Cathedral Basilica of St. Peter in Chains

The Cathedral Basilica of Saint Peter in Chains is a Catholic cathedral of the Latin Church in the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The basilica is a Greek revival structure located at 8th and Plum streets in downtown Cincinnati, Ohio in the United States. It is dedicated to Saint Peter's imprisonment and liberation.

"St. Peter in Chains Cathedral" and similar terms redirect here. For the cathedral in Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, see Cathedral of St. Peter-in-Chains.
St. Peter-in-Chains Cathedral
Cathedral Basilica of St. Peter in Chains in downtown Cincinnati
LocationCincinnati, Ohio
Coordinates39°6′13.89″N 84°31′8.70″W
Built1841-1845
ArchitectHenry Walter[1]
Edward J. Schulte (renovation)[2]
Architectural styleGreek Revival[1]
NRHP reference No.73001469[1]
Added to NRHPJanuary 18, 1973[1]

The church's cornerstone was laid on May 20, 1841, under the direction of then-bishop—later archbishop—John Baptist Purcell, and the church was formally dedicated on November 2, 1845, as the first large church west of the Allegheny Mountains.[3] On June 29, 2020, Pope Francis conferred the title of minor basilica on St. Peter in Chains.[4]

Architecture
The interior of the basilica

St. Peter in Chains' striking single spire, made of pure white limestone, rises 224 feet (68 m)[5] above street level, which made the church the tallest man-made structure in the city for many decades. The columns are 33 feet (10 m) high, symbolizing the number of years in Jesus' life.[3]

The interior of St. Peter in Chains is distinctly unique among Roman Catholic cathedrals in America, with its Greek-themed mosaics depicting the Stations of the Cross, its ornate Corinthian columns and its massive bronze doors. The crucifix is by Benvenuto Cellini, the murals by Carl Zimmerman and the mosaic in the apse is the work of Anton Wendling.[2]

History

The first Catholic church in Cincinnati was Christ Church, originally located at Liberty and Vine streets, then later at 6th and Sycamore streets, at what is now the site of St. Francis Xavier Church. Christ Church served as the young diocese's de facto cathedral until the first St. Peter's Cathedral was built on the site. St. Peter's was dedicated on December 17, 1826, becoming the seat of the diocese.[3]

The second and current St. Peter's Cathedral was dedicated in 1845.[3] The large stone angels that flanked the main altar were created by Odoardo Fantacchiotti in the late 1840s.[6] They were among the first European sculptures to come to Cincinnati and now grace the Cincinnati Art Museum.[7][8]

By the 1930s, St. Peter in Chains had become dilapidated, its signature white limestone covered in soot. In 1938, Archbishop John T. McNicholas moved the archdiocesan seat from St. Peter in Chains to the more modern St. Monica's in the Clifton Heights neighborhood north of downtown. St. Peter in Chains deteriorated further as an ordinary parish church. In the mid-1950s, under Archbishop Karl Joseph Alter's urban-renewal program and in accordance with the city's master plan, St. Peter in Chains underwent significant restoration and expansion. Architect Edward J. Schulte designed new transepts, a rectory, a sacristy, and archdiocesan offices. The church was re-dedicated as a cathedral on November 3, 1957, amid celebration and fanfare.[3]

In 1977, the cathedral hosted a visit from Polish Archbishop Karol Wojtyla, who the following year became Pope John Paul II. To date, more than two dozen Roman Catholic bishops have been consecrated within its walls, and the cathedral is a popular venue for weddings, as well as the annual ordination of the archdiocese's priests and deacons.

See also

References
  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. June 30, 2007.
  2. Dorsey, Robert W., ed. (1987). Architecture and Construction in Cincinnati:Guide to Buildings, Designers & Builders. The Architectural Foundation of Cincinnati. p. 81.
  3. Finke, Gail (October 2017). "Sixty years and counting: Cincinnati's renovated cathedral remains a neo-classical gem". The Catholic Telegraph. Vol. 186, no. 10. pp. 14, 21.
  4. "Pope Francis Designates the Cathedral of St. Peter in Chains a Minor Basilica". The Catholic Telegraph. August 15, 2020. Retrieved 2021-11-30.
  5. Foster, Ellsworth D.; Hughes, James Laughlin (1922). The American Educator. Ralph Durham Company. p. 823.
  6. Rolfes, Steven (October 29, 2012). Cincinnati Landmarks. Arcadia Publishing. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-7385-9395-1. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  7. "About the Collection: Praying Angel". Cincinnati Art Museum. Archived from the original on 2016-03-10. Retrieved 2016-03-04.
  8. "About the Collection: Adoring Angel". Cincinnati Art Museum. Archived from the original on 2016-03-10. Retrieved 2016-03-04.
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