The Six Arrows

The Six Arrows (Turkish: Altı Ok) is the symbol and flag of the Turkish Republican People's Party (CHP). The arrows represent the fundamental pillars of Kemalism, Turkey's founding ideology.[1] These are Republicanism, Populism, Nationalism, Laicism, Statism, and Reformism.[2] The arrows are believed to have been conceived by İsmail Hakkı Tonguç,[3] a Turkish scientist who made significant contributions to the Turkish education system.[4] The principles of the Six Arrows were added to the Turkish Constitution on 5 February 1937. From August 1938 the flag was hoisted at all official buildings.[5]

Flag of the Republican People's Party
Atatürk's Six Main Principles symbolized by the Six Arrows.

See also

References
  1. Ter-Matevosyan, Vahram (2019). Turkey, Kemalism and the Soviet Union: Problems of Modernization, Ideology and Interpretation. London & New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  2. Solak, Mustafa (5 February 2018). "Altı Ok Anayasa'ya nasıl eklendi?" [How was the Six Arrows added to the Constitution?]. Aydınlık (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 8 June 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
  3. Uyar, Hakkı, 1930’lar Türkiye’sinde Kemalizm Algılamaları [Perceptions of Kemalism in Turkey in the 1930s] (in Turkish)
  4. "İsmail Hakkı Tonguç kimdir?" [Who is İsmail Hakkı Tonguç?]. www.biyografi.info (in Turkish). Retrieved 1 May 2019.
  5. Kreiser, Klaus (2012). Die Geschichte der Türkei [The History of Turkey] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck. p. 51. ISBN 9783406640667.


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