Duberria lutrix

Common slug eater
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Serpentes
Family:	Pseudoxyrhophiidae
Subfamily:	Amplorhininae
Genus:	Duberria
Species:	D. lutrix
Binomial name
	Duberria lutrix; (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
	Coluber lutrix Linnaeus, 1758; Elaps duberria Schneider, 1790; Calamaria arctiventris Schlegel, 1837; Homalosoma lutrix – A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1854; Duberria lutrix – Broadley, 1998[1][2][3];

Duberria lutrix, or the common slug eater, is a small, ovoviviparous,[4] molluscivorous, non-venomous snake, which is endemic to Africa.

Description

Adults can be up to thirty to forty cm (approximately twelve to sixteen inches).[5]

The common slug eater's colour can vary, but they typically have an olive green to brown or russet back, grey flanks, a yellowish or cream belly, and a black, more or less complete, vertebral stripe.

Geographic range

This species is found in Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe.[6]

Subspecies

Six subspecies are recognized, including the nominotypical subspecies.

Duberria lutrix abyssinica (Boulenger, 1894)
Duberria lutrix atriventris Sternfeld, 1912
Duberria lutrix basilewskyi Skelton-Bourgeois, 1961
Duberria lutrix currylindahli Laurent, 1956
Duberria lutrix lutrix (Linnaeus, 1758)
Duberria lutrix rhodesiana Broadley, 1958[2]

Diet

Detail of a slugeater head

As the name implies, the common slug eater is a specialised predator and feeds on snails and slugs, mostly finding its prey through chemoreception, using its tongue. It swallows its prey quickly before too much defensive mucus is produced, extracting snails from their shells through the shell opening, or by smashing the shell against a rock while grasping the soft body in its jaws.[7]

Breeding

The common slug eater usually gives birth to litters of three to twelve young.[8][9] However, broods from large females may consist of as many as 22 newborns, each measuring eight to eleven cm (3⅛-4¼ inches). The total combined weight of the young may exceed the weight of the female after giving birth. Birthing season is January and February (late summer in southern Africa).[10]

Captivity

The snake is a popular pet, which feeds and breeds readily, and because of the nature of its prey item, it is easy to keep.[11]

Defense

When alarmed, the snake secretes a noxious substance from glands near the base of the tail and rolls up into a defensive spiral with the head in the middle, leading to the Afrikaans common name tabakrolletjie ("tobacco roll").[12]

References

Boulenger, G.A. 1894. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ. Trustees of the British Museum. London. xi + 382 pp. + Plates I. - XX. (Homalosoma lutrix, pp. 274-276.)
The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
Pyron, R.A.; Burbrink, F.T.; Wiens, J.J. (2013). "A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 13 (1): 1–53. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-93. PMC 3682911. PMID 23627680.
Roland Bauchot, ed. (2006). Snakes: A Natural History. Sterling. ISBN 978-1-4027-3181-5.
Carruthers, Vincent (2005). The Wildlife of Southern Africa: A Field Guide to the Animal and Plants of the Region. Cape Town: Struik Publishers. p. 92. ISBN 1-86872-451-4.
Duberria lutrix at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
G. M. Barker, ed. (2004). Natural enemies of terrestrial molluscs. Wallingford, Oxon, UK: CABI Pub. ISBN 0-85199-319-2.
Walter Rose (1950). The Reptiles and Amphibians of Southern Africa. Cape Town: Maskew Miller.
Branch, Bill (1988). Bill Branch's field guide to the snakes and other reptiles of southern Africa. Cape Town: Struik. ISBN 0-86977-641-X.
Branch, Bill. 2004. Field Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Southern Africa. Third Revised edition, Second Impression. Ralph Curtis Books. Sanibel Island, Florida. 399 pp. ISBN 0-88359-042-5 (Duberria lutrix, pp. 79-80 & Plate 28.)
"SA Reptiles (forum)". 2008.
"Slug Eater - Duberria lutrix". The ultimate field guide. 2008.

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[1] Boulenger, G.A. 1894. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ. Trustees of the British Museum. London. xi + 382 pp. + Plates I. - XX. (Homalosoma lutrix, pp. 274-276.)

[reptile-database.org-2] The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.

[Pyron-3] Pyron, R.A.; Burbrink, F.T.; Wiens, J.J. (2013). "A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 13 (1): 1–53. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-93. PMC 3682911. PMID 23627680.

[4] Roland Bauchot, ed. (2006). Snakes: A Natural History. Sterling. ISBN 978-1-4027-3181-5.

[5] Carruthers, Vincent (2005). The Wildlife of Southern Africa: A Field Guide to the Animal and Plants of the Region. Cape Town: Struik Publishers. p. 92. ISBN 1-86872-451-4.

[6] Duberria lutrix at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database

[7] G. M. Barker, ed. (2004). Natural enemies of terrestrial molluscs. Wallingford, Oxon, UK: CABI Pub. ISBN 0-85199-319-2.

[8] Walter Rose (1950). The Reptiles and Amphibians of Southern Africa. Cape Town: Maskew Miller.

[9] Branch, Bill (1988). Bill Branch's field guide to the snakes and other reptiles of southern Africa. Cape Town: Struik. ISBN 0-86977-641-X.

[10] Branch, Bill. 2004. Field Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Southern Africa. Third Revised edition, Second Impression. Ralph Curtis Books. Sanibel Island, Florida. 399 pp. ISBN 0-88359-042-5 (Duberria lutrix, pp. 79-80 & Plate 28.)

[11] "SA Reptiles (forum)". 2008.

[fieldguide-12] "Slug Eater - Duberria lutrix". The ultimate field guide. 2008.