Socialist Party of Yugoslavia
The Socialist Party of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian: Socijalistička partija Jugoslavije, Социјалистичка партија Југославије) was a political party in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The party was founded on 18 December 1921[1] with Živko Topalović as the secretary[2] and Vilim Bukšeg as the president of the party.[3]
Socialist Party of Yugoslavia | |
|---|---|
| Leader | Vitomir Korać Živko Topalović |
| Founded | 18 December 1921 |
| Dissolved | 1941 |
| Merger of | Socialist Workers Party of Yugoslavia Yugoslav Social-Democratic Party Social Democratic Party of Yugoslavia |
| Newspaper | Radničke novine |
| Youth wing | Socialist Youth League of Yugoslavia (1921) |
| Ideology | Social democracy Republicanism |
| Political position | Left-wing |
| International affiliation | Labour and Socialist International |
Foundation
The party emerged from a process of unification of three groups: the centrumaši (the 'centrists'), Vitomir Korać's right-wing social democrats and the Yugoslav Social-Democratic Party from Slovenia. The centrists was a group that emerged from the nascent Communist Party of Yugoslavia.
The centrists had proposed that the Communist Party should tone down its revolutionary line, seek cooperation with the government and distance itself from the Communist International, in order to save the party from the harsh repression inflicted upon it. After having made these proposals public in a 'Manifesto of the Opposition' (issued in November 1920, signed by 115 persons), they were all promptly expelled from the Communist Party. Initially the centrists tried to stay clear from both the social democrats and the communists, and in March 1921 they formed the Socialist Workers Party of Yugoslavia. But this endeavour soon proved fruitless, and the centrists found themselves obliged to merge with Korać's Social Democratic Party of Yugoslavia, formed in April 1920. However, some centrists would remain opposed to this merger.[1]
Further development
As of the late 1920s, the party claimed a membership of around 4,000, out of whom 300 were women. The youth organization of the party had around 1,500 members. The party got around 25,000 votes in the 1927 municipal election, and won around 100 seats in local councils around the country. In the parliamentary election the same year one candidate of the party, Jossif Petejan, was elected.[4]
During Milan Stojadinović's reign, the party opposed the introduction of a fascist-style form of government, modelled after Italy or Germany.[5]
During the Second World War, Topalović became a close associate with the Chetnik leader Draža Mihailović. Topalović became the president of the Ba Congress assembled by Mihailović.[6][7]
International affiliation
The party was a member of the Labour and Socialist International between 1923 and 1929, and again between 1934 and 1940.[8]
Press
The main organ of the party was the weekly newspaper Radničke Novine, published from Belgrade. Other weekly newspapers of the paper were Delavec (Ljubljana), Delavska Politika (Maribor) and Radničke Novine (Zagreb). The party also published the German-language biweekly Volksstimme from Maribor.[9]
References
- Banac, Ivo (1984). The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. pp. 198–199. ISBN 0801494931.
- "Živko Topalović Papers". International Institute of Social History. Archived from the original on 2010-12-16. Retrieved 2010-01-15.
- Lane, A. Thomas (1995). "1. A–L". Biographical Dictionary of European Labor Leaders. Westport, Conn. [u.a.]: Greenwood Press. pp. 161–162. ISBN 9780313264566.
- Labour and Socialist International. Kongress-Protokolle der Sozialistischen Arbeiter-Internationale - B. 3.1 Brüssel 1928. Glashütten im Taunus: D. Auvermann, 1974. pp. IV. 79-81
- Barlas, Dilek. Etatism and Diplomacy in Turkey: Economic and Foreign Policy Strategies in an Uncertain World, 1929-1939. Leiden: Brill, 1998. p. 39
- Pavlowitch 2002, p. 152.
- Pavlowitch, Stevan K. Hitler's New Disorder: The Second World War in Yugoslavia. New York: Columbia University Press, 2008. p. 289
- Kowalski, Werner. Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923 - 19. Berlin: Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften, 1985.
- Labour and Socialist International. The Socialist Press – The press of the parties affiliated to the Labour and Socialist International. Series 3 – No. 4. Zürich, April 1933. p. 78
Sources
- Toma Milenković, Socijalistička partija Jugoslavije (1921–1929), "Institut za suvremenu istoriju", Beograd, 1974.
- Pavlowitch, Stevan K. (2002). Serbia: The History behind the Name. London: Hurst & Company. ISBN 9781850654773.