Open Identity Exchange

Shortly after coming into office, the Obama administration asked the U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) how to leverage open identity technologies to allow the American public to more easily, efficiently, and safely interact with federal websites such as the National Institute of Health (NIH), the Social Security Administration (SSA), and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).

At the 2009 RSA Conference, the GSA sought to build a public/private partnership with the Open ID Foundation (OIDF) and the Information Card Foundation (ICF) in order to craft a workable identity information framework that would establish the legal and policy precedents needed to establish trust for Open ID transactions.

The partnership eventually developed a trust framework model, described below. Further meetings were held at the Internet Identity Workshop in November 2009, which resulted in OIDF and ICF forming a joint steering committee. The committee's task was to study the best implementation options for the newly created framework.

The US Chief Information Officer recommended the formation of a non-profit corporation, the Open Identity Exchange (OIX). In January 2010, the OIDF and ICF approved grants to fund the creation of the Open Identity Exchange. OIX was the first trust framework provider[1] certified by the US Government. Booz Allen Hamilton, CA Technologies, Equifax, Google, PayPal, Verisign, and Verizon were all members of either OIDF and ICF, and agreed to become founding members of OIX.

The Open Identity Exchange was publicly launched at RSA 2010 and it addressed the increasing challenges of building trust in online identity as outlined below:

• Relying Parties must be able to trust that the Identity Provider is providing accurate data
• Identity Providers must be able to trust that the Relying Party is legitimate (i.e. not a hacker, phisher, etc.)
• Direct relying parties to identity provider trust agreements are a common solution, but are impossible to manage at Internet scale

In 2012 the executive director position was founded and National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace (NSTIC) pilot projects showed the growing proof of traction and increased awareness and attention. In 2012 OIX UK was formed and throughout 2013 initial UK Cabinet Office Identity Assurance Programme (IDAP) pilots were launched and white papers published.

In 2014, OIX established the OIXnet trust registry, a global authoritative registry of business, legal and technical requirements needed to ensure market adoption and global interoperability.[2]

In 2014, OIDF also announced plans to register all companies self-certifying conformance to OpenID Connect via the OpenID Certification Program on OIXnet.

It is an official online and publicly-accessible repository of documents and information relating to identity systems and identity system participants. Referred to as a “registry”, it functions as an official and centralized source of such documents and information, much like a government-operated recorder of deeds. That is, individuals and entities can register documents and information with the OIXnet registry to provide notice of their contents to the public, and members of the public seeking access to such documents or information can go to that single authoritative location to find them.

The OIXnet registry is designed to provide a single comprehensive and authoritative location where documents and information relating to a specific purpose (in this case, identity systems) can be safely stored for the purpose of putting others on notice of certain facts, and from which such documents and information can be accessed by interested stakeholders seeking such information.

OIXnet was launched in 2015. OpenID Foundation was the first registrant by registering the initial set of organizations, including Google, ForgeRock, Microsoft, NRI, PayPal and Ping Identity, certifying conformance to OpenID Connect. Additional registrations were added to OIXnet throughout 2015 and 2016 with 10 trusted identity services currently registered.

The OIXnet registry is currently in pilot in 2016 registering new and diverse trust frameworks and communities of interest.

OIX developed a chapters policy in 2015 that allows regional OIX chapters to be established. In 2016 the OIX United Kingdom Chapter was approved by OIX board and launched.

• OIX: An Open Market Solution for Online Identity Assurance

• Trust Framework Requirements and Guidelines
• The Personal Network: A New Trust Model and Business Model for Personal Data
• Federated Online Attribute Exchange Initiatives
• Personal Levels of Assurance (PLOA)
• The Three Pillars of Trust[9]

• Overview of Legal Liability in the IDAP (In development)

• Comments on U.S. NSTIC Steering Group Draft Charter and Related Governance Issues
• United States National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace Identity Ecosystem Steering Committee Plenary and Governing Board Charter
• OIX Response to "Models for a Governance Structure for the National Strategy for Trusted Identity in Cyberspace"

Open Identity Exchange (OIX) White Papers focus on current issues and opportunities in emerging identity markets. OIX white papers are intended to deliver value to the identity ecosystem and take one of two perspectives: a retrospective report on the outcome of a given project or pilot or a prospective discussion on a current issue or opportunity. OIX White Papers are authored by independent domain experts and are intended as summaries for a general business audience.

Recent published whitepapers include:

• Use of online activity as part of the identity verification[11]

• UK private sector needs for identity assurance[12]

• Use of digital identity in peer-to-peer economy[13]

• Shared signals proof of concept[14]

• Creating a digital identity in Jersey

• Just Giving and GOV.UK Verify

• Creating a pensions dashboard[15]

• Could digital identities help transform consumers attitudes and behavior towards savings?[16]

• Digital identity across borders: opening a bank account in another EU country

• Generating Revenue and Subscriber Benefits: An Analysis of: The ARPU of Identity[17]

The hypothesis was that the UK Government identity assurance model could be adapted for Jersey with the support of certified UK IdPs and potential identity assurance hub providers, to meet the requirements of SoJ. The hypothesis also considered that this would create an attractive market opportunity in Jersey for one or more of these providers.[18]

This is a 3-year project that started in September 2016 and is partially funded from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under G.A, No. 700321. The LIGHTest consortium consists of 14 partners from 9 European countries and coordinated by Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft. The project looks to reach out beyond Europe, to build a global community.

LIGHTest (Lightweight Infrastructure for Global Heterogeneous Trust management in support of an open Ecosystem of Stakeholders and Trust schemes)

The objective of LIGHTest is to create a global cross-domain trust infrastructure that renders it transparent and easy for verifiers to evaluate electronic transactions. By querying different trust authorities worldwide and combining trust aspects related to identity, business, reputation etc. it will become possible to conduct domain-specific trust decisions.

This is achieved by reusing existing governance, organization, infrastructure, standards, software, community, and know-how of the existing Domain Name System, combined with new innovative building blocks. This approach allows an efficient global rollout of a solution that assists decision makers in their trust decisions. By integrating mobile identities into the scheme, LIGHTest also enables domain-specific assessments on Levels of Assurance for these identities.

The UK Government, Cabinet Office joined the OIX at board level, as it began the work on its Identity Assurance Programme (IDAP). Through the OIX Directed Funding programme, a considerable number of projects continue to be carried out under OIX governance, the results of which have helped with the ongoing development of GOV.UK Verify. Work continues as GDS looks at how digital identities can be used in both the public and private sector.

GOV.UK Verify is built and maintained by the Government Digital Service (GDS), part of the Cabinet Office. The UK Government is committed to expanding GOV.UK Verify and helping to grow a market for identity assurance that will be able to meet user needs in relation to central government services, as well as for local, health and private sector services. GOV.UK Verify uses certified companies to verify your identity to government. A certified company is a private company that works to high industry and government standards when they verify your identity.