Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari

Sayyid Jalaluddin Haydar "Surkh-Posh" Bukhari (Persian: سید جلال الدین سرخ پوش بخاری, c. 595-690 AH, 1190 – 1295 CE was a saint of the Indian subcontinent.He belonged to the Hussaini Jalali Sufi order through his father, Syed Ali Al Moeed. He was descended from the 10th Shia Imam, Ali al-Hadi.

Mir-Buzurg

Sayyid Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari
Mir Surkh, Mir Buzurg, Makhdum-ul-Azam, Surkh-Posh, Jalal Ganj
Born1195[1]
Bukhara, Khwarezmian Empire
Died20 May 1290(1290-05-20) (aged 94–95)[1]
Uch, Delhi Sultanate
Spouses
  • Fatima bint Qasim
  • Sayyida Sharifa Bibi Tahirah bint Badruddin Bhakkari
  • Sayyida Bibi Fatima Habiba Saeeda bint Badruddin Bhakkari
Parent
  • Ali al-Moeed (father)
InfluencesSyed Ali Almoid, Syed Jamal Mujjard
InfluencedSouth Asian Islam
Tradition or genre
Islam Faqr o walayat

Names

Bukhari, a family name, is derived from the location of his descent from the city of Bukhara in the ancient administrative region of Bukhara Province Uzbekistan.[2] Bukhari is a Sayyid from the Naqvi denomination, a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his grandsons Husayn ibn Ali and Hasan ibn Ali. Bukhari was born as Jalaluddin Haider. Sayyid Jalaluddin Bukhari was born in Multan but later settled in Uchh.[3]

Bukhari was nicknamed Surkh-Posh ("clad in red") because he often wore a red mantle.[1]

Over time, he has been referred to by a number of names and titles: Jalal Ganj; Mir Surkh (Red Leader); Sharrifullah (Noble of Allah); Mir Buzurg (Big Leader); Makhdum-ul-Azam; Jalal Akbar; Azimullah; Sher Shah (Lion King); Jalal Azam and Surkh-Posh Bukhari. With formal honorifics, he is also called Sayyid Jalaluddin; Mir Surkh Bukhari; Shah Mir Surkh-Posh of Bukhara; Pir Jalaluddin Qutub-al-Aqtab; Sayyid Jalal and Sher Shah Sayyid Jalal.

Career

Bukhari's life was spent travelling. As an Islamic missionary, he converted tribes such as the Soomro, Samma, Chadhar, Sial, Daher and the Warar. Bukhari was one of the Chaar Yaar (not to be confused with the Rashidun). The Chaar Yaar were the group of pioneers of the Suhrawardiyya and Chisti Sufi movements of the 13th century. Bukhari founded the "Jalali" order. He converted the Samma, the Sial, the Chadhar, the Daher and the Warar tribes of the Southern Punjab and Sindh.[4]

Some of his followers (mureed) spread to Gujarat. The mureed included Bukhari's grandson, Jahaniyan Jahangasht (d. 1384 CE) who visited Mecca 36 times. In 1134 CE, the Sial followers of Bukhari settled in the community that is now Jhang. Bukhari's descendant, Mehboob Elahi Shah|Mehboob Elahi Naqvi-ul Bukhari Al-Maroof Shah Jewna also moved to Jhang from Kannauj. There is a town in Pakistan in the name of Shah Jewna his descendants are still present in India as well as Pakistan. Many of Bukhari's disciples are buried in Banbhore and Makli Hill near Thatta.[5][6][7][8][9]

Sultan of Delhi

In 642 AH, when Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari had begun his missionary work in Uch Shareef, he was visited by Nasiruddin Mahmud of the Delhi Sultanate.

Shah Daulah Shahid

Shah Daulah Shahid, is a Muslim saint who is buried in Bengal. In Bukhara, Bukhari presented Saint Daulah with a pair of grey pigeons. From Bukhara, Saint Daulah travelled to Bengal where he battled and was killed by the Hindu king of Shahzadpur.[10]

Chengiz Khan

According to legend: Jalaluddin Surkh Posh was on his way to India and met Chengiz Khan, the Mongol conqueror. So forth he tried to convince him to convert to Islam however failed.[1]

His two male issues from his second wife, Fatima, the daughter of Sayyid Qasim Hussein Bukhari, Sayyid Ali and Sayyid Jaffar, are buried in tombs at Bukhara. He brought his son Sayyid Baha-ul-Halim with him to Sindh and then he settled in Uchch in 1244.

Death

In 1244 CE (about 640AH), Bukhari moved to Uch, South Punjab (also known as Uch Sharif after the saint settled there) with his son, Baha-ul-Halim, where he founded a religious school. He died in about 690 AH (1295 CE) and was buried in a small town near Uch. After his tomb was damaged by flood waters of the Ghaggar-Hakra River, Bukhari's remains were buried in Qattal town. In 1027 AH, Sajjada Nashin Makhdoom Hamid, son of Muhammad Nassir-u-Din, moved Bukhari's remains to their present location in Uch and erected a building over them. In 1770s CE, the tomb was rebuilt by the Nawab of Bahawalpur, Bahawal Khan II.

Mosque (left) and entrance to the tomb/shrine of Jalaluddin Bukhari (right) in Uch

The tomb is a short way from the cemetery of Uch. It stands on a promontory overlooking the plains and the desert beyond. To one side of the tomb is a mosque decorated with blue tilework. In front of the tomb is a pool. A carved wooden door leads into the room containing Bukhari's coffin. UNESCO describes the site:

The brick-built tomb measures 18 meters by 24 meters and its carved wooden pillars support a flat roof and it is decorated with glazed tiles in floral and geometric designs. The ceiling is painted with floral designs in lacquer and its floor is covered with the graves of the saint and his relatives an interior partition provides 'purdah' for those of his womenfolk. Its mosque consists of a hall, measuring 20 meters by 11 meters, with 18 wooden pillars supporting a flat roof. It was built of cut and dressed bricks and further decorated, internally and externally, with enamelled tiles in floral and geometric designs.[11]

Mela Uch Sharif

According to World Monuments Fund, "The ancient city of Uch was one of several metropolises founded by Alexander the Great on his crusade through Central Asia in the late 4th century BC."[12]

The Mela Uch Sharif is a week-long mela (folk festival) held in March – April in Uch. People from southern Punjab come to honour Bukhari's role in spreading Islam. Participants visit Bukhari's tomb and offer Friday prayers at the local mosque which was built by the Abbasids. The mela commemorates the congregation of Sufi saints connected with Bukhari. It aligns with the Hindu calendar month of Chaitra.

Family
Bukhara's old town in 2012, Uzbekistan

Bukhari was born on Friday, the fifth day of the twelfth month (Dhu al-Hijjah) of the year 595 AH, in Bukhara Region, in present-day Uzbekistan. Bukhari was the son of Syed Ali Al-Moeed and the grandson of Syed Ja’far Muhammed Hussain.[13] Bukhari's early education was provided by his father. He was later influenced by Syed Shahjamal Mujarad of Kolhapur State in modern-day India.

Fatima (first wife)

Bukhari's first wife was Syeda Fatima, the daughter of Syed Qasim. Bukhari and Fatima had two children, Ali and Ja’far. In 635 AH, after Fatima's death, Bukhari moved with his two sons from Bukhara to Bhakkar, Punjab.[14] Both their sons Ali and Ja’far are buried in Bukhara. Jafar's son was Abdullah also buried in Bukhara

Zohra (second wife)

In Bhakkar, Bukhari married Bibi Tahirah (Zohra), daughter of Syed Badruddin Bhakkari, the son of Sayyid Muhammad Makki. Zohra and Bukhari had two sons: Sadruddin Mohammed Ghaus (who moved to Punjab) and Bahauddin Mohamed Masoom. Their descendants now live in and around Thatta, Uch (Deogarh) and Lahore. A daughter of Sadruddin Mohammed Ghaus married Jahaniyan Jahangasht.[13]

Bibi Fatima Habiba Saeeda (third wife)

After Zohra's death, Bukhari married the second daughter of Badruddin Bhakkari, Bibi Fatima Habiba Saeeda. They had a son, Ahmed Kabir, who was the father of Jahaniyan Jahangasht and Makhdoom Syed Sadruddin Rajan Qatal Kabir Naqvi Al Bukhari (father of Shah Jewna).[13][15][16] It is mentioned within books of history that Sayyid Badruddin's two brothers Sayyid Maah and Sayyid Shams objected to him marrying his two daughters to Bukhari and exiled Bukhari from Bhakkar. The main reason was due to Bukhari being against Materialism, and wearing inexpensive clothes.[17]

Ancestors and descendants

Bukhari's biography and family history are cited extensively in such works as the Marat-e-Jalali, the Mazher-i-Jalali, the Akber-ul-Akhyar, the Rauzat-ul-Ahbab, Maraij-ul-Walayat, Manaqabi Qutbi, the Siyar-ul-Aqtar, the Siyar-ul-Arifeen and the Manaqib-ul-Asifya. These manuscripts are held by Bukhari Sayyids, however the work Marat-e-Jalali was first published (by Asrar Karami Press) in 1918 into a book form from Allahabad, India (eBook) and its second edition with updates and more research material was printed (by V I Printers) as a book in 1999 from Karachi, Pakistan. His descendants are called Naqvi al-Bukhari. However, this book is heavily critiqued due to having names and family trees mixed up. Furthermore, the author a police officer claimed Bukhari lineage but did not know his own bloodline which he claimed to be of Bukhari lineage.[18]

In Kannauj there is a mosque in the name of Bukhari's son Makhdoom Jahaniyan Jahangasht, built by Jahaniyan's descendant and Sikandar Lodi’s advisor Syed Sadarudin Shah Kabir Naqvi Al Bukhari. This mosque has an aesthetic blend of architectural styles.[19][20][21][22][23]

There are a number of tombs of Bukhari descendants across Punjab, Sindh, Indian Gujrat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Uttar Pradesh in India. They include: Jahaniyan Jahangasht (d. 1308 CE).

Meeran Muhammad Shah aka Mauj Darya Bukhari in Lahore and Rajan Qittal, Bibi Jawindi (c. 1492 CE), Bukhari's great-granddaughter and, Dera Ghazi Khan and Channan Pir and Jabbi Sayyedan, Farward Kahuta, AJK and Wadpagga Sharif in Peshawar. Some moved to Kamalia and Sandhilianwali side then to Depalpur tehsil Dhole and then Firozpur During the 1850s with their Sikh friends they migrated to Sri Mukstar Sahib region of Ferozpur region such as Kabbarwala, Fattanwala, Bahmniwala and Fazilka India. They then migrated back into the present-day Pakistan area mainly resettling in Dipalpur tehsil and abroad but initially travelled outwards from the headquarters of Uch. Descendants of this family travelled across vast lands from Delhi, Bukhara and Mecca. Great Grandson of Hz. Jahaniya Jahangasht Qazi Husamuddin Hasan Bukhari in Allahabad (Old Kara Manikpur) in Uttar Pradesh India and his descendants are found in Chail and known as Naqvi Bukhari Syeds.

The tomb of Bibi Jawindi and the tomb and mosque of Jalaluddin Bukhari have been on the "tentative" list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 2004.[11] World Monuments Fund also promotes its conservation.[12]

He also had a son called Syed Ahmad Kabir who moved to Makkah. Kabir's sister, Syeda Haseenah Fatimah, was the mother of Shah Jalal.


Family lineage

According to family tree (between pages 40 and 41) of Mara'at Jalali (2nd Ed. 1999),[13],Gulzar e Mustafvi first edition (authored by Syed Karam Ali Shah Bukhari Dholvi) and Malfuzul Makhdoom Bukhari's lineage is:

See also

References
  1. Anna Suvorova; Professor of Indo-Islamic Culture and Head of Department of Asian Literatures Anna Suvorova (22 July 2004). Muslim Saints of South Asia: The Eleventh to Fifteenth Centuries. Routledge. pp. 149–. ISBN 978-1-134-37006-1.
  2. Yasin M. and Asin M. (Ed.) "Reading in Indian History." Atlantic 1988. p41. Accessed in English at Google Books on 23 June 2017
  3. Rajendra Kumar Gupta (2004). Sufism beyond religion. B.R. Pub. p. 158. One of his forefathers was Sayyed Jalaluddin Bukhari , who was born in Multan but later settled in Uchh in undivided India .
  4. "Pir-e-Kamil Hazrat Pir Shah Jewna Al-Naqvi Al-Bokhari". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  5. "Hazrat Pir Shah Jewna (RA)". The Nation (newspaper). 9 May 2012. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  6. "Hazrat Pir Shah Jewna Al-Naqvi Al-Bokhari". www.janathimessage.co.uk. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  7. "Pir-e-Kamil Hazrat Pir Shah Jewna Al-Naqvi Al-Bokhari". The News International (newspaper). Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  8. "Hazrat Pir Shah Jewna Al-Naqvi Al-Bokhari". www.janathimessage.co.uk. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  9. "Indian Journal Of Archaeology". ijarch.org. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  10. Wali M. A. (1904) "On the Antiquity and Traditions of Shahzadpur" Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Calcutta. January to December 1904. p2
  11. "Tomb of Bibi Jawindi, Baha'al-Halim and Ustead and the Tomb and Mosque of Jalaluddin Bukhari." UNESCO Global strategy, tentative lists, submitted 30 January 2004, Accessed 23 June 2017
  12. "Uch monument complex." World Monuments Fund, New York, NY. Accessed 23 June 2017
  13. Hassami S. K. A. B. Marat-e-Jalali (Red Clothed man from Bukhara) First Edition 1918, Allahabad, Second Edition 1999, Karachi.
  14. Qadr M. A. "Mukhdoom Jahaniyan Jahangasht"
  15. "Pir-e-Kamil Hazrat Pir Shah Jewna Al-Naqvi Al-Bokhari". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  16. "Pir Shah Jewna: The soul still exudes spirituality". The Nation. 9 May 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  17. Al-Haqq, Sayyid Muin, ed. (2010). Manba Al-Ansab Urdu Translation. Madrassa Faydan Mustafa. p. 319.
  18. Umar, Khalid Bin (20 October 2018). "Wirasat - Pargana Chail- Allahabad: Correction of Ultimate error - in Mirat al Jalali".
  19. "Makhdoom Jahaniya, Kannauj | Architecture fashion, Tourist places, Tourism". Pinterest. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  20. "Makhdum Jahania - Kannauj". wikimapia.org. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  21. "Makhdoom Jahaniya, mohalla Shekhana Kannauj". indiapl.com. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  22. "Tomb And Mosque of Makhdum Jahania, Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh, India". indiasthan.com. 18 October 2020. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  23. "Indian Journal Of Archaeology". ijarch.org. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.