Magelang

Magelang (Javanese: ꦩꦒꦼꦭꦁ) is one of six cities in Central Java that are administratively independent of the regencies in which they lie geographically. Each of these cities is governed by a mayor rather than a bupati. Magelang city covers an area of 18.54 km2 and has a population of 118,227 at the 2010 census[3] and 121,526 at the 2020 census;[4] the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 121,675 (comprising 60,284 males and 61,391 females).[2] It is located in the middle of the Magelang Regency, between Mount Merbabu and Mount Sumbing in Central Java Province, Indonesia, and lies 43 km north of Yogyakarta, 15 km north of Mungkid and 75 km south of Semarang, the capital of Central Java.[5]

Not to be confused with Magalang.
For the regency, see Magelang Regency.

Magelang
City
Other transcription(s)
 • Hanacarakaꦩꦒꦼꦭꦁ
Scenery of Magelang
Scenery of Magelang
Flag of Magelang
Flag
Coat of arms of Magelang
Coat of arms
Motto(s): 
Magelang Kota Sejuta Bunga
(Magelang, City of Thousands of Flowers)
Location within Central Java
Location within Central Java
Magelang is located in Java
Magelang
Magelang
Location in Java and Indonesia
Magelang is located in Indonesia
Magelang
Magelang
Magelang (Indonesia)
Coordinates: 7°28′0″S 110°13′0″E
Country Indonesia
ProvinceCentral Java
Established11 April 907
Government
 • MayorMuchamad Nur Aziz[1]
 • Vice MayorM Mansyur
Area
 • Total18.54 km2 (7.16 sq mi)
Elevation
350 m (1,150 ft)
Population
 (mid 2022 estimate)
 • Total121,526
 • Density6,707/km2 (17,370/sq mi)
 [2]
Time zoneUTC+7 (Indonesia Western Time)
Area code(+62) 293
Websitemagelangkota.go.id

History
The Magelang town hall in 1925–1936

Magelang was established on 11 April 907. Magelang was then known as a village called Mantyasih, which is now known as Meteseh.[6]

There are three stele of historical importance in Magelang, namely Poh, Gilikan and Mantyasih, all of which are written on a plate of copper. Poh and Mantyasih were written under the rule of King Balitung of Mataram Kingdom. In those stele, the villages of Mantyasih and Glanggang were mentioned. They became Meteseh and Magelang respectively.[6]

On the Mantyasih stele, it mentioned the name of King Watukura Dyah Balitung, as well as 829 Çaka bulan Çaitra tanggal 11 Paro-Gelap Paringkelan Tungle, Pasaran Umanis hari Senais Sçara atau Sabtu, which means Saturday Legi, 11 April 907. The village Mantyasih was made by the king as tax-free village which was led by a patih (similar to Prime Minister nowadays). Also mentioned are Mount Susundara and Mount Wukir Sumbing which is now known as Mount Sindoro and Mount Sumbing.[6]

When Britain colonised Magelang in the eighteenth century, Magelang became the seat of the government and was made to the same level as a regency with Mas Ngabehi Danukromo as its first leader (Bupati). Mas Ngabehi Danukromo built Alun-Alun (town square), bupati residence and a mosque. Magelang became the capital of Karesidenan Kedu in 1818.[6]

After the Dutch defeated the British, Magelang was made as the central of economy because its strategic location. The Dutch government built drinking water tower (known locally as Menara Air Minum) in 1918 which provides the city with water. Electricity became available in 1927. The roads were remade using asphalt.[6]

Coat of Arms of Magelang during Dutch colonial era, granted in 1930.

The city has historically been a military post, dating back to the Dutch East Indies colonial era. It subsequently acted as an army stronghold for Indonesian pro-independence movements against the Dutch government during the resistance period. It is a host of two military landmarks: The National Military Academy, and the only military-associated school, Taruna Nusantara.[5]

Journalist Taichiro Kaijimura announced on 12 May 2007 the discovery of 30 Netherlands government documents submitted to the Tokyo tribunal as an evidence of a forced massed prostitution incident by the Japanese army in 1944 in Magelang.[7]

After the independence of Indonesia, Magelang became kotapraja (same level as a district) and then kotamadya (same level as city).[6]

Geography
Magelang Central Park Street View

Magelang City is a city which is located in a fertile agricultural area which is one of the most densely populated regions on Central Java. Magelang City has two borders; the western border is the Progo River and the eastern Boones Elo River.

Administrative districts

The city is divided into three districts (kecamatan) comprising 17 urban villages (kelurahan).[8]

Magelang Utara (North Magelang - 6.29 km2), with 37,247 inhabitants in mid 2022:[2]

  • Kramat Utara
  • Kramat Selatan
  • Kedungsari
  • Wates
  • Potrobangsan

Magelang Tengah (Central Magelang - 5.12 km2), with 44,274 inhabitants in mid 2022:

  • Magelang
  • Cacaban
  • Kemirirejo
  • Gelangan
  • Panjang
  • Rejowinangun Utara

Magelang Selatan (South Magelang - 7.13 km2), with 40,154 inhabitants in mid 2022:

  • Tidar Utara
  • Tidar Selatan
  • Rejowinangun Selatan
  • Magersari
  • Jurangombo Utara
  • Jurangombo Selatan

Climate
Climate data for Magelang
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Daily mean °C (°F) 24.6
(76.3)		 24.6
(76.3)		 24.9
(76.8)		 25.2
(77.4)		 24.9
(76.8)		 24.4
(75.9)		 24.0
(75.2)		 24.2
(75.6)		 24.5
(76.1)		 25.1
(77.2)		 24.9
(76.8)		 24.7
(76.5)		 24.7
(76.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 329.4
(12.97)		 311.6
(12.27)		 359.4
(14.15)		 265.8
(10.46)		 172.0
(6.77)		 76.5
(3.01)		 59.1
(2.33)		 53.8
(2.12)		 80.3
(3.16)		 163.5
(6.44)		 239.1
(9.41)		 315.5
(12.42)		 2,426
(95.51)
Average precipitation days 19.4 18.1 17.6 14.4 11.0 8.9 5.3 5.2 6.0 8.7 15.0 18.0 147.6
Source: [9]

Demography

The people of Magelang mostly are Javanese and has a diverse set of belief and religion. The majority of Magelang's population follow Islam (85.68%), but there are minority groups such as Christianity (13.80%), Buddhism (0.4%), Hinduism (0.08%), and there are also spiritualism and traditional Javanese belief (0.01%).[10]

Religion in Magelang (2021)[10]

  Islam (85.68%)
  Protestantism (8.83%)
  Roman catholic (4.97%)
  Buddhism (0.4%)
  Hinduism (0.08%)
  Kejawen (0.008%)
  Confucianism (0.004%)

Based on the 2020 census, Magelang has a total population of 121,526.[4] Magelang's population was 60,234 men (49% of the total population) and 61,292 women (51% of the total population).[4] By mid 2022, this had increased to 121,675 inhabitants (60,284 males and 61,391 females).[2]

Places of interest
Magelang Big Stove - Water Container
Magelang Big Stove - Water Container - 1925

Temples

Magelang is the closest major town to Borobudur, a ninth-century Buddhist monument located about 40 km (25 mi) north-west of Yogyakarta. Just 12 km from the town centre is Candi Selogriyo, an eighth-century Hindu temple near the village of Candisari. The Canggal Temple, also located in the Magelang regency, has a Sanskrit transcription bearing the name of the first Mataram Kingdom ruler, Sanjaya.[11]

Rafting

There is white water rafting on the Elo River, located in the district of Magelang. The Elo River disgorges from Mount Merbabu, Mount Telomoyo and Mount Ungaran, so it is not affected by the flow of volcanic material from Mount Merapi. The river is ideal for white water rafting because the characters of flow and flooding are relatively stable, so it is relatively safe to be forded in both the dry and rainy seasons. Running rafting chosen difficulty level (grade) maximum III + and suitable for families. The track has a length of about 12.5 km and reached in 2.5 – 3 hours rafting.

Museums

A number of the town's buildings from the Dutch East Indies era have become heritage landmarks. The Karesidenan Kedu building, is now known as Museum Kamar Pengabdian Diponegoro, where Prince Diponegoro was arrested by the Dutch colonial government during the Java War (1825–1830).[12] The chair on which the Prince sat remains in the museum. A fingernail, believed to be Diponegoro's, remains on the arm of the chair. A statue in his honour stands in Magelang's town square.[5]

Jalan Pemuda

Jalan Pemuda ("Youth Street") is Magelang's Pecinan (Chinatown). The one-way 1.5-kilometre-long (0.93 mi) road is the centre of business and includes shops, a minimarket, and restaurants. The road, running along a former railroad,[5] is divided with a narrow section reserved for rickshaws.

Alun-alun (town square)

The alun-alun or town square is located in the city centre. The area has the Matahari and Gardena department stores, Magelang's only cinema, to the north, the Trio Plaza and the BCA tower; in the south, a police station, the BPD Bank building, and a Confucian temple along Jalan Pemuda. In the west, lies the city's largest mosque, locally known as Kauman. Within the vicinity of the town square is a 15-metre-high (49 ft) watertower, and also a statue of Diponegoro riding a horse.[5]

Sports

There are a number of sport venues in Magelang. In 2006, for example, a golf course was opened: the Borobudur International Golf and Country Club.[13] The Abu Bakrin football stadium is located on Jl. Tidar, which is near the golf course. Besides, the Gedung Olah Raga "Samapta" is a popular sport venue in the sub-district of North Magelang. The area is being developed because of the plan to raise its status to Sport Centre of the Central Java. It is located in the east of the Progo River. Stadion Gemilang Kabupaten Magelang is located in the town of Blondo. It has a capacity of 15,000 and it is used mostly for football matches.

Parks

A 28-hectare park, Kyai Langgeng, is located at Cempaka Street approximately one kilometer south of the city centre. Research is undertaken on rare plant species here. The park has a playground for children and their families. The river Progo is accessible from this park.[14]

Badaan park is located in Jalan Pahlawan (Pahlawan Road) and one of two parks in Magelang. The park is smaller than Kyai Langgeng and mostly regarded as a children's playground. There are animal statues within the park such as rhino the animal used as its namesake, elephant and giraffe. Hawkers sell a variety of bakso (Meat Balls) in the vicinity of the park.

Mount Tidar
Main article: Mount Tidar

Mount Tidar is located in Magersari, South Magelang and located within the complex of Military Academy (Akmil). Here lies the remains of Syekh Subakir from Iran.[15]

Universities

Although Magelang City is a small city, it has several universities, colleges, and academies. At least, there are six universities located in Magelang City such as Indonesian Military Academy (Akmil), Muhammadiyah University of Magelang (Unimma), Tidar University (Untidar), STMIK Bina Patria, and Tirta Wiyata Engineering Academy (Akademi Teknik Tirta Wiyata) and the branch campus of the Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health, Semarang.

Transportation
Jalur 6, one of Magelang's mass public transport

Main transportation which is operating in Magelang are cars, motorcycles, buses, paddy cabs, becak, and bicycles. Today, the most popular of them are cars and motorcycles. Even almost all of the household have a motorcycle as mean of mobility in daily activity. Then, for public transportation is mainly using buses and cars.

Magelang used to have a railway track from Semarang to Yogyakarta passing at its centre (along Jalan Pemuda), but have since been redirected outside the city.[5] Unfortunately, today the railway track does not function again. It was closed by the government due to the operational cost in that time.

Magelang does not have its own airport and therefore relies on Yogyakarta's Adisutjipto International Airport, Surakarta's Adisumarmo International Airport and Semarang's Achmad Yani International Airport. Then, to reach the airport, especially Adisucipto, from Magelang needs about one hour by bus or car or taxi. But today the easier way to reach Adi Sucipto International Airport in Yogyakarta is by using DAMRI buses that specially operated to carry people from Magelang to Adi Sucipto Airport and its way-back.

November 2011: Due to lava flooding from Mount Merapi through the Kali Putih River in Gempol, Magelang, the main road connecting Magelang and Yogyakarta has several times closed. An estimated Rp.64 billion ($7.3 million) project to build bridge over the river, a 2.3 kilometer-long stream dredge and land acquisition is being built by government.[16]

Motto

Magelang's motto is HARAPAN (in English: Hope). It is made of "Hidup", "Aman", "RAPi", "Asri" dan "Nyaman" (in English: living, safe, tidy, green, and comfort)[17]

  • Magelang shopping center
    Magelang shopping center
  • The front of the Military Academy
    The front of the Military Academy
  • The north yard of Borobudur Temple
    The north yard of Borobudur Temple
  • Magelang central park
    Magelang central park
  • Silhouette of Mount Sumbing from Bondowoso, Mertoyudan
    Silhouette of Mount Sumbing from Bondowoso, Mertoyudan
  • 19th century Indo-European hybrid plantation villa. Now part of Losari resort
    19th century Indo-European hybrid plantation villa. Now part of Losari resort

See also

References
  1. "Kota Magelang". Magelangkota.go.id. Archived from the original on 10 December 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
  2. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023, Kota Magelang Dalam Angka 2023 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3371)
  3. "Penduduk Akhir Tahun di Kota Magelang, 2010-2019". Statistics Indonesia - Magelang City. 10 November 2020. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
  4. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
  5. javatourism.com - Lintang Buana Tours. "Magelang Information from". javatourism.com. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
  6. "Sejarah Kota Magelang" (in Indonesian). Government of Magelang City. 26 November 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  7. "Files: Females forced into sexual servitude in wartime Indonesia". The Japan Times. 12 May 2001. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  8. "Kota Magelang". Magelangkota.go.id. Archived from the original on 16 September 2008. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
  9. "Magelang, Indonesia Travel Weather Averages". Weatherbase. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
  10. "ArcGIS Web Application".
  11. W. J. van der Meulen (1977). "In Search of "Ho-Ling"". Indonesia. 23 (23): 87–112. doi:10.2307/3350886. JSTOR 3350886.
  12. "Museum Kamar Pengabdian Diponegoro" (in Indonesian). Asosiasi Museum Indonesia. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  13. "About Us - Magelang Borobudur International Golf & Country Club". Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  14. "Kyai Langgeng Park Tourism". Indonesia-tourism.com. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
  15. "Syekh Subakir, Penumbal Tanah Jawa yang Bersemayam di Gunung Tidar". Borobudur News. 18 September 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  16. "New stream built to reduce lava impact". 9 November 2011.
  17. "Kedu & Diy". Suara Merdeka. 22 September 2005. Archived from the original on 13 February 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
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7°28′S 110°13′E

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