.

Gombak United and Marine Castle United joined the S.League in 1998, further taking the number of clubs to 11. Tiong Bahru United renamed themselves to Tanjong Pagar United at the start of the season. Singapore Armed Forces won their second consecutive title.

Clementi Khalsa joined the S.League in 1999 as a representative of the Sikh community in Singapore. The league took on 12 teams for the next five years. Home United won their first title.

During the 2000s, the FAS decided to invite foreign clubs to the league to increase league competitiveness. Sinchi FC, a side composed of Chinese players became the first foreign club to participate in 2003. Shi Jiayi and Qiu Li went on to become naturalised Singapore players.

Sporting Afrique, a club made up of African players, and Super Reds, a side comprising South Korean players, became the third and fourth foreign clubs to join the competition in 2006 and 2007 respectively. Sporting Afrique were refused entry into the 2007 S.League due to off-field controversies and poor performance. In 2010, Super Reds were denied a place after three seasons following attempts to convert into a team of local players.

Chinese Super League clubs Liaoning FC (2007), Dalian Shide FC (2008) and Beijing Guoan FC (2010) entered their feeder clubs in the S.League. All three clubs each lasted one season before being pulled out of the league due to poor performances and disciplinary issues. Bruneian club DPMM FC joined the S.League in 2009 before being pulled from the league as a result of a FIFA ban. They re-entered the league from 2012. They were the first club to base themselves outside of Singapore. In 2010, French club Étoile FC became the first foreign side to win the S.League. Etoile pulled out of the S.League prior to the 2012 season to focus on grassroots football and youth development.

In 2012, Malaysia national youth sides Harimau Muda A and Harimau Muda B joined the S.League following an agreement between the Football Association of Singapore and the Football Association of Malaysia (FAM) to send their representative sides into their respective domestic competitions. Singaporean side LionsXII returned to the Malaysian competitions in 2012. Echoing the former Singapore FA, the LionsXII quickly became a successful force in the Malaysian league system during its short stint, winning the league title in 2013 as well as the FA Cup in 2015.

However, on 25 November 2015, the FAM decided not to extend their Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the FAS. This automatically disqualified LionsXII from further entering any football tournament in Malaysia. Similarly, Malaysia's squad Harimau Muda did not participate in the Singapore League from then onwards.[3]

J.League club Albirex Niigata entered their feeder club Albirex Niigata Singapore in the 2004 S.League. The club became the most established foreign side in the S.League, drawing on the support the Japanese expatriate community and some local fans. As of 2023, they are the foreign side with the longest involvement in Singaporean football.

The league took on a number of changes for the 2015 season to increase its competitiveness.[4][5] The number of clubs was reduced from 12 to 10, with the withdrawal of Tanjong Pagar United due to financial problems, and the merger of Woodlands Wellington and Hougang United.[4][6] The league returned to a three-round format used from 2001 to 2011.[4] The foreign player quota remained at five per club, but incentives were given to those who signed an under-21 player.[6] The passing time for the mandatory 2.4 km fitness test was lowered from 10 mins to 9 mins 45 s.[4] A new rule on age restrictions – a maximum of five players aged 30 and above and a minimum of three under-25 players for clubs with a 22-man squad, a maximum of four players aged 30 and above and a minimum of two under-25 players for clubs with a 20-man squad – was later reversed.[6][7]

The league was rebranded as the Singapore Premier League on 21 March 2018. Further revamps were also made to see a greater emphasis on local youth players in a bid to strengthen the national side; this, in effect, has resulted in a number of senior as well as local and foreign stars being purchased by overseas clubs.[8]

Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, then goal difference, and then goals scored.

At the end of each season, the club with the most points is crowned league champion. If the points, goal difference, goals scored, and head-to-head results between teams are equal, head-to-head records between the teams are used, followed by a better fair play record.

There is no relegation or promotion system in the league. Clubs enter the Singapore Premier League by invitation of the Football Association of Singapore.

Years indicates seasons active in the league.

Years indicates seasons active in the league Domestic based are foreign clubs which are based in Singapore.

The league's winners qualify for the AFC Champions League, while Singapore Cup winners qualify for the AFC Cup playoff spot. In the event of the same club winning both the S.League and Singapore Cup, the runners-up of the league takes up the AFC Cup qualification spot. Foreign clubs are ineligible to represent the Football Association of Singapore in AFC continental competitions. The qualification spot is given to the next best-placed local club in the league if a foreign club wins any of the two competitions.

• Player of the Year
• Young Player of the Year
• Coach of the Year
• Team of the Year
• Goal of the Year
• Top Scorer
• Golden Glove
• Fair Play Award
• People's Choice Award
• Dollah Kassim Award

• Most titles: 9, Warriors FC
• Most consecutive title wins: 4, Warriors FC (2006, 2007, 2008, 2009)
• Biggest title-winning margin: 23 points, 2018; Albirex Niigata (S) (66 points) over Home United (43 points)
• Smallest title-winning margin: 0 points and +5 goal difference – 1998 SAFFC (+29) over Tanjong Pagar United (+24) Both finished on 46 points, but SAFFC won the title with a superior goal difference, the only time that goal difference has decided the League title in history.
• Most points in a season: 84 points, SAFFC (2002)
• Most wins in total: 331, Warriors FC
• Most wins in a season: 26, SAFFC (2002)
• The biggest home win: 9–0
  • SAFFC 9–0 Sembawang Rangers (15 June 2002)
  • Tampines Rovers 9–0 Tanjong Pagar United (16 March 2004)
• The biggest away win: 1–10
  • Young Lions 1–10 Lion City Sailors (13 August 2022)
• Most defeats in total: 261, Balestier Khalsa
• Most defeats in a season: 25, Gombak United (2002)
• Most draws in total: 120, Woodlands Wellington
• Most goals scored in a season: 104
  • SAFFC (2002)
  • Home United (2003)
• Most goals conceded in a season: 103, Young Lions (2022)
• Fewest goals conceded in a season: 11, Tampines Rovers (2020)
• Most Golden Boot Winners: 9
  • SAFFC (1996, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008, 2009)
• Most Golden Glove Winners: 7
  • Albirex Niigata Singapore (2012, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021)
• Most League appearances: 518, Daniel Bennett
• Most different clubs played for: 7
  • Fazrul Nawaz (for Geylang United, Young Lions, Gombak United, SAFFC, Home United, Tampines Rovers and Hougang United)
• Oldest player: Alizanda Sitom, 46 years 9 months 26 days old (for DPMM vs Home United on 25 May 2017)
• Oldest outfield player: Daniel Bennett, 44 years 9 months 13 days old (for Tanjong Pagar United vs Tampines Rovers on 20 October 2022)
• Oldest Goal scorers: Daniel Bennett ~ 44 years 7 months 27 days old (On 3 September 2022 vs Hougang United)
• Youngest player: Nathan Mao, 15 years 5 days old (for Lion City Sailors vs Tampines Rovers on 31 March 2023)
• Youngest Goal scorers: Hakeme Yazid Said, 16 years 5 months 25 days old (for DPMM vs Geylang International on 2 August 2019)
• Most seasons appeared in: 26, Daniel Bennett (every season from 1996 to 2022)
• Most Successful debuts: John Wilkinson (scored 4 goals on his Geylang United debut against Home United on 1 March 2005)
• Most Unsuccessful debuts: Stanely Ng (Red card within 4 minutes into his debut for Geylang United against Young Lions on 3 March 2011)
• Matches with most bookings: 13, Étoile FC vs Woodlands Wellington (11 March 2010)
• Matches with most penalties: 4
  • Tanjong Pagar United vs Young Lions (1 October 2022)
  • Harimau Muda A vs Woodlands Wellington (15 April 2012)
• Matches with the highest number of spectators: 18.942,
  • Albirex Niigata (S) 2–1 Tampines Rovers (at Singapore National Stadium on 31 March 2018)
• Youngest Manager: Gavin Lee: 29 years 05 months 22 days (for Tampines Rovers vs Balestier Khalsa on 1 March 2020)
• Oldest Manager: Radojko Avramović: 69 years 07 months 4 days (for Home United vs Young Lions on 3 July 2019)
• Record transfers fee: Diego Lopes (€1.8 million transfer from Rio Ave on 21 January 2021)
• Record transfers fee received: Fazrul Nawaz (€45,000 transfer to Hougang United on 13 July 2018)