Supreme Soviet of Russia

The Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR (Russian: Верховный Совет РСФСР, Verkhovny Sovet RSFSR), later Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation (Russian: Верховный Совет Российской Федерации, Verkhovny Sovet Rossiyskoy Federatsii), was the supreme government institution of the Russian SFSR in 1938–1990; in 1990–1993 it was a permanent legislature (parliament), elected by the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation.[1]

Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR
Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation

Верховный Совет РСФСР
Верховный Совет Российской Федерации
Coat of arms before (left) and after (right) the dissolution of the Soviet Union
Type
Type
Supreme Council
ChambersCouncil of Nationalities
Council of the Republic
History
Established15 July 1938
Disbanded4 October 1993
Preceded byAll-Russian Congress of Soviets
Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1991)
Succeeded byConstitutional Conference of Russia
Federal Assembly of Russia
Leadership
Chairman of the Supreme Soviet
Chairman of the Soviet of Nationalities
Chairman of the Soviet of Republic
Veniamin Sokolov
SeatsDynamic (1 deputy per 150,000 citizens) (1938–1978)
975 (1978–1990)
252 (1990–1993)
Elections
Last general election
16 May–22 June 1990
First session of the Congress of People's Deputies of Russia (indirect)*
Meeting place
White House
Footnotes
^ Last direct general elections to the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR were held in 1985. Powers of that Supreme Soviet (XI convocation) had expired in May 1990 (just some months after passage of the 1989 constitutional amendments)

The Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR was established to be similar in structure to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1938, instead of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets as the highest organ of power of Russia.

In the 1940s, the Supreme Soviet Presidium and the Council of Ministers of the Russian SFSR were located in the former mansion of counts Osterman (3 Delegatskaya Street),[2][3] which was later in 1991 given to a museum. The sessions were held in Grand Kremlin Palace. In 1981 the Supreme Soviet was moved to a specially constructed building on Krasnopresnenskaya embankment, The House of Soviets.

The Supreme Soviet was abolished in October 1993 (after the events of Russia's 1993 constitutional crisis) and replaced by the Federal Assembly of Russia (consists of the Federation Council of Russia and State Duma).

1938–1990
Further information: List of leaders of the Russian SFSR

Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR

Prior to 1990, the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet was head of state of the Russian SFSR but exercised only nominal powers. In contrast to other Soviet republics of the Soviet Union, the Russian SFSR did not have its own Communist Party and did not have its own first secretaries (which in other republics are relatively independent of power) until 1990.

Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR

Name Period
Alexei Badaev 19 July 1938 – 4 March 1944
Ivan Vlasov (Acting Chairman) 9 April 1943 – 4 March 1944
Nikolay Shvernik 4 March 1944 – 25 June 1946
Ivan Vlasov 25 June 1946 – 7 July 1950
Mikhail Tarasov 7 July 1950 – 16 April 1959
Nikolai Ignatov 16 April–26 November 1959
Nikolai Organov 26 November 1959 – 20 December 1962
Nikolai Ignatov 20 December 1962 – 14 November 1966)
vacant
(Vice-Chairmen: Timofey Akhazov and Pyotr Sysoyev)		 14 November-23 December 1966
Mikhail Yasnov 23 December 1966 – 26 March 1985
Vladimir Orlov 26 March 1985 – 3 October 1988
Vitaly Vorotnikov 3 October 1988 – 29 May 1990

Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR in 1938–1990

Name Period
Andrei Zhdanov 15 July 1938 – 20 June 1947
Mikhail Tarasov 20 June 1947 – 14 March 1951
Leonid Solovyov 14 March 1951 – 23 March 1955
Ivan Goroshkin 23 March 1955 – 15 April 1959
Vasily Prokhorov 15 April 1959 – 4 April 1963
Vasily Krestyaninov 4 April 1963 – 11 April 1967
Mikhail Millionshchikov 11 April 1967 – 27 May 1973
Vladimir Kotelnikov 30 July 1973 – 25 March 1980
Nikolai Gribachov 25 March 1980 – 16 May 1990

1990–1993

Following the adoption of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian SFSR in October 1989, the office of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet was removed, and the position of the Russian head of state passed directly to the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR in May 1990.

From 1990 to 1993 the Supreme Soviet consisted of 252 deputies in the two equal chambers—the Soviet of the Republic (Chairman: Veniamin Sokolov) and the Soviet of Nationalities (Chairman: Ramazan Abdulatipov). However, the bicameral Supreme Soviet was nominal, because the major decisions were adopted as joint resolutions and concurrent resolutions of all chambers; many of the legislative committees were shared between these chambers. The Supreme Soviet of Russia ceased to exist after the events of September–October 1993.

Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR/Federation in 1990-1993

Name Period
Boris Yeltsin 29 May 1990 – 10 July 1991
Ruslan Khasbulatov (acting) 10 July 1991 – 29 October 1991
Ruslan Khasbulatov 29 October 1991 – 4 October 1993

First Deputy Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR/Federation 1990-1993

Name Period
Ruslan Khasbulatov 29 May 1990 – 10 July 1991
Sergey Filatov 1 November 1991 – January 1993
Yuri Voronin January 1993 – October 1993

See also

Notes

    References
    1. Article 107. Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation is an agency of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation and a permanently functioning legislative, administrative, and supervisory agency of state power of the Russian Federation
      Article 107 of the Russian Constitution of 1978 (with amendments of 1989-1992), also partially available in English
    2. "Building History". All-Russian Museum of Decorative Arts.
    3. Дом Остермана [Osterman House]. All-Russian Museum of Decorative Applied and Folk Art (in Russian). Archived from the original on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 25 July 2010.
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