Tartar (1780 ship)

Tartar was built in France in 1778, almost surely under another name. She was taken in prize and appears under British ownership in 1780. After a short career as a privateer, she made a voyage between 1781 and 1783 as an extra East Indiaman for the British East India Company (EIC). She then became a whaler in the northern whale fishery (Greenland and Davis Strait). After whaling she traded with the Baltic and then served as a London-based transport. She was probably lost in 1799, and was last listed in 1801. If Tartar is the vessel lost in 1799, in 1796 French warships captured her, but the Royal Navy quickly recaptured her.

For other ships with the same name, see Tartar (ship).

History
Great Britain
BuilderFrance
Launched1778
Acquired1780 by purchase of a prize
FateProbably lost in 1799; last listed 1801
General characteristics
Tons burthen460, or 480, 483,[1] or 494,[2] or 49419⁄94[3] or 500, or 600[4] (bm)
Length
  • Overall:116 ft 10+1⁄4 in (35.6 m)
  • Keel:93 ft 0+1⁄4 in (28.4 m)
Beam31 ft 7+1⁄2 in (9.6 m)
Depth of hold13 ft 8 in (4.2 m)
Complement20[1]
Armament
  • 1781:26 × 9-pounder guns + 6 × 9-pounder carronades[4]
  • 1794:14 × 6-pounder guns[1]
NotesTwo decks

Career

Missing volumes and missing pages in extant volumes result in Tarter having first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in the 1781 volume.[4] One source reports that Tartar was built in France in 1778 and taken in prize the same year. Then John Fiott, St. Helier, Jersey, purchased her and used her as a privateer until the EIC took her up.[3] The only Tartar appearing in LR in 1778 owned by a Fiott was Tartar, of 200 tons (bm), and reported as "old". Her trade was given as Straits [of Gibraltar]–London.[5] There is no mention of a Tartar, Fiott, master in 1779 or 1780, but that may be due to missing pages. Unfortunately, Tartar was a common name for privateers, In 1778 and 1779 newspapers mention British privateers named Tartar from Alderney, Bristol, Cork, Dover, Falmouth, Folkestone, Hastings, Liverpool, London, and Penzance. There was also at least one American one, from Savannah.

The first mention in the press of what is almost surely the Tartar of this article was in March 1780. The item stated that the ship Tartar, of 600 tons (bm), was fitting out on the Thames as a private ship of war of 32 guns and 250 men. The command of the frigate Tartar had been given to Captain Fiott.[6] Tartar had acquired a letter of marque on 17 January 1780.

In May 1780 Lloyd's List reported that Tartar, Fiot, master, had taken and sent into Dartmouth Catharina Maria, a Dutch ship sailing from Alicant to Havre-de-Grace with a cargo of barilla, etc.[7] On 15 June, Tartar Fiott, master, during a fog, fell in with French squadron consisting of seven ships of the line and three frigates that chased him. He was able to escape into Lisbon.[8][9]

On 1 September 1780 Tartar, Fiott, master, arrived at Dartmouth, from Lisbon.

Year Master Owner Trade Source
1781 E.Fiott DeGruchie London–West Indies LR

In 1780 the EIC took up Tartar as an extra ship for one voyage. It had Batson repair her.[2]

Captain Edward Fiott sailed from Plymouth on 26 June 1781, bound for Madras and Bengal. On 18 September Tartar was at São Thomé and on 17 November St Helena. She reached Madras on 31 March 1782 and left on 14 May.[lower-alpha 1] She touched Ganjam on 19 May and arrived at Calcutta on 26 July. Homeward bound, she was at Culpee on 26 December. She was at St Helena between 29 March and 9 June 1783, and arrived back at the Downs on 7 August.[2][11][lower-alpha 2]

As of December 2022 it is unclear what Tartar was doing between her return from her voyage for the EIC and 1785-1786 when a new owner, Wilkinson, sailed her as a whaler in the Northern Whale Fishery.

Year Master Owner Trade Source & notes Whales Tuns blubber
1786 J.Dearon Wilkinson London–Greenland LR
1787 J.Dodson
A.M'Nilage		 Wilkinson London–Greenland LR 3 70
1788 M'neilage 4 10
1789 M'nillage Wilkinson London–Davis Strait LR; damage repaired 1787
1790 M'nillage
J.Knowles		 Wilkinson London–Davis Strait
London–Memel		 LR; damage repaired 1787

Wilkinson gave up on whaling and turned Tartar to trading.

Year Master Owner Trade Source & notes
1791 J.Knowles Wilkinson London–Memel LR
1792 J.Knowles
W.Wallace		 Wilkinson London–Memel LR; damage repaired 1787 & good repair 1792
1793 Wallace Captain & Company London–Ostend LR; damage repaired 1787 & good repair 1792
1793 Wallace Captain & Company London–Ostend LR; damage repaired 1787 & good repair 1792

Captain Thomas Gooch acquired a letter of marque on 28 July 1794.[1]

Year Master Owner Trade Source & notes
1795 T.Gooch J. Hadfield London transport LR; damage repaired 1787 & good repair 1792

Gooch last appeared as master of Tartar on Lloyd's List's ship arrival and departure (SAD) data in April 1795. It reported that she had arrival in Gibraltar from Plymouth and then had reached Corsica. Although Gooch does not appear in LR as Tartar's master Ashington first appeared in the SAD data in end-March, sailing for the West Indies. LR has no listing for a Tartar with Ashington, master.

In December 1796 as Tartar, Ashington, master, was returning to London from Demerara, two French warships (probably from the French expedition to Ireland (1796)), captured her off Cape Clear.[12] HMS Virginie and Jason,[13] and possibly also HMS Unite, recaptured her and sent her into Plymouth. Tartar arrived there on 13 January 1797.[12]

In October 1797, the West Indiaman Tartar, Ashington, master, carried men of the 42nd Regiment of Foot and officers of the 18th, or Royal Irish Regiment, to join their units at Gibraltar.[14]

In November 1798, Tartar arrived at Gibraltar after having been chased by a fleet of Spanish gunboats.[15] She had left Portsmouth on 7 October, bound for Lisbon, Portugal, and the West Indies.

Fate

In 1799 Tartar, Ashington, master, sustained damage as she crossed the bar at Demerara. She was subsequently condemned there.[16]

Tartar was last listed in LR in 1801 with data unchanged since 1795.

Notes
  1. There was a report that Tartar (22 guns), Prince William (24 guns), and the armed ship Charlotte, in the EIC's service, were stationed to escort the ships sailing from China to Madras.[10] Unfortunately the news item does not give a date or location, though the date of the story would be consistent with the delay for news from March to reach England from Madras. It would also explain why she was at Madras for more than six weeks.
  2. Hackman mistakenly assigns to the Tartar of this article a voyage for the EIC that a different Tartar had performed.[3]

Citations
  1. "Letter of Marque, p.89 - accessed 25 July 2017" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  2. British Library: Tartar (1).
  3. Hackman (2001), p. 201.
  4. LR (1781), Seq.No.F12.
  5. LR (1788), Seq.No.F8.
  6. "News". London Chronicle (London, England), March 18, 1780 - March 21, 1780; Issue 3634.
  7. "The Marine List". Lloyd's List. No. 1164. 9 May 1780. hdl:2027/uc1.c3049060.
  8. "The Marine List". Lloyd's List. No. 1178. 7 July 1780. hdl:2027/uc1.c3049060.
  9. "News". Whitehall Evening Post (1770) (London, England), July 13, 1780 - July 15, 1780; Issue 5346.
  10. "News". Parker's General Advertiser and Morning Intelligencer (London, England), Monday, September 23, 1782; Issue 1845.
  11. Hardy (1800), p. 103.
  12. "The Marine List". Lloyd's List. No. 2890. 17 January 1797. hdl:2027/uc1.c3049069.
  13. "No. 13977". The London Gazette. 4 February 1797. p. 123.
  14. "News". Oracle and Public Advertiser (London, England), 11 October 1797; Issue 19 748.
  15. "The Marine List". Lloyd's List. No. 297 3. 5 December 1797. hdl:2027/uc1.c3049069.
  16. "The Marine List". Lloyd's List. No. 3092. 20 August 1799. hdl:2027/uc1.c3049070.

References
  • Hackman, Rowan (2001). Ships of the East India Company. Gravesend, Kent: World Ship Society. ISBN 0905617967.
  • Hardy, Charles (1800). A Register of Ships, Employed in the Service of the Hon. the United East India Company, from the Union of the Two Companies, in 1707, to the Year 1760: Specifying the Number of Voyages, Tonnage, Commanders, and Stations. To which is Added, from the Latter Period to the Present Time, the Managing Owners, Principal Officers, Surgeons, and Pursers; with the Dates of Their Sailing and Arrival: Also, an Appendix, Containing Many Particulars, Interesting to Those Concerned in the East India Commerce. Charles Hardy.
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