The Baltimore Sun

The Baltimore Sun is the largest general-circulation daily newspaper based in the U.S. state of Maryland and provides coverage of local and regional news, events, issues, people, and industries.[3]

The Baltimore Sun
Light for All
The June 16, 2009 front page
of The Baltimore Sun
TypeDaily newspaper
FormatBroadsheet
Owner(s)Tribune Publishing
PublisherTrif Alatzas[1]
EditorTrif Alatzas
FoundedMay 17, 1837 (1837-05-17)
Headquarters200 St. Paul Place
CityBaltimore, Maryland, U.S.
CountryUnited States
Circulation43,000 daily
125,000 Sunday (as of 2021)[2]
ISSN1930-8965
OCLC number244481759
Websitewww.baltimoresun.com

Founded in 1837, it is currently owned by Tribune Publishing. In May 2021, Tribune Publishing was acquired by Alden Global Capital, which operates its media properties through Digital First Media.[4][5][6][7][8]

History

19th century

The Sun was founded on May 17, 1837, by Arunah Shepherdson Abell and two associates, William Moseley Swain from Rhode Island, and Azariah H. Simmons from Philadelphia, where they had started and published the Public Ledger the year before.

Abell became a journalist with the Providence Patriot and later worked with newspapers in New York City and Boston.[9]

20th century

The Abell family and descendants owned The Sun until 1910, when the local Black and Garrett families invested in the paper at the suggestion of former rival owner/publisher of The News, Charles H. Grasty, and they, along with Grasty gained a controlling interest; they retained the name A. S. Abell Company for the parent publishing company. That same year The Evening Sun was established under reporter, editor/columnist H.L. Mencken (1880–1956). From 1947 to 1986, The Sun was the owner and founder of Maryland's first television station, WMAR-TV (channel 2), which was a longtime affiliate of CBS until 1981, when it switched to NBC. The station was sold off in 1986, and is now owned by the E. W. Scripps Company, and has been an ABC affiliate since 1995. A. S. Abell also owned several radio stations, but not in Baltimore itself (holding construction permits for WMAR sister AM/FM stations, but never bringing them to air).

The newspaper opened its first foreign bureau in London in 1924. Between 1955 and 1961, it added four new foreign offices.

As Cold War tensions grew, it set up shop in Bonn, West Germany, in February 1955. (The bureau later moved to Berlin.) Eleven months later, The Sun opened a Moscow bureau, becoming one of the first U.S. newspapers to do so. A Rome office followed in July 1957, and in 1961, The Sun expanded to New Delhi.[10] At its height, The Sun ran eight foreign bureaus, giving rise to its boast in a 1983 advertisement that "The Sun never sets on the world."[11]

The paper was sold by Reg Murphy in 1986 to the Times-Mirror Company of the Los Angeles Times.[12]

The same week, a 115-year-old rivalry ended when the oldest newspaper in the city, the News American, a Hearst paper since the 1920s with roots dating back to 1773, folded.[13] A decade later in 1997, The Sun acquired the Patuxent Publishing Company, a local suburban newspaper publisher that had a stable of 15 weekly papers and a few magazines in several communities and counties.[14]

In the 1990s and 2000s, The Sun began cutting back its foreign coverage. In 1995 and 1996, the paper closed its Tokyo, Mexico City and Berlin bureaus. Two more—Beijing and London—fell victim to cost-cutting in 2005.[11] The final three foreign bureaus—Moscow, Jerusalem, and Johannesburg, South Africa—fell a couple of years later.[15] All were closed by 2008, as the Tribune Co. streamlined and downsized the newspaper chain's foreign reporting. Some material from The Sun's foreign correspondents is archived at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County.[16]

21st century

In the 21st century, The Sun, like most legacy newspapers in the United States, has suffered a number of setbacks in the competition with Internet and other sources, including a decline in readership and ads, a shrinking newsroom staff,[17] and competition in 2005 from The Baltimore Examiner, a free daily that lasted two years to 2007, along with a similar Washington, D.C.-based publication of a small chain recently started by new owners that took over the San Francisco Examiner, Hearst's flagship newspaper.[18] In 2000, the Times-Mirror company was purchased by the Tribune Company of Chicago. In 2014, it transferred its newspapers, including The Sun, to Tribune Publishing.

On September 19, 2005, and again on August 24, 2008, The Baltimore Sun introduced new layout designs.[19] Its circulation as of 2010 was 195,561 for the daily edition and 343,552 on Sundays. On April 29, 2009, the Tribune Company announced that it would lay off 61 of the 205 staff members in the Sun newsroom.[20] On September 23, 2011, it was reported[21] that the Baltimore Sun would be moving its web edition behind a paywall starting October 10, 2011.

The Baltimore Sun is the flagship of the Baltimore Sun Media Group, which also produces the b free daily newspaper and more than 30 other Baltimore metropolitan-area community newspapers, magazines and Web sites. BSMG content reaches more than one million Baltimore-area readers each week and is the region's most widely read source of news.[22]

On February 20, 2014, The Baltimore Sun Media Group announced that they would buy the alternative weekly City Paper.[23] In April, the Sun acquired the Maryland publications of Landmark Media Enterprises.[24]

In February 2021, as part of the planned merger between Tribune Publishing and Alden Global Capital, Tribune announced that Alden had reached a non-binding agreement to sell The Sun to the Sunlight For All Institute, a nonprofit backed by businessman and philanthropist Stewart W. Bainum Jr. The deal is contingent on the approval of the merger by Tribune shareholders.[25]

In February, 2022, the editorial board of The Sun published a lengthy apology for its racism over its 185–year history, including specific offenses such as accepting classified ads for selling enslaved people and publishing editorials that promoted racial segregation and disenfranchisement of Black voters.[26][27][28]

Editions

From 1910 to 1995 there were two distinct newspapers, The Sun, which was published in the morning, and The Evening Sun, which was published in the afternoon. Each newspaper maintained separate reporting and editorial staff.

The Evening Sun was first published in 1910 under the leadership of Charles H. Grasty, former owner of the Evening News, and a firm believer in the evening circulation. For most of its existence, The Evening Sun led its morning sibling in circulation. In 1959, the afternoon edition's circulation was 220,174, compared to 196,675 for the morning edition.[29] However, by the 1980s, cultural, technological and economic shifts in America were eating away at afternoon newspapers' market share, with readers flocking to either morning papers or switching to nightly television news broadcasts.[30] In 1992, the afternoon paper's circulation was 133,800.[31] By mid-1995, The Evening Sun's readership—86,360—had been eclipsed by The Sun—264,583.[29] The Evening Sun ceased publication on September 15, 1995.

Daily

After a period of roughly a year during which the paper's owners sometimes printed a two-section product, The Baltimore Sun now has three sections every weekday: News, Sports and alternating various business and features sections. On some days, comics and such features as the horoscope and TV listings are printed in the back of the Sports section.

After dropping the standalone business section in 2009, The Sun brought back a business section on Tuesdays and Sundays in 2010, with business pages occupying part of the news section on other days.[32] Features sections debuting in 2010 included a Saturday "Home" section, a Thursday "Style" section and a Monday section called "Sunrise." The sports article written by Peter Schmuck is published only on weekdays.

Sunday

The Sunday Sun for many years was noted for a locally produced rotogravure Maryland pictorial magazine section, featuring works by such acclaimed photographers as A. Aubrey Bodine. The Sunday Sun dropped the Sunday Sun Magazine in 1996 and now only carries Parade magazine weekly. A quarterly version of the Sun Magazine[33] was resurrected in September 2010, with stories that included a comparison of young local doctors, an interview with actress Julie Bowen and a feature on the homes of a former Baltimore anchorwoman. Newsroom managers plan to add online content on a more frequent basis.

baltimoresun.com

The company introduced its website in September 1996. A redesign of the site was unveiled in June 2009, capping a six-month period of record online traffic. Each month from January through June, an average of 3.5 million unique visitors combined to view 36.6 million Web pages. Sun reporters and editors produce more than three dozen blogs on such subjects as technology, weather, education, politics, Baltimore crime, real estate, gardening, pets and parenting. Among the most popular are Dining@Large, which covers local restaurants; The Schmuck Stops Here, a Baltimore-centric sports blog written by Peter Schmuck; Z on TV, by media critic David Zurawik; and Midnight Sun, a nightlife blog. A Baltimore Sun iPhone app was released September 14, 2010.

b

In 2008, the Baltimore Sun Media Group launched the daily paper b to target younger and more casual readers, ages 18 to 35. It was in tabloid format, with large graphics, creative design, and humor in focusing on entertainment, news, and sports. Its companion website was bthesite.com.[34] The paper transitioned from daily to weekly publication in 2011.

b ceased publication entirely in August 2015, more than a year after the Baltimore Sun Media Group acquired City Paper.[35]

Contributors

The Baltimore Sun has won 16 Pulitzer Prizes. It also has been home to many notable journalists, reporters and essayists, including H.L. Mencken, who had a forty-plus-year association with the paper.

Other notable journalists, editors, photographers and cartoonists on the staff of The Baltimore Sun include:

Facilities
The Baltimore Sun's headquarters, from 1950 to 1988, on North Calvert Street
The newspaper's headquarters, between 1988 and 2022, at "Sun Park" in Port Covington

The first issue of The Sun, a four-page tabloid, was printed at 21 Light Street in downtown Baltimore in the mid-1830s.

In 1851, the newspaper moved to a five-story structure at the corner of Baltimore and South streets. In 1904, in the Great Baltimore Fire, the structure, known as the "Iron Building", was destroyed.

In 1885, The Sun constructed a building for its Washington, D.C. bureau at 1317 F Street, NW, in Washington, D.C.[37] The building is on the National Register.

In 1906, operations were moved to Charles and Baltimore streets, where The Sun was written, published, and distributed for nearly 50 years. In 1950, operations were moved to a larger, modern plant at Calvert and Centre streets. In 1979, ground was broken for a new addition to the Calvert Street plant to house modern pressroom facilities. This facility commenced operations in 1981.

In April 1988, at a cost of $180 million, the company purchased 60 acres (24 ha) of land at Port Covington and built "Sun Park". The new building houses a satellite printing and packaging facility, and also is the newspaper's headquarters for its distribution operations.[38] The Sun's printing facility at Sun Park has highly sophisticated computerized presses and automated insertion equipment in the packaging area. To keep pace with the speed of the presses and automated guided vehicles, intelligent electronic forklifts deliver the newsprint to the presses.

On January 30, 2022, The Baltimore Sun newspaper was printed for the last time at its Sun Park facility.[39] It was reported that The Sun's printing operations would be moved to a printing facility in Wilmington, Delaware.[40]

In December 2022, the Sun announced an agreement to move its offices to 200 St. Paul Place in downtown Baltimore, abandoning Sun Park altogether. [41]

Controversies
  • The paper became embroiled in a controversy involving the former governor of Maryland, Robert L. Ehrlich Jr. (R). Ehrlich had issued an executive order on November 18, 2004, banning state executive branch employees from talking to Sun columnist Michael Olesker and reporter David Nitkin, claiming that their coverage had been unfair to the administration. This led The Sun to file a First Amendment lawsuit against the Ehrlich administration. The case was dismissed by a U.S. District Court judge, and The Sun appealed to the 4th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, which upheld the dismissal.[42]
  • The same Olesker was forced to resign on January 4, 2006, after being accused of plagiarism. The Baltimore City Paper reported that several of his columns contained sentences or paragraphs that were extremely similar (although not identical) to material previously published in The Washington Post, The New York Times, and The Sun.[43] Several of his colleagues both in and out of the paper were highly critical of the forced resignation, taking the view that the use of previously published boilerplate material was common newsroom practice, and Olesker's alleged plagiarism was in line with that practice.[44]
  • Between 2006 and 2007, Thomas Andrews Drake, a former National Security Agency executive, allegedly leaked classified information to Siobhan Gorman, then a national security reporter for The Sun. Drake was charged in April 2010 with 10 felony counts in relation to the leaks.[45] In June 2011, all 10 original charges were dropped, in what was widely viewed as an acknowledgement that the government had no valid case against the whistleblower, who eventually pleaded to one misdemeanor count for exceeding authorized use of a computer. Drake was the 2011 recipient of the Ridenhour Prize for Truth-Telling.
  • Entering an ongoing controversy labeled as racist attacks by Donald Trump against congressional members who had criticized him that had begun to include numerous attacks against Baltimore Congressman Elijah Cummings and was naming him personally responsible for the presence of rodents in Baltimore neighborhoods, on July 27, 2019, The Baltimore Sun responded with an editorial entitled, "Better to have a few rats than to be one".[46]
  • In 2018, in response to the European cookie law, baltimoresun.com began blocking visitors with European IP addresses rather than go to the effort of obtaining permission-requesting software, with the result that many European visitors (and those from some non-European countries) must visit the site via proxies, potentially muddling the website's analytics.[47][48][49]

Portrayal in The Wire

The Baltimore Sun was featured in the American crime drama television series The Wire in 2008 (season 5), which was created by former Sun reporter David Simon.[50]

Like all of the institutions featured in The Wire, the Sun is portrayed as having many deeply dysfunctional qualities while also having very dedicated people on its staff. The season focuses on the role of the media in affecting political decisions in City Hall and the priorities of the Baltimore Police Department. Additionally, the show explores the business pressures of modern media through layoffs and buyouts occurring at the Sun, on the orders of the Tribune Company, the Sun's corporate owner.

One storyline involves a troubled Sun reporter named Scott Templeton, and his escalating tendency to sensationalize and falsify stories. The Wire portrays the managing editors of the Sun as turning a blind eye to the protests of a concerned line editor, in the managing editors' zeal to win a Pulitzer Prize. The show insinuates that the motivation for this institutional dysfunction is the business pressures of modern media, and working for a flagship newspaper in a major media market like The New York Times or The Washington Post is seen as the only way to avoid the cutbacks occurring at the Sun.

Season 5 was The Wire's last. The finale episode, "-30-", features a montage at the end portraying the ultimate fate of the major characters. It shows Templeton at Columbia University with the senior editors of the fictional Sun, accepting the Pulitzer Prize, with no mention being made as to the aftermath of Templeton's career. Alma Gutierrez is shown being exiled to the Carroll County bureau past the suburbs.

News partnership

In September 2008, The Baltimore Sun became the newspaper partner of station WJZ-TV, owned and operated by CBS; the partnership involves sharing content and story leads, and teaming up on stories. WJZ promotes Baltimore Sun stories in its news broadcasts. The Sun promotes WJZ's stories and weather team on its pages.

See also

References
  1. Sherman, Natalie (March 2, 2016). "Baltimore Sun editor Trif Alatzas named publisher amid Tribune shake-up". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on March 2, 2016. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  2. Lever, Rob. "Baltimore Sun deal sets up major test for nonprofit news model". techxplore.com.
  3. "Bluesheets: (Baltimore) The Sun". Thomson Reuters. September 1, 2005. Archived from the original on July 10, 2011. Retrieved May 28, 2008.
  4. Roeder, David (May 26, 2021). "Chicago Tribune staff gets buyout offers as Alden takes over". Chicago Sun Times. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  5. Folkenflik, David (May 21, 2021). "'Vulture' Fund Alden Global, Known For Slashing Newsrooms, Buys Tribune Papers". NPR. Retrieved May 21, 2021.
  6. Chicago Tribune Staff (April 19, 2021). "Tribune Publishing ends discussions with Maryland hotel executive, moving forward with hedge fund Alden's bid for newspaper chain". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
  7. Tracy, Marc (February 16, 2021). "Hedge Fund Reaches a Deal to Buy Tribune Publishing". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
  8. Feder, Robert (May 21, 2021). "'Sad, sobering day' for Chicago Tribune as Alden wins takeover bid". Retrieved May 23, 2021.
  9. Van Doren, Charles and Robert McKendry, ed., Webster's American Biographies. (Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 1984) p. 5.
  10. "The Baltimore Sun opens bureau in India". The Baltimore Sun. January 17, 1961. Retrieved March 31, 2017.
  11. Madigan, Nick (October 7, 2005). "Sun cuts foreign bureaus from 5 to 3". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved March 31, 2017.
  12. Izadi, Elahe; Ellison, Sarah. "The battle for Tribune: Inside the campaign to find new owners for a legendary group of newspapers". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  13. Walsh, Sharon Warren; R, Eleanor; olph; Ifill, Washington Post Staff Writers; Staff writers Gwen; repo, Steve Luxenberg also contributed to this (May 29, 1986). "Baltimore Sun Papers Sold to Times Mirror Co". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved June 10, 2018.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. "Baltimore Sun to buy Patuxent Publishing Columbia company has 15 newspapers, magazines in region", Baltimore Sun
  15. Madigan, Nick (July 6, 2006). "Tribune Co. is closing Sun's foreign bureaus". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved March 31, 2017.
  16. "Baltimore Sun Foreign Bureaus records", University of Maryland, Baltimore County
  17. "Tribune Co. announces plans to layoff [sic] 27 percent of The Baltimore Sun's newsroom staff, including four columnists". Poynter. May 30, 2009. Archived from the original on May 14, 2009. Retrieved May 30, 2009.
  18. Shin, Annys (October 18, 2007). "Examiner Plans Baltimore Edition". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 25, 2007.
  19. Charles Apple (August 24, 2008). "Live pages from the Baltimore Sun's redesign". visualeditors.com. Archived from the original on September 13, 2008. Retrieved October 22, 2008.
  20. Mirabella, Lorraine; " The Baltimore Sun, April 28, 2009
  21. Romenesko, Jim. "Updated: Baltimore Sun to put up paywall next month | Poynter". Poynter. Archived from the original on November 12, 2011. Retrieved February 20, 2014.
  22. "(Baltimore) The Sun". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 11, 2009.
  23. "Baltimore Sun Media Group to buy City Paper". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved February 20, 2014.
  24. Marbella, Jean (May 2014). "Baltimore Sun Media Group buys The Capital in Annapolis and the Carroll County Times".
  25. Dinsmore, Christopher. "Baltimore Sun Media poised to be acquired by nonprofit from Tribune Publishing". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
  26. Wulfsohn, Joseph A. (February 18, 2022). "Baltimore Sun editorial board apologizes for paper's past racism in its 185-year history". Fox News. Retrieved February 19, 2022.
  27. Lambert, Harper (February 18, 2022). "Baltimore Sun Apologizes for Decades of 'Systemic Racism' in Coverage and Editorials". The Wrap. Retrieved February 19, 2022.
  28. "We are deeply and profoundly sorry: For decades, The Baltimore Sun promoted policies that oppressed Black Marylanders; we are working to make amends". The Baltimore Sun. February 18, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2022.
  29. "As the end draws closer for The Evening Sun..." The Baltimore Sun. June 26, 1995. Retrieved March 31, 2017.
  30. Jones, Tim (July 14, 1999). "Sun Setting On Another Afternoon Newspaper". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved March 31, 2017.
  31. Imhoff, Ernest (June 20, 1993). "They Hate To See That Ev'nin' Sun Go Down". The (Baltimore) Evening Sun. Retrieved March 31, 2017.
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  33. "Entertainment - Baltimore Sun". www.thesunmag.com.
  34. "Entertainment". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
  35. Dance, Scott (August 12, 2015). "Free weekly b to cease publication Aug. 27". The Baltimore Sun. Baltimore Sun Media Group. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  36. Marbella, Jean (May 4, 2020). "Baltimore Sun wins Pulitzer Prize for coverage of Mayor Catherine Pugh's 'Healthy Holly' book scandal". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  37. Washington Post, April 9, 1903
  38. "About The Baltimore Sun". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on October 8, 2008. Retrieved May 28, 2008.
  39. "Final Sun Park press run | PHOTOS". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved February 4, 2022.
  40. Dinsmore, Christopher. "Baltimore Sun Media proposes moving printing of newspapers to Delaware, laying off 100+ workers". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved February 4, 2022.
  41. Yeager, Amanda. "Baltimore Sun offices to return downtown in 2023". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
  42. "Court Favors Ehrlich on Ban", The Baltimore Sun, February 16, 2006
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  44. "On Background". Baltimore City Paper. January 18, 2006. Archived from the original on August 14, 2011. Retrieved September 14, 2010.
  45. "Ex-NSA worker from Md. charged in classified leak case". The Baltimore Sun. April 15, 2010. Retrieved September 14, 2010.
  46. "Better to have a few rats than to be one (Baltimore Sun Editorial Board)". The Baltimore Sun. July 27, 2017.
  47. Hern, Alex; Belam, Martin (May 25, 2018). "LA Times among US-based news sites blocking EU users due to GDPR". The Guardian. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  48. Duraj, Maciej (June 4, 2020). "How the Internet Is Being Restricted & Handicapped Based on Geographic Data". Medium. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  49. PennRobotics (July 16, 2021). "It's been three years. Stop saying your European visitors are important to you". Hacker News. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  50. Steiner, Linda; Guo, Jing; McCaffrey, Raymond; Hills, Paul (August 2012). "The Wire and repair of the journalistic paradigm". Journalism. 14 (6): 703–720. doi:10.1177/1464884912455901. S2CID 146157813.

Further reading
  • The Life of Kings: The Baltimore Sun and the Golden Age of the American Newspaper. Frederic B. Hill, Stephens Broening (eds.). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. July 25, 2016. ISBN 978-1-4422-6256-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  • Gerald W. Johnson; H. L. Mencken, eds. (1937). The Sunpapers of Baltimore (1st ed.). New York: Knopf. LCCN 37009111.
  • Merrill, John C. and Harold A. Fisher. The world's great dailies: profiles of fifty newspapers (1980) pp 73–80

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