Federation of South Arabia

The Federation of South Arabia (FSA) (Arabic: اتحاد الجنوب العربي Ittiḥād al-Janūb al-‘Arabī) was a federal state under British protection in what would become South Yemen. Its capital was Aden.[1]

For the history of the Federation, see History of Yemen.
Federation of South Arabia
اتحاد الجنوب العربي
Ittiḥād al-Janūb al-‘Arabī
1962–1967
Flag of South Arabia
Flag
Emblem of South Arabia
Emblem
StatusBritish protectorate
CapitalAden
Common languagesArabic
English
South Arabian
GovernmentFederal monarchy
High Commissioner 
• 1963
Sir Charles Johnston
• 1963–1964
Sir Kennedy Trevaskis
• 1964–1967
Sir Richard Turnbull
• 1967
Sir Humphrey Trevelyan
Chief Minister 
• 1963
Hassan Ali Bayumi
• 1963–1965
Zayn Abdu Baharun
• 1965
Abdul-Qawi Hassan Makkawi
• 1965–1966
Ali Musa al-Babakr
• 1966–1967
Salih al-Awadli
Historical eraCold War
• Established
4 April 1962
• Independence
30 November 1967
CurrencySouth Arabian dinar
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Colony of Aden
Federation of Arab Emirates of the South
Upper Aulaqi Sultanate
South Yemen
Map of the Federation and the Protectorate of South Arabia.
Military event held in the Fadhli Sultanate to celebrate the new Federation

History

It was formed on 4 April 1962 from the 15 protected states of the Federation of Arab Emirates of the South. The State of Aden, formerly Aden Colony, joined the Federation on 18 January 1963. In June 1964, the Upper Aulaqi Sultanate was added for a total of 17 states. A team was sent to the 1966 Commonwealth Games in Kingston, Jamaica. The Federation was abolished on 30 November 1967, when its status as a British protectorate came to an end, along with that of the Protectorate of South Arabia, and they became the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen.

States
Flag Name Established Joined Notes
State of Aden 1963
Alawi Sheikhdom unknown
Aqrabi Sheikhdom 1770
Audhali Sultanate 18th century
Emirate of Beihan 1680
Dathina Sheikhdom 18th century
Emirate of Dhala early 19th century
Fadhli Sultanate 17th century
Haushabi Sultanate 18th century
Sultanate of Lahej 1728 1872 formerly ruled over Aden
 Lower Aulaqi Sultanate 18th century
Sultanate of Lower Yafa ca. 1800
Muflahi Sheikhdom 1850
Sheikhdom of Shaib 18th century
Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom 18th century
Upper Aulaqi Sultanate 18th century
Wahidi Sultanate 1830 consisted originally of four sub-sultanates: Wahidi Balhaf, Wahidi Azzan, Wahidi Bir Ali, Wahidi Haban

List of rulers
StateRulerDeposedHouseReignRef(s)
Audhali Salih ibn al-Husayn 17 September 1967Al AudhaliLast reigning Sultan (1928–1967).[2]
Lower Aulaqi Nasir ibn Aidrus 29 November 1967Al AwlaqiLast reigning Sultan (1947–1967).[2]
Upper Aulaqi Awad ibn Salih 29 November 1967Al AwlaqiLast reigning Sultan (1935–1967).[2]
Beihan Saleh bin al-Husayn 28 August 1967Al HabieliLast reigning Emir (1935–1967).[2]
Dhala Shafaul ibn Ali Shaif 17 August 1967Al AmiriLast reigning Emir (1954–1967).[2]
Fadhli Nasir bin Abdullah 29 November 1967Al FadhliLast reigning Sultan (1964–1967).[2]
Haushabi Faisal bin Surur 29 November 1967Al HaushabiLast reigning Sultan (1955–1967).[2]
Lahej Fadhl VI bin Ali 17 August 1967 [as 1]Al AbdaliLast reigning Sultan (1958–1967).[2]
Wahidi Balhaf[as 2] Ali ibn Muhammad 17 August 1967[as 3]Al WahidiLast governing Hakim (1967).[2]
Wahidi Bir Ali Alawi ibn Salih 29 November 1967[as 4]Last reigning Sultan (1955–1967).[2]
Wahidi Haban Husayn ibn Abdullah 29 November 1967[as 5]Last reigning Sultan (until 1967).[2]
Lower Yafa Mahmud ibn Aidrus 28 August 1967[as 6]Al Afifi[as 7]Last reigning Sultan (1954–1967).[2]
  1. Prior to his formal ascension to the throne, he had served as prince regent since 10 July 1958.[2]
  2. Known as Balhaf and Azzan from 1881, signifying Balhaf's merge with Wahidi Azzan. Known simply as Wahidi from 1962, when the sultanates of Wahidi Bir Ali and Wahidi Haban were made subordinate.[2]
  3. Prince Ali held the position of hakim (regent) from 20 February 1967 until the sultanate's abolition in August of the same year. He was never crowned sultan.[2]
  4. Alawi previously reigned as sultan from 1955 until the monarchy was abolished in 1967. Before his reign ended, he was made subordinate to the Sultan of Balhaf and Azzan on 23 October 1962.[2]
  5. Husayn had previously reigned as sultan prior to the monarchy's abolition in 1967. Before his reign ended, he was made subordinate to the Sultan of Balhaf and Azzan on 23 October 1962.[2]
  6. Mahmud previously reigned as sultan from 1954 until the monarchy was deposed in 1967. His reign was not initially recognised by the British government, which continued to recognise his still-living father and predecessor as sultan until 1958.[2]
  7. A clan of the Yafa tribe. The Yafai are divided into ten sheikhdoms that were spread across the former sultanates of Lower Yafa and Upper Yafa.[3]

Chief Ministers
  • Hassan Ali Bayumi (18 January 1963 – 24 June 1963)
  • Zayn Abdu Baharun (9 July 1963 – 23 January 1965)
  • Abdul-Qawi Hassan Makkawi (7 March 1965 – 25 September 1965)
  • Ali Musa al-Babakr (25 September 1965 – 30 August 1966)
  • Salih al-Awadli (30 August 1966 – 30 November 1967)

High Commissioners
Main article: List of British representatives at Aden

Postage stamps
Two values of the 1965 definitives used at Aden

The Federation issued its own Adeni postage stamps from 1963 to 1966. Most of its issues were part of the omnibus issues common to all the Commonwealth territories, but it did issue its own definitive stamps on 1 April 1965. The set of 14 included 10 values, from 5 to 75 fils, each depicting the arms of the Federation in a single color, while the top four values (100 fils, 250 fils, 500 fils, and 1 dinar), featured the flag of the Federation.

The stamps referred to above are those listed in the Scott Standard Postage Stamp Catalog. A number of other stamps have also been issued and are listed in Stanley Gibbons and other widely used stamp catalogs. It is possible, or even likely, that some of the stamps of South Arabia were not issued primarily for postal use.

See also

References
  1. Parliament Building in Al Ittihad, the capital of the Federation of South Arabia
  2. Cahoon, Ben. "States of the Aden Protectorates". World Statesmen.org. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
  3. A Collection of First World War Military Handbooks of Arabia, 1913–1917. Vol. 3. Archive Editions. 1988. pp. 84–93. ISBN 978-1-85207-086-1.

Further reading
  • Paul Dresch. A History of Modern Yemen. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
  • R.J. Gavin. Aden Under British Rule: 1839-1967. London: C. Hurst & Company, 1975.
  • Tom Little. South Arabia: Arena of Conflict. London: Pall Mall Press, 1968.

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