The Redundancy of Courage

The Redundancy of Courage is a novel by Timothy Mo published in 1991.[1] It is set in the fictitious country of Danu in Southeast Asia, which is based on East Timor.[2] It is narrated by Adolph Ng, an ethnic Chinese businessman educated in Canada.[3][4] It was shortlisted for the Booker Prize for Fiction.[5]

The Redundancy of Courage
AuthorTimothy Mo
CountryUnited Kingdom
LanguageEnglish
PublisherChatto & Windus
Publication date
1991

Plot introduction

Like East Timor, Danu is a former Portuguese colony north of Australia.[6] It is invaded and occupied by its giant neighbour, which is not named, but is based on Indonesia.[7] The people of the occupying country are referred to throughout the book as the malai.[8] This similar to malae, the word for foreigner in Tetum, East Timor's main language.[9] Danu is annexed by the malai and declared their 'fifty-eighth province',[10] over which their green and white flag is raised.[11]

Allusions/references to actual history and geography

Although the characters are fictional, they are closely based on people involved in events in East Timor during 1975.[12] Osvaldo Oliveira, commander of the FAKINTIL guerilla army, is based on Nicolau Lobato, who became Prime Minister following the unilateral declaration of independence in 1975, and Xanana Gusmão, who later became the first President of East Timor in 2002.[13] FAKOUM, the pro-independence party, is based on Fretilin.[14] FAKINTIL is similarly based on Falintil.[15][16]

Joaquim Lobato is based on exiled leader José Ramos-Horta (later Foreign Minister, Prime Minister and President).[17] Bill Mabbely is based on Australian journalist Roger East, who was killed by Indonesian troops in Dili on the day of the invasion.[17] The date of the malai invasion of Danu, 7 December, is the same as that of Indonesia's invasion of East Timor.[16][18]

Balibo, the town where five Australian-based journalists were killed,[19] is depicted in the novel, as is the killing of the journalists.[20]

References
  1. Elaine Yee Lin Ho (2000). Timothy Mo. Manchester University Press. p. xii. ISBN 9780719053900.
  2. Nicholas Jose (1995). Chinese Whispers. Wakefield Press. p. 187. ISBN 9781862543362.
  3. R. Spencer (2011). Cosmopolitan Criticism and Postcolonial Literature. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 177. ISBN 9780230305908.
  4. Ng, John Lanchester, London Review of Books, Vol. 13 No. 9, 9 May 1991
  5. "Timothy Mo British Council Literature". British Council. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
  6. Eugene Benson, Encyclopedia of Post-Colonial Literatures in English, Routledge, 2004, p. 1032.
  7. Carmen Callil; Colm Toibin (2011). The Modern Library. Constable & Robinson. p. xcix. ISBN 9781849018173.
  8. Nick Rennison (2005). Contemporary British Novelists. Routledge. p. 102. ISBN 9781134604708.
  9. Geoffrey Hull (1999). Mai Kolia Tetun. Australian Catholic Relief. p. 62. ISBN 9780646150710.
  10. Timothy Mo, The Redundancy of Courage, Vintage, 1992, p. 361.
  11. Mo, The Redundancy of Courage, 1992, p. 343.
  12. Timothy Mo's The Redundancy of Courage: An Outsider's View of Identity, The Journal of Commonwealth Literature, June 1, 1993, page 28
  13. Tapol Bulletin, Issue 105, June 1991, p. 24.
  14. Susanne Hagemann, Terranglian territories: proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on the Literature of Region and Nation, Peter Lang, 2000, p. 547.
  15. Inside Indonesia: Bulletin of the Indonesia Resources and Information Programme (IRIP), Issues 22-33, 1990, p. 33.
  16. Frédéric Durand, Timor, 1250-2005: 750 ans de cartographie et de voyages, Arkuiris, 2006, p. 462.
  17. Robert Spencer (March 2009). ""Listening for the echo": Representation and resistance in postcolonial studies" (PDF). Journal of Postcolonial Writing. 45 (1): 76.
  18. Mo, The Redundancy of Courage, 1992, p. 3.
  19. "New search for answers on Balibo Five". The Sydney Morning Herald. 17 October 2005.
  20. Mo, The Redundancy of Courage, 1992, pp. 92–95.
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