Sultan-Murza

Sultan-Murza or Saltan-Murza[lower-alpha 2] (died at end of 16th century) was an Ingush feudal lord[lower-alpha 1] who controlled the Darial Gorge and the village located in it, Lars. In 1589, he swore allegiance to the Russian Tsar Feodor I as part of the Georgian embassy, therefore becoming subordinated to the Tsardom of Russia.

Sultan-Murza
'Owner' of v. Lars[lower-alpha 1]
DiedEnd of 16th century
ReligionIslam

Biography

Background

Sultan-Murza was a representative of the ethnic group referred in the Old Russian sources as the Kalkans (Ghalghai),[3] in other words, he was an ethnic Ingush.[4][5][6]

Appearance in the Russian Reports

After Shikh Murza Okotskiy received different gifts like a royal charter, Sultan-Murza request Russian citizenship from Russian officials. The village of Lars had a strategic position, controlling an important section of the road in the Darial Gorge. Sultan-Murza, motivating his desire to enter into Russian citizenship, stated: "I want to serve the sovereign in my own way death, as my brother Shikh-Murza Okotskiy."[7]

In 1589, Sultan-Murza swore allegiance to the Russian Tsar Feodor I as part of the Georgian embassy sent to Moscow.[8]

Sultan-Murza's position was very difficult in region as he was in middle of the most important point in military and trade relations. Therefore, he was (mainly) pressed by lowland feudal lords of Tarki Shamkhalate and Kabardia who had superior military force.[7]

Notes
  1. In the sources, he was mentioned as 'owner' (Russian: владелец, romanized: vladelets) which in old Russian was equivalent to a prince or murza.
  2. Ingush: Солтмарз, romanized: Soltmarz;[1] Russian: Султан-Мурза/Салтан-Мурза.
     • Also known as Saltan Larsinskiy.[2]

References
  1. Dolgieva et al. 2013, pp. 17, 198.
  2. Magomadova & Litvinenko 2008, p. 13.
  3. Magomadova & Litvinenko 2008, p. 13: "«Калканцами» (галгаи) — так русские называли ту группу вайнахов, представителем которой был Салтан-Мурза Ларсинский (...)."
  4. Vinogradov & Magomadova 1981, p. 54.
  5. Istoriya narodov Severnogo Kavkaza 1988, p. 521.
  6. Aliev & Mirzabekov 2021, p. 18.
  7. Dolgieva, Arapkhanova & Yandieva 2020, p. 26.
  8. Gutnov 2005.

Bibliography

Russian sources
  • Aliev, B. G.; Mirzabekov, M. Ya. (2021). "Об этнической идентификации ококов и Ших-Мурзы Окоцкого". Vestnik Dagestanskogo nauchnogo tsentra (in Russian). No. 83. Makhachkala: In-t istorii, arkheologii, etnografii DFITS RAN. pp. 17–24. doi:10.31029/vestdnc83/3.
  • Dolgieva, M. B.; Kartoev, M. M.; Kodzoev, N. D.; Matiev, T. Kh. (2013). Kodzoev, N. D.; et al. (eds.). История Ингушетии [History of Ingushetia] (4th ed.). Rostov-Na-Donu: Yuzhnyy izdatelsky dom. pp. 1–600. ISBN 978-5-98864-056-1.
  • Dolgieva, M. B.; Arapkhanova, L. Y.; Yandieva, U. T. (2020). "Ингушетия в контексте внешней и внутренней политики России в XVI-XXI вв.." [Ingushetia in the context of Russian foreign and domestic policy in the 16th-21st centuries]. 250 лет единения Ингушетии с Россией: Время, события, люди: Сборник научных статей по материалам международной научно-практической конференции. Магас, 2020 [250 years of unity of Ingushetia with Russia: Time, events, people: Collection of scientific articles based on materials from the international scientific and practical conference. Magas, 2020] (in Russian). Nazran: Kep. pp. 23–30.
  • Gutnov, F. Kh. (2005). "Россия и Центральный Кавказ в XVI—XVII вв." [Russia and the Central Caucasus in the XVI—XVII centuries]. Daryal (in Russian) (4).
  • Magomadova, T.; Litvinenko, V. (2008). "России служит хочу..." [I want to serve Russia..]. In Vinogradov, V. B.; Lukash, S. N. (eds.). Приязни добрые плоды [Sympathize good fruits] (PDF) (in Russian) (2nd ed.). Armariv: Armavirsky gos. ped. un-t. pp. 12–16. ISBN 978-5-93750-190-5.
  • Narochnitsky, A. L.; et al., eds. (1988). История народов Северного Кавказа (конец XVIII в. — 1917 г.) [History of the peoples of the North Caucasus (late 18th century - 1917)] (in Russian). Moskva: Nauka. pp. 1–659. ISBN 5-02-009408-0.
  • Sampiev, I. (2014). "Аккинцы в Дарьяле и Армхинском Ущелье: Деконструкция Исторического Мифа" [Akkins in Darial and Armkhi Gorge: Deconstruction of the Historical Myth]. Kavkaz & Globalizatsiya (in Russian). 8 (3–4): 85–97.
  • Vinogradov, V. B.; Magomadova, T. S. (1981). "Две заметки о ранних русско-северокавказских связях" [Two Notes on Early Russo-North Caucasian Relations]. In Magometov, A. K.; Isaenko, A. V.; Totoev, F. V. (eds.). История, этнография и культура народов Северного Кавказа: межвузовский сборник статей [History, ethnography and culture of the peoples of the North Caucasus: interuniversity collection of articles] (in Russian). Vladikavkaz: Severo-Oset. gos. un-t im. K. L. Khetagurova; kn. tip. Goskomizdata SOASSR. pp. 45–57.
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