TVR Speed Six engine

The TVR Speed Six was the name of a naturally aspirated straight-6 engine manufactured by TVR, and used in several of their cars including the Tuscan,[3] Cerbera,[4] Tamora,[1] T350,[5] Sagaris[2] and Typhon.

Engine ID plaque in a TVR Cerbera

TVR Speed Six engine
Engine installed in a TVR Cerbera
Overview
Manufacturer	TVR
Production	1999 – 2007
Layout
Configuration	Naturally aspirated Straight-6
Displacement	3,605 cc (3.6 L; 220.0 cu in),[1] 3,996 cc (4.0 L; 243.9 cu in)[2]
Cylinder bore	96 mm (3.78 in)
Piston stroke	83 mm (3.27 in)[1] 92 mm (3.62 in)
Cylinder block material	Aluminium alloy[3]
Cylinder head material	Aluminium alloy[3]
Valvetrain	DOHC 4 valves per cylinder
Compression ratio	11.0:1, 11.8:1, 12.2:1
Combustion
Fuel system	Multi-point fuel injection
Fuel type	Petrol engine
Oil system	Dry sump
Cooling system	Water-cooled
Output
Power output	350 bhp (355 PS; 261 kW) at 6800 rpm[4] 390 bhp (395 PS; 291 kW) at 7000 rpm[3] 406 bhp (412 PS; 303 kW) at 7000-7500 rpm[2]
Torque output	290 lb⋅ft (393 N⋅m) at 5500 rpm[1] 310 lb⋅ft (420 N⋅m) at 5250 rpm[3] 330 lb⋅ft (447 N⋅m) at 5000 rpm[4] 349 lb⋅ft (473 N⋅m) at 5000 rpm[2]

Engine installed in a TVR Sagaris

The engine's prototypes (referred to as AJP-6) were designed and delivered by independent engineer Al Melling (the "A" in AJP) as both 3.0 and 3.5 litre units.[6] Many of its key cylinder head design elements (particularly the valvetrain) were first seen in the 1991 Suzuki GSX-R750 (M) motorcycle engine (also a Melling design).

The key design features were an all aluminium alloy block and head,[3] with cast iron cylinder liners, double overhead camshafts, finger follower 24-valve actuation, one throttle and injector per cylinder (throttle-body fuel injection), equal length tubular exhaust manifolds dual 3-way catalytic converters and a dry sump lubrication system allowing the engine to be mounted lower in the vehicle chassis. These features enabled the engine to provide lightweight, compact dimensions, extremely fast throttle response and high peak horsepower.[6]

Worthy of note is that the high performance BMW S54 engine is also of a very similar configuration. Straight-6, throttle body EFI, DOHC 24-valve finger follower valve actuation.

In order to reduce unit production costs, the engines that actually went into production, called Speed Six, were TVR modified versions of the initial AJP-6 prototypes with 3.6 litres (3,605 cc) and 4.0 litres (3,996 cc) capacities. Prominent modifications were alterations to valve train geometry, a switch from a billet steel crank to cast iron (with a crank damper), different connecting rods, oil filter relocation to the inlet side of the engine, and removal of the exhaust cam oil feed. The two different capacities were achieved through stroke alterations from a con-rod design able to accommodate two different stroke lengths, and different piston crown designs altering the compression ratios. The bore diameters were shared. Pistons were made in Italy by Asso Werke from pre-existing casts, initially designed for the Rotax-Aprilia RSV 1000 engine. Those casts, refused by Rotax, were modified and used to produce the smaller Speed Six pistons.

Unfortunately, during TVR’s development of the original MCD design, it was decided to remove the drilled lubrication oil-ways from the camshaft centres to the peak of each of the camshaft lobes, resulting in starvation of lubrication and early versions of the Speed Six engine suffering from poor valve-train durability leading to many warranty claims against TVR.

German and French tuners and owners have, since, re-introduced these oil-ways, returning the motor to its original, efficient and reliable design.

Other third party development work has also mitigated this issue by using revised material harnesses for the cam lobes, finger followers and valve guides. Softer valve springs and valves with thicker stems were also utilised. Engines that have had these modifications performed have also improved durability.

The initial 4.0 litre version of the engine as used in the Cerbera produced 350 bhp (355 PS; 261 kW) with the final incarnations of the engine having TVR claimed outputs of 406 bhp (412 PS; 303 kW) in the Tuscan S, Sagaris and Typhon.

TVR further developed the Speed Six into the limited-production V12 Speed Twelve racing engine. TVR also experimented with supercharging the Speed Six engine for use in the Typhon/T440 model. However this proved unsuccessful due to cooling challenges so the few Typhon/T440 models that made production were instead fitted with standard naturally aspirated 4.0L Speed Six engines.