Szabolcs County

Szabolcs was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now part of Hungary, except for three villages which are in the Zakarpattia Oblast of Ukraine. The capital of the county was Nyíregyháza.

Szabolcs County
Comitatus Szabolcsensis (Latin)
Szabolcs vármegye (Hungarian)
Komitat Saboltsch (German)
County of the Kingdom of Hungary
(11th century-1526)
County of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom
(1526-1570)
County of the Kingdom of Hungary
(1570-1621)
County of the Principality of Transylvania
(1621-1629)
County of the Kingdom of Hungary
(1629-1645)
County of the Principality of Transylvania
(1645-1648)
County of the Kingdom of Hungary
(1648-1923, 1938-1946)
County of the Second Hungarian Republic
(1946-1949)
County of the Hungarian People's Republic
(1949-1950)
Coat of arms of Szabolcs
Coat of arms

CapitalNyíregyháza
Area
  Coordinates47°57′N 21°43′E
 
 1910
4,637 km2 (1,790 sq mi)
Population 
 1910
319,818
History
History 
 Established
11th century
4 June 1920
 Merged into Szabolcs-Ung County
1923
 County recreated (First Vienna Award)
2 November 1938
 Disestablished
16 March 1950
Today part ofHungary
(4,570 km2)
Ukraine
(69 km2)

Geography

Map of Szabolcs county in the Kingdom of Hungary
Map of Szabolcs, 1891.

Szabolcs county shared borders with the counties of Borsod, Zemplén, Ung, Bereg, Szatmár, Bihar and Hajdú. It was situated mostly south of the river Tisza. Its area was 4,637 km² around 1910.

History

Szabolcs is one of the oldest counties of the Kingdom of Hungary. In the 17th century, the towns of Hajdú separated from the county, creating the Hajdú district. The capital of Szabolcs County was initially Szabolcs (now a village), later Nagykálló took over this role (1747-1867), and since 1867 the capital was moved to Nyíregyháza.

After World War I, it was merged with a very small part of the former Ung County to form Szabolcs-Ung county, with Nyíregyháza as the capital. However, the villages of Eszeny (present-day Esen), Szalóka (present-day Solovka) and Tiszaágtelek (present-day Tisaahtelek) in the Tisza district were passed to Czechoslovakia. These villages were returned to Hungary between 1938 and 1945, but were passed to the Soviet Union afterwards (they are part of Ukraine since 1991). In 1950, the county was disestablished and Szabolcs-Szatmár County was created, which included most of its territory, while some parts of it were passed to the newly created Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén and Hajdú-Bihar counties (area around Polgár and north-east of Debrecen). In 1990, Szabolcs-Szatmár County was renamed to Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County.

Demographics

Nyíregyháza, the capital of Szabolcs County, was founded around 1750 as a Slovak Lutheran settlement, and had an ethnic Slovak majority until the latter part of the 19th century, when the population became Magyarized.[1] Also, Szabolcs County had a sizeable population of Greek Catholics, who were of Ruthenian and Romanian origin and who became almost entirely Magyarized by the end of the 19th century.

Ethnic map of the county with data of the 1910 census (see the key in the description).
Population by mother tongue[lower-alpha 1]
CensusTotalHungarianSlovakOther or unknown
1880[2] 214,008186,529 (90.83%)13,087 (6.37%)5,740 (2.80%)
1890[3] 244,945234,920 (95.91%)6,897 (2.82%)3,128 (1.28%)
1900[4] 288,672285,023 (98.74%)2,066 (0.72%)1,583 (0.55%)
1910[5] 319,818316,765 (99.05%)1,117 (0.35%)1,936 (0.61%)
Population by religion[lower-alpha 2]
CensusTotalCalvinistRoman CatholicGreek CatholicJewishLutheranOther or unknown
1880 214,00884,674 (39.57%)54,920 (25.66%)39,829 (18.61%)20,119 (9.40%)14,055 (6.57%)411 (0.19%)
1890 244,94596,435 (39.37%)65,119 (26.59%)46,597 (19,02%)21,178 (8.65%)15,490 (6.32%)126 (0.05%)
1900 288,672110,942 (38.43%)80,509 (27.89%)56,515 (19.58%)23,277 (8.06%)17,239 (5.97%)190 (0.07%)
1910 319,818121,396 (37.96%)90,560 (28.32%)63,353 (19.81%)25,316 (7.92%)18,924 (5.92%)269 (0.08%)

Subdivisions

In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Szabolcs county were:

Districts (járás)
DistrictCapital
Dada alsóTiszalök
Dada felsőGáva
KisvárdaKisvárda
LigetaljaNyíracsád
NagykállóNagykálló
NyírbaktaNyírbakta
NyírbátorNyírbátor
NyírbogdányKemecse
TiszaMándok
Urban districts (rendezett tanácsú város)
Nyíregyháza

Notes

  1. Only linguistic communities > 1% are displayed.
  2. Only religious communities > 1% are displayed.

References

  1. "RELIGIOUS CONFLICT IN NYÍREGYHÁZA – THE DIFFICULTIES OF AN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY SLOVAK SETTLEMENT" (PDF). Pregledni znanstveni članek. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  2. "Az 1881. év elején végrehajtott népszámlálás főbb eredményei megyék és községek szerint rendezve, II. kötet (1882)". library.hungaricana.hu. Retrieved 2021-09-28.
  3. "A Magyar Korona országainak helységnévtára (1892)". library.hungaricana.hu. Retrieved 2021-09-29.
  4. "A MAGYAR KORONA ORSZÁGAINAK 1900". library.hungaricana.hu. Retrieved 2021-09-29.
  5. "KlimoTheca :: Könyvtár". Kt.lib.pte.hu. Retrieved 2021-09-29.
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