Băiuț

Băiuț (Hungarian: Erzsébetbánya) is a commune in Maramureș County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Baiuț, Strâmbu-Băiuț (Kohóvölgy), and Poiana Botizii (Rákosfalva).

Băiuț
Erzsébetbánya
Commune

From top, left to right: Strâmbului valley, Poiana Botizii village, Poiana Botizii wooden church
Coat of arms of Băiuț
Coat of arms
Location in Maramureș County
Location in Maramureș County
Băiuț is located in Romania
Băiuț
Băiuț
Location in Romania
Coordinates: 47°36′50″N 23°59′45″E
CountryRomania
CountyMaramureș
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2024) Viorica Maciuc[1] (PNL)
Area
113.60 km2 (43.86 sq mi)
Elevation
600 m (2,000 ft)
Population
 (2011-10-31)[2]
2,340
 • Density21/km2 (53/sq mi)
Time zoneEET/EEST (UTC+2/+3)
Vehicle reg.MM
Websitewww.comunabaiut.ro

History

Over the course of its history, the village of Băiuț has been known as Lápos-Bánya (1630), Bajutze (1850) and Oláh Lápos-Bánya or Băiuța (1854). The names all derive from the Băiuț Mine, an important landmark in the area. The settlement was also known as Erzsebetbanya, since it used to be the location of many properties of Elizabeth Szilágyi, wife of John Hunyadi and mother of Matthias Corvinus.[3]

The first documented mention of the village was in 1630, while mining activities are known to have taken place here since 1315. However, skeletal remains of animals and traces of human activity in the Poiana Botizii cave dating back to the Upper Paleolithic, indicate the area was populated long before that.[3]

The village Poiana Botizii was first documented as Botiz in 1344. In 1750, it was known as Pojana Zseler, in 1830 it was renamed to Batspojana, Batiz Polyan in 1835, and finally, in 1850, it became known by the Romanian name Poiana Botizii.[3]

Strâmbu-Băiuț village was previously named Strambulu (1835), Strimbuy (1850), Sztrimbuly, Strâmbul Băiuțului, Horgospataka – Pârâul lui Horgos and Kohovolgy – Valea Furnalului (1854), names tied to the iron mine and forge there.[3]

Geography
Commune map

The commune is situated in the central part of the county, on the upper course of the Lăpuș River, 80 km (50 mi) southeast of the city of Baia Mare. It neighbors Budești commune to the north, Botiza commune to the east, Lăpuș commune to the south-east, Cupșeni commune to the south-west, as well as Cernești commune and the town of Cavnic to the west. The commune is at an altitude of 600 m (2,000 ft).

Villages

Băiuț commune is made up of three villages:

  • Băiuț (commune seat)
  • Poiana Botizii
  • Strâmbu-Băiuţ

Economy
Stibnite-calcite from the Breiner Mine in Băiuț

Mining

Mining was the main economic activity in the area for much of its history. The gold here made the Băiuț mines an economically significant area in the Kingdom of Hungary.[4] In the years after the Romanian Revolution, around 1,200 miners from Băiuț as well as nearby villages worked in the mines in the commune.[5]

Around the year 2009, mining in Băiuț stopped.[6] Economic life slowed down considerably, as employment fell.[4][5][7]

On the 27th of March 2018, at around 3:30 am, a powerful noise followed by flooding with pit water from the shut-down Breiner Mine hit Băiuț.[8]

The acidic water, polluted by iron, manganese, and zinc, made its way into the nearby Lăpuș River. Authorities estimate the wildlife damage at one tonne of killed fish. Following the accident, the Maramureș County Prefect, Vasile Moldovan, requested that the company responsible for shutting down the commune's mines, Conversmin, pay for the repopulation of the river.[9]

Demographics

Ethnicity

At the 2011 census, 64.8% of inhabitants were Romanians and 34.8% Hungarians.

Religion

Administration and Politics

As a result of the 2020 Romanian local elections, Viorica Maciuc of the National Liberal Party was elected as mayor of Băiuț commune.

Mayors of Băiuț commune
Name Party Term
Viorica Maciuc PNL 2020-2024
Mihai Ceteraș PSD 2016-2020
2012-2016
PC 2008-2012
Viorica Coc PNL 2004-2008
2000-2004
Local Council of Băiuț commune
Party Seats
National Liberal Party 3
Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania 2
Coalition for Maramureș
(Social Democratic Party-led coalition)		 2
PRO Romania 1
Save Romania Union 1
Ecologist Party of Romania 1
People's Movement Party 1

Natives

Sights
Wooden church in Poiana Botizii
  • Wooden Church in Poiana Botizii, built in the 19th century (1825), historic monument
  • Black Pond Nature Reserve (1,00 ha), natural monument[10]
  • “Botiza Glade” Bone Cave Nature Reserve (0,50 ha), natural monument[11]

References
  1. "Results of the 2020 local elections". Central Electoral Bureau. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  2. "Populaţia stabilă pe judeţe, municipii, oraşe şi localităti componenete la RPL_2011" (XLS). National Institute of Statistics.
  3. "Istoric" [History]. Băiuț commune official website (in Romanian).
  4. Islea, Marian (2011-03-07). "Despre mineritul de altădată din Cavnic si Băiuț" [About the old mining in Cavnic and Băiuț]. Informația Zilei (in Romanian).
  5. Vancea, Ciprian (2017-07-25). "Comuna Băiuţ, "moartă" fără minerit!" [Băiuț commune, "dead" without mining!]. Graiul Maramureșului (in Romanian).
  6. Teremtus, Nicolae (2019-08-17). "Ziua Minerului, o dată în calendar şi-atât!" [Miner's Day, a day in the calendar and nothing else!]. Gazeta de Maramureș (The Maramureș Gazette) (in Romanian).
  7. "Mineri transformați în ciobani păstoresc la stâna… primăriei din Băiuț" [Miners transformed into shepherds tend to the sheepfold... of the Băiuț town hall]. eMaramureș (eMM) (in Romanian). 2010-06-09.
  8. "Un nou accident ecologic la o veche mină din Maramureș" [A new ecological accident at an old mine in Maramureș]. declic.ro (in Romanian). 2018-03-29.
  9. Felseghi, Bianca (2018-04-03). "Băiuț este o mică parte din marele bai". PressOne (in Romanian).
  10. marasilva.ro - Maramureș Forest Directorate; retrieved on May 27, 2012
  11. marasilva.ro - Botiza Glade Bone Cave, Maramureș Forest Directorate; retrieved on May 27, 2012
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