Social issues in Vietnam

The primary social issues in Vietnam are rural and child poverty.

Vietnam scores 37.6 in the Gini coefficient index, with the top 10% accounting for 30.2% of the nation’s income and the bottom 10% receiving 3.2%. In 2008, 14% of the population lives below the national poverty line of US$1.15 per day.[1]

Rural poverty


Poverty rate by rural-urban residence, 1993-2004 (percent)[2]
1993 1998 2002 2004
Rural 66.4 45.5 35.6 25
Urban 25.1 9.2 6.6 3.6

Gross Domestic Product grew at an average of 7.5% from 2000-2008. The country was able to reduce poverty fate from 58.1% in the 1990s to 14% in 2008.[3] While the country grows and overall poverty drops, urban dwellers benefitted more than their rural counterparts and a wide income disparity grew between the rich and poor. The regions with the highest relative poverty include the north-west, north-central, central highlands, central coast and north-east.[4]

These regions do not offer the resources to conduct agricultural activities, the main source of income. The poorest rural people live in remote areas with small plots of low quality land that is unsuitable for farming. Similarly, people living along the coastline are faced with harsh climate conditions that restrict farming.

Child Poverty


Child Poverty rate in Vietnam, 1993-2004 (percent)[2]
1993 1998 2002 2004
Child Poverty Rate 65.2 46.4 36.4 26.7
National Poverty Rate 58.1 37.9 28.9 19.5

Child poverty declined from 65.2% in the 1993 to 26.7% in 2004.[5] The Survey on Household Living Standards data set from 2008 showed that 1 in 3 children in Vietnam is poor. Despite the drop, child poverty remains much higher than the national poverty rate. Many children lack access to the basic necessities of food, water, education and sanitation. This is especially so in rural areas.[6]

The government and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) developed a multidimensional approach to tackle child poverty.[7] “If children grow up in poverty, they are more likely to be poor in adulthood as well. Reducing child poverty will, therefore, not only improve children’s lives today, but also contribute to reducing adult poverty in the long run”.[7] stated Jesper Morch, UNICEF Representative in Vietnam.

References
  1. Worldbank Data-Vietnam.Retrieved on 12 February 2012
  2. VLSS 1992/93, 1997/98; VHLSS 2002, 2004
  3. UN-Vietnam-Basic Statistics.Retrieved on 12 February 2012.
  4. World Bank-Rural Poverty in Viet Nam.Retrieved on 12 February 2012.
  5. Nguyen, Ngoc P. "Childhood Poverty in Vietnam: A Review" (PDF). Young Lives. Oxford Department of International Development. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  6. UNICEF-Child Poverty in East Asia and Pacific.Retrieved on 13 February 2012.
  7. Hung, Dr. "New approach to child poverty developed for Viet Nam". The United Nations in Viet Nam. Retrieved 2019-01-06.
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