Spiranthes odorata

Spiranthes odorata
Conservation status
	; Secure (NatureServe)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Orchidaceae
Subfamily:	Orchidoideae
Tribe:	Cranichideae
Genus:	Spiranthes
Species:	S. odorata
Binomial name
	Spiranthes odorata; Nutt.

Spiranthes odorata, marsh lady's tresses[1] or common lady's tresses,[2] is a species of flowering plant in the orchid family, native to the southeastern United States, from Texas eastwards and northwards to Delaware.[1] It grows in moist, partially shaded environments with acidic or neutral soil.

An herbaceous perennial, this orchid grows up to 50 cm (20 in) tall and broad. The flowers are borne in dense vertical rows on sturdy green spikes, in a slightly twisted pattern (hence Spiranthes, "twisted flower"). This effect is due to uneven cell growth. The flowers, which appear in late summer and autumn, are white, hooded and fragrant (hence the specific epithet odorata).

This plant is pollinated by bumblebees, notably Bombus pensylvanicus, Bombus fervidus, Bombus impatiens, and Bombus nevadensis.[3]

In the UK, the cultivar ‘Chadd’s Ford’ has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit.[4][5] Requiring a fertile soil in partial shade, it is hardy down to −10 °C (14 °F), but in frosty areas needs a dry mulch during the winter months. Botanically it is not actually a Spiranthes odorata but a different species called Spiranthes bightensis.[6]

References

USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Spiranthes odorata". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
"Spiranthes odorata". Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
"Spiranthes odorata". Go Orchids. North American Orchid Conservation Center. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
"RHS Plantfinder - Spiranthes odorata 'Chadd's Ford'". Retrieved 16 November 2018.
"AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 99. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
PACE, MATTHEW C. (30 April 2021). "Spiranthes bightensis (Orchidaceae), a New and Rare Cryptic Hybrid Species Endemic to the U. S. Mid-Atlantic Coast". Phytotaxa. 498 (3): 159–176. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.498.3.2. Retrieved 17 March 2022.

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[PLANTS-1] USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Spiranthes odorata". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 27 November 2015.

[MBG-2] "Spiranthes odorata". Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 23 October 2019.

[3] "Spiranthes odorata". Go Orchids. North American Orchid Conservation Center. Retrieved 24 October 2019.

[RHSPF-4] "RHS Plantfinder - Spiranthes odorata 'Chadd's Ford'". Retrieved 16 November 2018.

[5] "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 99. Retrieved 16 November 2018.

[pace-6] PACE, MATTHEW C. (30 April 2021). "Spiranthes bightensis (Orchidaceae), a New and Rare Cryptic Hybrid Species Endemic to the U. S. Mid-Atlantic Coast". Phytotaxa. 498 (3): 159–176. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.498.3.2. Retrieved 17 March 2022.