Takashima Tomonosuke

Viscount Takashima Tomonosuke (高島 鞆之助, 18 December 1844 – 11 January 1916) was a samurai of Satsuma Domain, general in the early Imperial Japanese Army, and a cabinet minister in Meiji period Japan. Part of Sophia University in Tokyo is located on the site of his house.

Takashima Tomonosuke
高島 鞆之助
General Takashima Tomonosuke
2nd & 4th Minister of War of the
Japanese Empire
In office
May 17th, 1891 – 8 August 1892
MonarchMeiji
Preceded byŌyama Iwao
Succeeded byŌyama Iwao
In office
20 September 1896 – 12 January 1898
Preceded byŌyama Iwao
Succeeded byKatsura Tarō
Personal details
Born(1844-12-18)December 18, 1844
Kagoshima, Satsuma Domain, Japan
DiedJanuary 11, 1916(1916-01-11) (aged 71)
Kyoto, Japan
AwardsOrder of the Rising Sun, Grand Cordon
Military service
Allegiance Empire of Japan
Branch/service Imperial Japanese Army
Years of service1874–1916
Rank Lieutenant General
CommandsIJA 4th Division
Battles/warsBoshin War
Satsuma Rebellion
In this Japanese name, the surname is Takashima.

Biography

Military career

Born into a samurai family of Satsuma Domain (present day Kagoshima Prefecture, Takashima studied at the Han school Zōshikan. He fought in the Boshin War to overthrow the Tokugawa shogunate, and was a member of the personal guard of Emperor Meiji in 1869, and was named a chamberlain in 1871. With the creation of the Imperial Japanese Army in 1874, he was commissioned as a colonel and made commandant of the Kyododan (School for Non-commissioned Officers) in 1875.

In 1877, he was promoted to major general at the time of the Satsuma Rebellion and commanded the IJA 1st Detached Infantry Brigade against his former Satsuma clansmen. From 1879 to 1880, he was sent to Germany and France for further training. On his return, he was assigned command of the Kumamoto Garrison in late 1880, and the Osaka Garrison in 1881. In 1882, he was commander of Japanese forces during the Imo incident in Korea. He was promoted to lieutenant general in 1883. In 1884, Takashima was ennobled with the title of viscount (shishaku) under the kazoku peerage system.[1]

Takashima resumed command of the Osaka Garrison from 1885, and was appointed the first commander of the Osaka-based IJA 4th Division after the reorganization of the Imperial Japanese Army into Divisions, based on reforms initiated by the Prussian general Jakob Meckel in 1888.[2]

Political career

In 1891, Takashima was named Army Minister in the first cabinet of Prime Minister Matsukata Masayoshi. He was appointed to the Privy Council the following year. A strong supporter of the 1895 Japanese invasion of Taiwan, Takashima subsequently served as the first Vice Governor-General of Taiwan after the First Sino-Japanese War. In 1896, at the request of Prime Minister Itō Hirobumi he established the Colonial Administration Department encourage Japanese investment and settlement in Taiwan.

From September 1896, Takashima resumed the post of Army Minister under the 2nd cabinet of Prime Minister Matsukata Masayoshi, holding that post until September 1898, when he retired from military service. He was appointed again to the Privy Council from 1899 to his death due to an Intracranial hemorrhage in 1916. His grave is at the Aoyama Cemetery in Tokyo.

Decorations
  • 1887 – Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun[3]
  • 1916 – Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers

Foreign

References
  • Harries, Meirion (1994). Soldiers of the Sun: The Rise and Fall of the Imperial Japanese Army. Random House. ISBN 0-679-75303-6.
  • Fukagawa, Hideki (1981). (陸海軍将官人事総覧 (陸軍篇)) Army and Navy General Personnel Directory (Army). Tokyo: Fuyo Shobo. ISBN 4829500026.
  • Dupuy, Trevor N. (1992). Encyclopedia of Military Biography. I B Tauris & Co Ltd. ISBN 1-85043-569-3.
  • Hata, Ikuhiko (2005). (日本陸海軍総合事典) Japanese Army and Navy General Encyclopedia. Tokyo: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 4130301357.
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Footnotes
  1. 『官報』第307号「叙任及辞令」July 8, 1884。
  2. Wendel, Axis History Factbook
  3. 『官報』第1306号「叙任及辞令」November 4, 1887
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