Tarbiyat

The Persian Tarbiyat (Persian: تربيت; DMG: Tarbīyat; English equivalent: "Education") was the first non-governmental newspaper in Iran.[1] It was founded in Teheran by Mirza Mohammad Hosseyn Foroughi, also known as Zaka-al Molk, in 1896 and was published until 1907. For Foroughi, who was a poet and also worked as a translator for Naser al-Din Shah, the acquisition of modern sciences was of decisive importance for the development of the country and its society.[2] Contrary to the common perception of traditional education and science, he wanted to contribute to the modernisation of the Iranian society by publishing this journal.[3] The publication history of the nine years with a total of 434 issues varied between daily, weekly and monthly publications.[4] The articles deal with topics such as history and geography but also with medical and other scientific subjects. Particularly due to its literary focus and the publication of numerous translations the journal was a literary pioneer of that time.[5]

Tarbiyat
First issue, 17 December 1896
CategoriesLiterary, cultural
FrequencyIrregular
PublisherMirza Mohammad Hosseyn Foroughi
Founded1896
Final issue1907
CountryIran
Based inTehran
LanguagePersian
WebsiteTarbiyat

References
  1. Anja Pistor-Hatam: Iran und die Reformbewegung im Osmanischen Reich. Persische Staatsmänner, Reisende und Oppositionelle unter dem Einfluss der Tanẓīmāt, Berlin 1992.
  2. Hormoz Ebrahimejad: Medicine in Iran: Profession, Practice and Politics, 1800-1925, o.O. 2014, p.11.
  3. Firoozeh Kashani-Sabet: Frontier Fictions: Shaping the Iranian Nation, 1804-1946, o. O. 2000, p. 180.
  4. Tarbiyat, 1.-9. Vol., 1896-1907.
  5. Hassan Kamshad: Modern Persian Prose Literature, Cambridge 1966, p. 29ff.

Further reading
  • Hormoz Ebrahimejad: Medicine in Iran: Profession, Practice and Politics, 1800–1925, o.O. 2014.
  • Hassan Kamshad: Modern Persian Prose Literature, Cambridge 1966.
  • Firoozeh Kashani-Sabet: Frontier Fictions: Shaping the Iranian Nation, 1804–1946, o. O. 2000.
  • Anja Pistor-Hatam: Iran und die Reformbewegung im Osmanischen Reich. Persische Staatsmänner, Reisende und Oppositionelle unter dem Einfluss der Tanẓīmāt, Berlin 1992.
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