The Bee and the Orange Tree

The Bee and the Orange Tree (French: L'Oranger et l'Abeille) is a French literary fairy tale by Madame d'Aulnoy.

The princes kneels before Aimée, who is wearing ragged clothes and had a bow and arrow
Illustration of the prince and Aimée in front of the cave, printed by Simon Fokke c.1722 - 1784

Synopsis

After many childless years, a king and queen had a daughter, whom they named Aimée. Unfortunately, a ship she was on, wrecked. As fate would have it, she drifted ashore in her cradle. Although the ogres normally ate those washed up on the shore, she was taken in by ogre couple to marry their son when she grew up.

After fifteen years, the king and queen gave up hope of locating the princess. Her cousin, the second son of Aimée’s uncle, was chosen to become heir to the throne. Meanwhile, Aimée grew up among the ogres. A little ogre had fallen in love with her, but the thought of marrying him revolted her. Walking along the beach one day, she found a man and hid him from the ogres in a cave. The man happened to be her cousin, although neither of them knew the truth or could speak each other's language. After some time, the prince discovered her identity from a locket she wore which had her name on it.

The little ogre decided it was time for them to marry, and horror-struck, Aimée fled to the prince. When she returned, she injured her foot on a thorn and could no longer walk. The prince wondered why she did not come, and when he tried to find her, he was captured.

The princess tricked the ogres into no longer recognising some of their own, leading them to eat several fellow ogres. Using a magic wand, Aimée was then able to give herself the power to speak the prince's language. He told her who she was, and the princess decided to steal the ogres' camel so they could ride away to safety, using the wand to distract the ogress. When it was noticed that they had fled, the ogre used his seven-league boots to follow.

The princess used the wand to hide, transforming herself, the prince and the camel into different disguises every time the ogre returned to search. When the ogress came after them, Aimée, transformed into a bee, stung her to drive her away. In the chaos, some travellers stole the wand. Without it, the princess was unable to change the group back into their prior forms.

The prince, stuck as an orange tree, was admired by Linda, a local princess. When Linda tried to have the tree transplanted into her gardens, Aimée stung her out of jealousy. Linda tried to arm herself with a branch from the orange tree but, when she did, blood flowed from the tree. Aimée went to fetch a balm for the wound.

While Aimée was away, a visiting fairy detected the enchantment and restored the prince. The prince told his story to the fairy, who restored Aimée and brought them home to Aimée’s parents, where Aimée and the prince were married.

Analysis and Context

L'Oranger et l'Abeille was published by Madame d'Aulnoy in her 1697 collection of "fairy tales", Les Contes des Fées. The book is written in préciosité style, inspired by the witty conversational style of popular 17th century French salons.[1] Les Contes des Fées are an example of literary fairy tales, which, unlike the folktales in oral tradition, originated with the upper classes.[2] Scholar Jack Zipes suggests that, due to the high number of similarities of Madame d'Aulnoy's literary work with recognizable folkloric material,[3] she must have been acquainted with the oral tradition or their literary reworking during her time.[4] Marcy Farrell similarly suggests that d'Aulnoy used elements of existing folklore to create a longer and more literary tale for an aristocratic audience.[5]

This tale belongs to the cycle of stories of a heroine helping the hero flee from their supernatural foe (e.g., an ogre, a devil, a witch, a giant). Therefore, it is classified as Aarne–Thompson–Uther ATU 313, "The Heroine helps the Hero flee", or "The Magical Flight".[6] These tales include a transformation chase for the heroes to elude their pursuers.[7]

The Bee and the Orange Tree is, according to Johannes Bolte and Jiří Polívka, and Jack Zipes,[8] the origin of Grimm's fairy tale Der Okerlo, a fairy tale collected in the original version of the collection, in 1812 (KHM 70), but expunged from later editions.[9]

Legacy

A late 18th century publication of Madame d'Aulnoy's tales translated the title literally as The Orange-Tree and the Bee.[10]

The tale was translated into German by Karoline Stahl with title Der Pomeranzenbaum und die Biene.[11]

The tale was one of many from d'Aulnoy's pen to be adapted to the stage by James Planché, as part of his Fairy Extravaganza.[12][13][14] He also adapted the tale to the stage as The Bee and the Orange Tree, or The Four Wishes".[15][16]

See also

References
  1. Lau, Kimberly J. (2016). "Imperial Marvels: Race and the Colonial Imagination in the Fairy Tales of Madame d'Aulnoy". Narrative Culture. 3 (2): 141–179. doi:10.13110/narrcult.3.2.0141. JSTOR 10.13110/narrcult.3.2.0141.
  2. Windling, Terri (2000). "Les Contes des Fées: The Literary Fairy Tales of France". Archived from the original on 2014-03-28. Retrieved 2021-05-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  3. Barchilon, Jacques (2009). "Adaptations of Folktales and Motifs in Madame d'Aulnoy's 'Contes': A Brief Survey of Influence and Diffusion". Marvels & Tales. 23 (2): 353–364. JSTOR 41388930.
  4. Zipes, Jack (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales. Oxford University Press. 2015. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-19-968982-8
  5. "The Heroine's Violent Compromise: Two Fairy Tales by Madame d'Aulnoy". Violence in French and Francophone Literature and Film. 2008. pp. 27–38. doi:10.1163/9789401206303_004. ISBN 978-90-420-2462-5.
  6. Belmont, Nicole (1985). "Orphée dans le miroir du conte merveilleux" [Orpheus in the mirror of the marvelous tale]. L'Homme (in French). 25 (93): 59–82. doi:10.3406/hom.1985.368542. JSTOR 25132093.
  7. Seifert, Lewis C. Fairy Tales, Sexuality, and Gender in France, 1690-1715: Nostalgic Utopias. Cambridge University Press. 2006. p. 35.
  8. The Original Folk and Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm: the Complete First Edition. [Jacob Grimm, Wilhelm Grimm; translated by] Jack Zipes; [illustrated by Andrea Dezsö]. Princeton University Press. 2014. p. 501. ISBN 978-0-691-16059-7
  9. Bolte, Johannes; Polívka, Jiri. Anmerkungen zu den Kinder- u. hausmärchen der brüder Grimm. Zweiter Band (NR. 61-120). Germany, Leipzig: Dieterich'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. 1913. pp. 77-79.
  10. d' Aulnoy, Madame (1799). Queen Mab: containing a select collection of only the best, most instructive, and entertaining tales of the fairies. pp. 292–336. OCLC 1087281600.
  11. Stahl, Karoline. Fabeln, Mährchen und Erzählungen für Kinder. Nürnberg 21821. pp. 62-70.
  12. Feipel, Louis N. (September 1918). "Dramatizations of Popular Tales". The English Journal. 7 (7): 439–446. doi:10.2307/801356. JSTOR 801356.
  13. Buczkowski, Paul (2001). "J. R. Planché, Frederick Robson, and the Fairy Extravaganza". Marvels & Tales. 15 (1): 42–65. doi:10.1353/mat.2001.0002. JSTOR 41388579. S2CID 162378516.
  14. MacMillan, Dougald (1931). "Planché's Fairy Extravaganzas". Studies in Philology. 28 (4): 790–798. JSTOR 4172137.
  15. Adams, W. H. Davenport. The Book of Burlesque. Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Outlook Verlag GmbH. 2019. p. 74. ISBN 978-3-73408-011-1
  16. Planché, James (1879). Croker, Thomas F.D.; Tucker, Stephen I. (eds.). The extravaganzas of J. R. Planché, esq., (Somerset herald) 1825-1871. Vol. 3. London: S. French. pp. Vol 3, pp. 43-78.

Further reading
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