Southport Pier

Pier and bridge, c. 1890–1900

Proposals for a pier in Southport were first suggested in 1844, in conjunction with a potential railway from Manchester,[9] with a committee formed in 1852 to help promote its construction.[10] Following debates throughout the following few years about what its intended usage should be, the Southport Pier company was formed in March 1859 with a £12,000 capital. The cost to build the pier was estimated at £8000 (equivalent to £852,525 in 2021), eventually rising to £8700 (equivalent to £927,121 in 2021) with construction work commencing in August 1859. The pier's primary purpose was to be a promenade as opposed to a ship docking pier, and thus is considered to be the country's first pleasure pier.[10]

Southport Pier opening ceremony, 1860

A year later, on 2 August 1860, the pier was officially opened with a grand procession; at a length of 1,100 metres (3,600 ft) it was the second-longest[lower-alpha 1][10] and first iron-constructed pleasure pier in the country.[5] Waiting rooms for boat passengers were added during the pier's first few years of operation, and a cable-operated tramway had been installed by 1865. The pier was extended to 1,340 metres (4,380 ft) in 1868[1] and was used by various steamer ships, including those of the Blackpool, Lytham and Southport Steam Packet Company, with services operating from the pier to resorts including Fleetwood and Llandudno.[11]

Visitors to the pier had to pay a toll, priced deliberately high at 6d (equivalent to £2.75 in 2016[12]) to ensure only the most affluent could afford it. As the 1870s progressed, the numbers of working class visitors increased and tolls were reduced to 2d.[6]

Storm damage was a frequent occurrence – several storms caused damage to the pier's foundations and buildings throughout the late 1880s and early 1890s. A fire in September 1897 destroyed the original pavilion; its replacement was opened in January 1902 and considered grander, with the inclusion of an auditorium.[6]

A popular attraction from 1903 were an array of divers, typically diving from the tea house roof several times daily; the most popular and longest-serving were Professors Osbourne and Powsey, the latter frequently jumping off the pier on a bicycle.[13] From 1906, the newly constructed pavilion was leased out to play host to a variety of entertainers, including Charlie Chaplin and George Robey. Following the First World War, the pavilion was renamed the Casino and its main attraction on offer was dancing. This period was a financial success for the pier, with a net profit of £9155 (equivalent to £958,387 in 2021) in 1913 and an annual average profit of £6750 (equivalent to £409,576 in 2021) during the 1920s.[14]

By the early 1920s, silting in the water channel allowed for land reclamation, whilst it became more and more difficult for steamer ships to reach the pier; the service ceased entirely in 1929.[14] Profits fell during the 1930s depression, compounded with a large fire in July 1933 destroying the pier head. The cost of damage was estimated at £6000 (equivalent to £453,169 in 2021) which was unaffordable to the Southport Pier Company, who ended up selling the pier to Southport Corporation in June 1936 for £34,744 (equivalent to £2,511,511 in 2021).[7]

The pier was closed to the public during the Second World War to house and operate searchlights to detect enemy aircraft travelling to Liverpool docks, yet was not physically separated from the land like other piers were during this time.[4] The pier did not reopen again until 1950[15] and in June 1959, suffered a significant fire which destroyed 460 square metres (5,000 sq ft) of decking, reducing its length to the present day 3,633 feet (1,107 m)[1] and for a period of time making it the third longest pier after Herne Bay Pier, until that was destroyed by a storm in 1978.[7] Sefton Council acquired ownership of the pier in 1974 following national reorganisation of local government[16] and it was designated as a Grade II listed structure on 18 August 1975[2] despite being in a state of deterioration. A grant of £62,400 (equivalent to £224,002 in 2021) was awarded in 1983 by the European Regional Development Fund to strengthen the pier's structure.[17]

The pier in 2000, shortly before restoration

Deterioration continued during the latter 20th century and worsened by a storm in 1989, causing extensive damage. Despite its listed status, Sefton Council sought to demolish the pier in December 1990 due to the rising cost of repairs and maintenance, yet was defeated by a single vote.[5] Operating at an annual loss of £100,000[16] and with estimates close to £1 million to secure the future of the pier, plus a further £250,000 required every five years for repainting, a charitable trust was formed in 1993 to upkeep the pier; various funding was secured in the subsequent years to maintain the pier's operation.[1] In February 1997, a grant of £34,000 (equivalent to £65,830 in 2021) was provided from lottery funding in order for a structural survey to be undertaken,[18] confirming the pier's then poor condition and recommending its closure.[19] In October 1998, the pier received a heritage grant of £1.7 million from the Heritage Lottery Fund, awarded to support restoration and access.[20]

The modern pier pavilion, pictured in 2010

After falling into disrepair and subsequently closing, work to restore the pier began in 2000 and was completed in 2002, opening to the public in May 2002 with the restoration costing £7.2 million, complete with a new tram.[21] Restoration of the pier formed part of a wider redevelopment strategy, including a new sea wall to help prevent flooding, landscaping around the pier and a new £28 million Ocean Plaza shopping complex.[22]

The pier today is an open structure, with modern railings on an older base and a deck made of hardwood slats, affording a partial view of the sea below.[23] Along the walkway are name plaques that local people funded to help towards raising the restoration funds.[24] The modern pavilion structure at the pier head was designed by Liverpool architects Shed KM and cost £1.2 million; the building houses a cafeteria with airport style floor to ceiling windows overlooking the beach[23] and a collection of vintage mechanical amusement machines and penny arcade. The exhibition of Edwardian and Victorian machines operates on pre-decimalisation pennies,[21] available to purchase on-site at £1 for 10 old pennies.[24]

Plans were announced in April 2017 to renovate the pier as part of a £2.9 million makeover, with two-thirds of the cost coming from the Coastal Communities Fund to include repairs and new retail units. Additionally, the council seek to undertake repainting and mechanical works, as well as pavilion improvements and providing easier access to the pier from the beach.[25] During 2022, the decking appeared to be rotting and unstable , and as a precaution the whole pier was closed to the public - pending repair.