Sofia Halechko

Sofia Halechko (1891–1918) was an Austro-Hungarian soldier and Ukrainian nationalist that was a member of the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen during World War I. Her first language was Polish but hoped of achieving independence for Ukrainians and joined the riflemen to do so.

Sofia Halechko
Halechko c. 1917[1]
Born1891
Died1918 (aged 26–27)
NationalityAustria-Hungary
Other namesSophia Halechko
OccupationSoldier
Known forUkrainian Sich Riflemen
PartnerAndriy Kurovets
Halechko on a 1915 postcard

Life

Halechko was born in 1891.[2] Her first language was Polish, and her family's culture was Ukrainian-Polish.[3] She was schooled at the Polish-speaking Juliusz Słowacki Girls Gymnasium in Lviv. She went on to study philosophy in Graz, where she became involved with the Sich Society.[3] When her boyfriend Andriy Kurovets died, she decided to join the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen.[3] She and Pavlyna Mychailyshyn joined to fight for the Austro-Hungarians against Russia because they hoped that the war would lead to independence for the Ukrainian people.[4]

The riflemen were formed in 1914 out of volunteers from the Ukrainian-speaking part of Austria-Hungary. A number of these recruits had previously been university students.[5][3] The Austro-Hungarians allowed this new regiment of Ukrainians, but they limited its size to 2,000 soldiers and only 60 officers. This was not because of a lack of volunteers but because they were concerned that they would be creating an independent army loyal to a Ukrainian nationalist cause. The regiment was armed with decades-old single-loading muskets.[5] The volunteer riflemen were mainly all men, with an estimated 34 women also being a part of the regiment.[6] Hanna Dmyterko, Pavlyna Mychailyshyn, Iryna Kus, Sofia Halechko, Olha Basarab, and Olena Stepaniv are among those noted as being in the regiment.[4][5][7]

Women in the regiment were renowned, and among them, Olena Stepaniv became the most famous.[2] Others like Halechko appeared on postcards.[1] Both Halechko and Stepaniv were notably put in charge of detachments of riflemen.[8] Halechko and Pavlyna Mychailyshyn were assigned relatively safer posts to reduce the possibility of them being captured by the Russians.[9]

Halechko died in 1918 at the age of 26 or 27.[2] Sixty years later, the fourth conference of Ukrainian seniors at Soyuzivka noted her contributions to the riflemen and the Ukrainian people.[9]

See also

References
  1. "1917 Officer Cadet Miss Sofia Halechko, Ukrainian Sich Riflemen Legion Official Postcard, USS, UPA Ukrainian Insurgent Army (Type 6h) | oldbid". oldbid.com. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  2. Wolynetz, Lobow (2015). "The Role of Dedicated Ukrainian Women in World War 1" (PDF). The Ukrainian Museum and Library of Stamford. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 March 2017. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  3. "Country of Roxolania: Ukrainian Women in the First World War – Forgotten Galicia". Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  4. Wouters, Nico; Ypersele, Laurence van (23 January 2020). Nations, Identities and the First World War: Shifting Loyalties to the Fatherland. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 122. ISBN 978-1-350-14621-1. Archived from the original on 22 May 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  5. Katchanovski, Ivan; Kohut, Zenon E.; Nebesio, Bohdan Y.; Yurkevich, Myroslav (11 July 2013). Historical Dictionary of Ukraine. Scarecrow Press. p. 706. ISBN 978-0-8108-7847-1. Archived from the original on 22 May 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  6. Maryana Baidak (13 October 2016). "Втеча і повернення: українки в лавах Січових стрільців". uamoderna.com (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 4 April 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.Translation Archived 22 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine
  7. "Basarab, Olha". www.encyclopediaofukraine.com. Archived from the original on 22 April 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  8. Borodziej, Włodzimierz; Górny, Maciej (April 2021). The Great War in East-Central Europe: Central and Eastern Europe, 1912–1916. Cambridge University Press. p. 182. ISBN 978-1-108-83715-6. Archived from the original on 22 May 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  9. Burbella, Marion Kushnir (18 June 1978). "Fourth conference of Ukrainian seniors at Soyuzivka" (PDF). The Ukrainian Weekly. p. 7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 March 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
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