Sucre Department

Sucre (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsukɾe]) is a department in the Caribbean Region of Colombia. The department ranks 27th by area, 10,670 km2 (4,120 sq mi) and it has a population of 904,863, ranking 20th of all the 32 departments of Colombia. Sucre is bordered by the Caribbean on the northwest; by Bolívar Department on the east and by Córdoba Department on the west.

This article is about the Colombian department. For other uses, see Sucre (disambiguation).
Sucre Department
Departamento de Sucre
Department
Flag of Sucre Department
Flag
Coat of arms of Sucre Department
Coat of arms
Sucre shown in red
Sucre shown in red
Topography of the department
Topography of the department
Coordinates: 9°18′N 75°24′W
Country Colombia
RegionCaribbean Region
EstablishedAugust 18, 1966
CapitalSincelejo
Largest citySincelejo
Government
 • GovernorEdgar Enrique Martinez Romero (2016-2019)
Area
 • Total10,917 km2 (4,215 sq mi)
 • Rank27th
Population
 (2018)[1]
 • Total904,863
 • Rank21st
 • Density83/km2 (210/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC-05
ISO 3166 codeCO-SUC
Municipalities26
HDI (2019)0.744[2]
high · 19th of 33
Websitewww.sucre.gov.co

Sucre was named in honor of the Independence hero Antonio José de Sucre who was quoted by the founders of this department in reference to Simón Bolívar's death as saying "They have killed my heart", expression said while cruising the territory of the present day Sucre Department.

As of 2009, the Sucre Department has an estimated population of 802,733, of which 234,886 are in the department capital Sincelejo, according to the DANE projections.

History

Pre-Columbian

Before the Spanish Conquest, the land comprising the department of Sucre was mainly inhabited by two groups of indigenous people — the Zenú and the Turbacos. The Zenú language was perhaps part of the Chibchan language family by the Arhuacos branch. The Turbaco people were part of the Cariban language family and they controlled the area adjacent to the Gulf of Morrosquillo. The Zenú people — by the Finzenú and Panzenú branches — controlled the rest of the territory, which used to be part of a bigger territory along the current department of Córdoba and parts of Bolívar and Antioquia sometimes known as Zenú kingdom or Zenú nation.

The area adjacent to the coast was inhabited by the Turbaco people and it was the border lands of the Carib's territories in the Cariibean Coast of Colombia. This specific part of the Carib's included the coasts of the present day departments of Magdalena, Atlántico and Bolívar.

The Zenú engineers were able to develop a complicated hydraulic infrastructure in the basin of the San Jorge river — they also worked in the basin of the Sinú river in lands of the Córdoba Department — involving flood control works as well as drainage and irrigation systems.[3]

Colonization
See also: Sincelejo

The first Spanish conquerors that sighted to the coastline of the present day Sucre Department were Alonso de Ojeda, Juan de la Cosa, Rodrigo de Bastidas and Francisco Cesar around 1499.

The conquerors thought the territory to be rich in precious metals since, but soon they would find out they were wrong about that. This situation led to the encomenderos to employ the indigenous workforce almost exclusively for cattle rising on the northern areas.

The territory had been under the tutelage of the government settled in Cartagena – except a brief period of time when it was under the jurisdiction of the central government in Bogotá – this control was effective by several denominations while the country evolved from its colonial institutions until its final republican form in 1886 and until the establishment of Sucre as a department independent from Bolivar.

Date Territory
1535 Province of Cartagena (art of the Audience of Panama)
17th-18th centuries Province of Cartagena (Part of the New Kingdom of Granada)
1810–1821 Department of Cundinamarca (Part of the Gran Colombia)
1821–1829 Department of Magdalena (Part of the Gran Colombia)
1830–1858 Province of Cartagena(Part of the Republic of New Granada)
1858–1863 Sovereign State of Bolívar (Part of the Granadine Confederation)
1863–1886 Sovereign State of Bolívar (Part of the United States of Colombia)
1886–1966 Departamento de Bolivar (Part of the Republic of Colombia)

Modern history

In 1963, the Second Assembly of Municipalities created the Department of Sucre. People vouched for its creation after a campaign led by CorpoSucre. On July 28, 1966, the Senate of Colombia started a debate on the creation of the department and on August 18 of the same year approved its creation under the 47 Law of 1966 sanctioned by the then-president of Colombia, Carlos Lleras Restrepo.

Geography

Provinces

Sucre is subdivided into 5 regions or provinces:

Municipalities
Map of Municipalities in the Sucre Department.
  1. Buenavista
  2. Caimito
  3. Chalán
  4. Colosó
  5. Corozal
  6. Coveñas
  7. El Roble
  8. Galeras
  9. Guaranda
  10. La Unión
  11. Los Palmitos
  12. Majagual
  13. Morroa
  14. Ovejas
  15. Palmito
  16. Sampués
  17. San Benito Abad
  18. San Juan Betulia
  19. San Marcos
  20. San Onofre
  21. San Pedro
  22. Sincé
  23. Sincelejo
  24. Sucre
  25. Tolú
  26. Toluviejo

Oceanic areas
See also: List of Caribbean islands § Sucre Department

The Archipelago of San Bernardo is within the Sucre Department.

A map of Archipelago of San Bernardo

Demography

According to the 2018 population census results, 12% of the population self identifies as indigenous people, gathering 5.5% of the national indigenous population; also, 11% of the population self identifies as black, creole, palenquero or afrocolombian.[4] Venezuelans started to arrive to the department in 2016 and now represent almost 3% of the population, according to the official figures in 2022. [5]

The rest of the population does not declare any ethnicity and are descentdants mainly from Spanish, Indigenous and Black people; Arabs started to come in big numbers to Colombia after 1880 and they settled particularlly in the Caribbean region of the country, including Sucre, they were mainly Lebanese, Palestinians and Syriacs arrived in smaller numbers, their descendants are estimated to be more than 3 million in the country, their contribution is noticeable in the culture, economy and politics in the Caribbean region. [6]

As of 2022, the population is getting closer to more than 1 million inhabitants as the national and local population growth is propelled by the massive arrival of Venezuelan migrants. During the 80s and 90s the department had high fertility rates and low death rates, in recent years the growth has slowed down as the fertility rate fell below the replacement level and the demographic transition impacts the department. [7]

Almost 32% of the entire population resided in the capital city Sincelejo and 62% of the department population lives in urban areas, specially around the capital city where Corozal, Sampues, Morroa and Los Palmitos are placed, gathering almost half a million people, according to the official population projections. [8]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1973 411,000—    
1985 561,649+36.7%
1990 701,105+24.8%
2005 772,010+10.1%
2018 904,863+17.2%
2022 980,942+8.4%
Source:[9]
Year Average population [10] Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate
1985 590,461 16,396 4,535 11,861 27.8 7.7 20.1 3.44
1986 600,249 16,498 4,421 12,077 27.5 7.4 20.1 3.36
1987 610,197 16,627 4,330 12,297 27.3 7.1 20.2 3.29
1988 620,245 16,745 4,261 12,484 27.0 6.9 20.1 3.23
1989 630,357 16,892 4,208 12,684 26.8 6.7 20.1 3.19
1990 640,539 17,053 4,172 12,881 26.6 6.5 20.1 3.15
1991 650,810 17,166 4,149 13,017 26.4 6.4 20.0 3.12
1992 661,132 17,168 4,136 13,032 26.0 6.3 19.7 3.06
1993 671,156 17,098 4,131 12,967 25.5 6.2 19.3 2.99
1994 681,130 17,025 4,110 12,915 25.0 6.0 19.0 2.93
1995 690,851 16,904 4,100 12,804 24.5 5.9 18.6 2.86
1996 700,342 16,886 4,101 12,785 24.1 5.9 18.2 2.82
1997 709,721 17,006 4,111 12,895 24.0 5.8 18.2 2.81
1998 719,121 17,244 4,131 13,111 24.0 5.7 18.3 2.83
1999 728,579 17,420 4,157 13,263 23.9 5.7 18.2 2.83
2000 738,069 17,605 4,189 13,416 23.9 5.7 18.2 2.84
2001 747,556 17,695 4,226 13,469 23.7 5.7 18.0 2.84
2002 756,956 17,660 4,265 13,395 23.3 5.6 17.7 2.81
2003 766,160 17,522 4,306 13,216 22.9 5.6 17.3 2.76
2004 775,124 17,378 4,349 13,029 22.4 5.6 16.8 2.72
2005 783,535 17,192 4,395 12,797 21.9 5.6 16.3 2.67
2006 792,200 17,030 4,485 12,545 21.5 5.7 15.8 2.63
2007 800,848 16,879 4,579 12,300 21.1 5.7 15.4 2.59
2008 809,414 16,731 4,676 12,055 20.7 5.8 14.9 2.56
2009 817,937 16,603 4,775 11,828 20.3 5.8 14.5 2.52
2010 826,411 16,493 4,878 11,615 20.0 5.9 14.1 2.49
2011 834,736 16,373 4,982 11,391 19.6 6.0 13.6 2.46
2012 842,950 16,248 5,090 11,158 19.3 6.0 13.3 2.43
2013 851,157 16,151 5,198 10,953 19.0 6.1 13.1 2.40
2014 859,324 16,027 5,306 10,721 18.7 6.2 12.5 2.37
2015 867,701 15,913 5,416 10,497 18.3 6.2 12.1 2.34
2016 877,397 15,834 5,533 10,301 18.1 6.3 11.8 2.30
2017 888,638 15,829 5,655 10,174 17.8 6.4 11.4 2.28
2018 904,863 15,882 5,806 10,076 17.6 6.4 11.2 2.24
2019 928,984 16,123 5,884 10,239 17.4 6.3 11.1 2.20
2020 950,612 16,052 6,147 9,905 16.9 6.5 10.4 2.14
2021 966,893 15,268 7,119 8,149 15.8 7.4 8.4 2.01
2022 980,942 15,258 6,675 8,583 15.6 6.8 8.8 1.97

References
  1. "DANE". Archived from the original on November 13, 2009. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
  2. "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 2018-09-13.
  3. (in Spanish) http://fundacionlaberinto.mforos.com/1458445/6872641-departamento-de-sucre/
  4. "Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2018". DANE. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  5. "Distribución de Venezolanos en Colombia - Corte28 de febrero de 2022". Migración Colombia. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  6. "Colombia y Medio Oriente". La República. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  7. "Proyecciones de población". DANE. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  8. "Proyecciones de población municipales". DANE. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  9. "Reloj de Población". DANE. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísitica. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
  10. "Estimaciones del cambio demográfico". DANE. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
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