Largo, Sofia

Independence Square
Largo
	View of the Largo from the west
Native name	площад „Независимост“ (Bulgarian)
Type	Public square
Length	200 m (660 ft)
Width	50 m
Location	Sofia, Bulgaria
Coordinates	42°41′52″N 23°19′23″E
Construction
Completion	1955

The Largo (Bulgarian: Ларго, definite form Ларгото, Largoto) is an architectural ensemble of three Socialist Classicism edifices in central Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria, designed and built in the 1950s with the intention of becoming the city's new representative centre. Today it is regarded as one of the prime examples of Socialist Classicism architecture in Southeastern Europe,[1] as well as one of the main landmarks of Sofia.

The yellow-cobblestoned square around which the ensemble is centred is called Nezavisimost (Independence) Square. Independence Square is formed by the Knyaz Aleksandar Dondukov Boulevard and Tsar Osvoboditel Boulevard merging from the east to continue as Todor Aleksandrov Boulevard west of the Largo.

The ensemble consists of the former Party House (Bulgarian Communist Party headquarters building), briefly used in 2020-2021 as the seat of the National Assembly of Bulgaria,[2] and two side edifices: one today accommodating the TSUM department store and the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria and another that is today occupied by the President's Office, the Sofia Hotel Balkan and the Ministry of Education.

History

A Council of Ministers of Bulgaria decree was published in 1951 regarding the construction of the Largo.[3] The lot in the centre of the city, damaged by the bombing of Sofia in World War II, was cleared in the autumn of 1952, so that the construction of the new buildings could begin in the following years.[3] The Party House building, once crowned by a red star on a pole, was designed by a team under architect Petso Zlatev and completed in 1955.[3] The Ministry of Electrification office, later occupied by the State Council and today by the President's Office, the work of Petso Zlatev, Petar Zagorski and other architects, was finished the following year, while the TZUM part of the edifice, designed by a team under Kosta Nikolov, followed in 1957.[3] The fountain between the President's Office and the older National Archaeological Museum, was shaped in 1958.[3] The Largo also once featured a statue of Vladimir Lenin, which was later removed and replaced by the one of St. Sophia in 2000.

Refurbishment

Transparent cover over the ruins of ancient Serdica

Following the democratic changes after 1989, the symbols of communism in the decoration of the Largo were removed, with the most symbolic act being the removing of the red star on a pole atop the former Party House using a helicopter and its substitution by the flag of Bulgaria. In the 1990s there have been suggestions to reshape the former Party House, sometimes regarded as an imposing remnant of a past ideology,[4] by introducing more modern architectural elements.[5]

According to the new architectural plan of Sofia, Independence Square is as of 2006 being reorganized. The lawn and the flags in the centre are replaced by glass domes, so that the ruins of the ancient Thracian and Roman city of Serdica can be exposed in an impressive way, thus becoming a tourist attraction.[6] The two underpasses, the one in front of the former Party House and the one with the medieval Church of St Petka, are also connected[6] to ease the access to the nearby Serdika and Serdika II metro stations.

Gallery

The former Party House in 1984, before the removal of the red star on spire
The former Party House in 2006
Council of Ministers
President's Office
TZUM
The 4th-century St George Rotunda behind the Sofia Hotel Balkan
Guardsmen in front of the main entrance to the President's Office

References

"Bulgaria Sofia Sights Around the Center of the Capital". monkeytravel.org. Archived from the original on February 27, 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-30.
"Bulgarian Parliament in a New Building - the Renovated Former Party House". novinite.com. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
Kiradzhiev, Svetlin (2006). Sofia 125 Years Capital 1879-2004 Chronicle (in Bulgarian). Sofia: IK Gutenberg. ISBN 954-617-011-9.
Todorov, Petar; Mihail Konstantinov (2001-01-10). "Glass Dome Project". Demokratsiya. Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2006-09-30.
Panchev, Lyubomir (2006-08-19). "Pro and con the reorganization of the Party House" (in Bulgarian). Duma. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved 2006-09-30.
Aleksandrova, Nina (2006-09-04). "The Largo is to be covered by a glass lid" (in Bulgarian). Standart News. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2006-09-30.

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[monkey-1] "Bulgaria Sofia Sights Around the Center of the Capital". monkeytravel.org. Archived from the original on February 27, 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-30.

[2] "Bulgarian Parliament in a New Building - the Renovated Former Party House". novinite.com. Retrieved 29 November 2020.

[kiradzhiev-3] Kiradzhiev, Svetlin (2006). Sofia 125 Years Capital 1879-2004 Chronicle (in Bulgarian). Sofia: IK Gutenberg. ISBN 954-617-011-9.

[demo-4] Todorov, Petar; Mihail Konstantinov (2001-01-10). "Glass Dome Project". Demokratsiya. Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2006-09-30.

[duma-5] Panchev, Lyubomir (2006-08-19). "Pro and con the reorganization of the Party House" (in Bulgarian). Duma. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved 2006-09-30.

[standart-6] Aleksandrova, Nina (2006-09-04). "The Largo is to be covered by a glass lid" (in Bulgarian). Standart News. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2006-09-30.