Svaliava
Svalyava (Rusyn: Свалява) or Svaliava (Ukrainian: Свалява, also known as Hungarian: Szolyva), Slovak: Svaľava, Yiddish: סוואליאווע Svalyave) is a city located on the Latorytsia River in Zakarpattia Oblast in western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Svaliava Raion (district). Population: 17,068 (2022 estimate).[1]
Svaliava
Свалява | |
|---|---|
City of district significance | |
 | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Svaliava Location of Svaliava  Svaliava Svaliava (Ukraine) | |
| Coordinates: 48°32′50″N 22°59′10″E | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast |  Zakarpattia Oblast |
| Raion |  Svaliava Raion |
| Founded | 12th century |
| Incorporated | 1957 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Ivan Lanyo |
| Population (2022) | |
| • Total | 17,068 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 89300 |
| Area code | +380-3133 |
| Climate | Dfb |
| Website | http://www.svalyava.org/ |
Due to the city's complex history, there are also alternative names for it in other languages, including: Czech: Svaljava, German: Schwalbach or Schwallbach, Romanian: Svaliava, Russian: Свалява.
Demographics
The 2001 census officially identified more than 94% of the population.[2] (There was no opportunity, at the Census to identify as Rusyn, or related identities/subgroups, such as Lemko and Boyko.)
- Ukrainians (including Rusyns) 94.5%
- Russians 1.5%
- Hungarians 0.7%
- Slovaks 0.6%
History
Swaljawa was first mentioned in the 12th century as a small settlement of a Hungarian feudal lord. In the 18th century, the village was annexed to the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and was called Schwalbach. These lands later passed to the Count of Schönborn and his descendants. Gradually, Swaljawa became a multinational town with a significant part of the population being ethnic Germans.[3]
According to the census of 1910, 47.1% of the population was Greek Catholic, 26.2% Jewish and 22.9% Roman Catholic. The Jewish population was deported to Auschwitz after the German occupation of Hungary, in May 1944, and most of them was murdered there.
After the Second World War a concentration camp was working near the town. Hungarian and German-born civilians (born between 1896 and 1926) were carried off by Soviet forces to the camp purely on the basis of their nationality. They were ordered to report for "malenkij robot" (a corrupted Russian for "small work"), but most of them – more than 10 thousands deportees were killed in the camp. The site of the camp is now a memorial park established in 1994.[4]
Gallery
St. Nicholas Church_synagogue.jpg.webp)
Synagogue in Svaliava
Synagogue today, now the bakery is here
Former synagogue
Jewish cemetery
Memorial park in Svaliava
References
- Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
- "Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001 | English version | Results | General results of the census | National composition of population | Zakarpattia region". www.ukrcensus.gov.ua. Archived from the original on 11 September 2007. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
- "Deutsche der Ukraine. Wer sind Sie?" (in German). 28 October 2020. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
- "The memorial park in Svalyava town - Places of interest from a to Z, Places of interest / Places of interest". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2014-10-24.
External links
- Svaliava in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine