Hitotsubashi University

Hitotsubashi University (一橋大学, Hitotsubashi daigaku), also known as a Tokyo University of Commerce (東京商科大学, Tokyo shouka daigaku) is a national university located in Tokyo, Japan. It has campuses in Kunitachi, Kodaira, and Chiyoda. One of the top ten Designated National University in Japan, Hitotsubashi is a relatively few institution specialized solely in social sciences with about 4,000 undergraduate students and 2,100 postgraduate students. Hitotsubashi holds the distinction of being Japan's first-ever Business School.[2] Hitotsubashi is the first national university in Japan to receive accreditation from the prestigious AACSB (Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business) of the United States of America which means it is one of the top 6% business schools in the world.[3][4] It was ranked 25th in the world by Mines ParisTech: Professional Ranking of World Universities.[5]

Hitotsubashi University
一橋大学
The seal of Hitotsubashi University
MottoCaptains of Industry
TypePublic (National)
Established1920 (Origins 1875)
PresidentSatoshi Nakano
Academic staff
303 full-time
（May 2021）[1]
Undergraduates4,364（May 2021）[1]
Postgraduates1,923（May 2021）[1]
Location
Kunitachi
,
Tokyo
,
Japan
CampusUrban
ColorsCrimson Red (DIC-2489)  
MascotNone
Websitewww.hit-u.ac.jp

Established in 1875 by Mori Arinori and evolved from Tokyo University of Commerce, Hitotsubashi has been consistently ranked amongst the top universities in Japanese university rankings and considered the best in economics and commerce related subjects in Japan.[6][7]

From 1913 to the following year, the Government of Japan's Ministry of Education attempted to merge the Department of Commerce at The University of Tokyo and Hitotsubashi into an College of Commerce at Tokyo Imperial University.  After strong against, this enabled the establishment of Tokyo University of Commerce, the predecessor of Hitotsubashi. In 1920, it was officially renamed as the Tokyo University of Commerce as a Japan's first commercial college. It underwent further rebranding in 1949 to adopt its modern name "Hitotsubashi". In 1962, the name "Tokyo University of Commerce" was legally modified to "Hitotsubashi University".[8]

With a venerable history that traces back to the Tokyo University of Commerce, Hitotsubashi University wields significant influence in Japan. The university has produced over 40 senior bureaucrats for the Japanese government, including Masayoshi Ōhira, who served as the Prime Minister of Japan. The university was ranked 4th in 2023 Nikkei Survey "University Image held by Human Resources" (人事が見る大学イメージ) of leading companies of Japan[9]

Hitotsubashi University is a liberal arts college, and due to its strong emphasis on economics and business studies, it ranks within the top 400-500 in the world university rankings.[10]

Hitotsubashi has strong relationships with overseas universities. There are around 600 international students and 450 researchers from abroad under academic exchange agreements with 83 universities and research institutions.

The university's symbol is inspired by Mercury, Roman mythology's god of commerce.[11]

Detailed History
Arinori Mori, a founder of Hitotsubashi

When founded by Arinori Mori in 1875, Hitotsubashi was called the Institute for Business Training (商法講習所, Shōhō Kōshujo), where it nurtured businessmen to modernize Japan after the collapse of the feudal Tokugawa Shōgunate. The last Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu, prior to the end of his reign, sent Eiichi Shibusawa to Europe during the 1860s, where he learned of their advanced banking and economic system and brought it back to modernize Japan. The school expanded gradually with the support of Eiichi Shibusawa and Takashi Masuda and other influential individuals. Shibusawa is regarded as the father of the modern Japanese economy. Eiichi Shibusawa and Tokugawa Yoshinobu's son, Tokugawa Iesato worked together to established a number of large business enterprises, as well as academic institutions and other social service agencies which still active today, while Masuda was the founder of Mitsui & Co Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu was the head of the Hitotsubashi family, and that may well be why in 1949, the school adopted the name of Hitotsubashi University.[12][13]

There were talks about a merger with The University of Tokyo, but alumni and students objected—the merger was not fulfilled. This is known as the "Shinyu Incident".[14]

  • 1875: Arinori Mori established Institute for Business Training (商法講習所|Shōhō Kōshūjo) at Ginza-owarichō, Tokyo.
  • 1884: became a national school under the direct supervision of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce of Japan, and changed its name to the Tokyo Commercial School (東京商業学校|Tokyo Shōgyō Gakkō).
  • 1885: came under the control of the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan, and absorbed the Tokyo Foreign Language School. The school then relocated to the site of the latter institution in an education district called Hitotsubashi, Tokyo in the vicinity of the Imperial Palace.
  • 1887: the status of the Tokyo Commercial School was raised to that of the Higher Commercial School (高等商業学校|Kōtō Shōgyō Gakkō).
  • 1897: established affiliated institutions for foreign-language education.
  • 1899: separated affiliated institutions for foreign-language education as Tokyo School of Foreign Languages (now Tokyo University of Foreign Studies).
  • 1902: changed its name to the Tokyo Higher Commercial School (東京高等商業学校|Tōkyō Kōtō Shōgyō Gakkō) due to the establishment of another such school in Kansai district (now Kobe University).
  • 1920: raised to and became the Tokyo University of Commerce (東京商科大学|Tōkyō Shōka Daigaku) which is the first university of commerce in Japan.
  • 1927: moved to Kunitachi and Kodaira, Tokyo, its present location, on account of the Great Kanto earthquake.
  • 1944: changed its name to the Tokyo University of Industry (東京産業大学|Tōkyō Sangyō Daigaku) under the order of the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan.
  • 1947: changed its name back to the Tokyo University of Commerce (東京商科大学|Tōkyō Shōka Daigaku).
  • 1949: adopted the new system and the name of Hitotsubashi University (一橋大学|Hitotsubashi Daigaku) through a student ballot, when the American education system was introduced as part of the postwar education reforms, and established Faculties of Commerce, Economics, and Law & Social Sciences.
  • 1951: separated Faculty of Law & Social Sciences into Faculty of Law and Faculty of Social Science.
  • 1962: changed Tokyo University of Commerce’s legal name to Hitotsubashi University.
  • 1996: established the Graduate School of Language and Society.
  • 1998: established the Graduate School of International Corporate Strategy (ICS) which is now part of Hitotsubashi Business School (HUB).
  • 2004: corporatized in 2004 as a National University Corporation. Established Law School due to the introduction of Law School system in Japan.
  • 2005: established School of International and Public Policy.
  • 2018: established Hitotsubashi University Business School (HUB) which includes ICS (SBA).
  • 2019: selected as a "Designated National University".
  • 2023: established School of Social Data Science & Graduate School of Social Data Science.

Faculties and graduate schools
Kanematsu auditorium on the Kunitachi Campus

Hitotsubashi University has about 4,500 undergraduate and 2,100 postgraduate students with some 630 faculty members.

Undergraduate programs
  • Commerce (275)
  • Economics (275)
  • Law (175)
  • Social Sciences (235)

Graduate programs
  • Commerce (Master Program: 108, Doctor Program: 30)
  • Economics (Master Program: 70, Doctor Program: 30)
  • Law (Master Program: 15, Doctor Program: 26 Juris Doctor Program: 100)
  • Social Sciences (Master Program: 87, Doctor Program: 44)
  • Language and Society (Master Program: 49, Doctor Program: 21)
  • International Corporate Strategy (ICS) (including MBA Program)
  • International and Public Policy (55)

Parentheses show the numbers of admitted students per year.[15]

Research institutes and centers
Library on the Kunitachi Campus
  • Institute of Economic Research
    • Research Center for Information and Statistics of Social Science
    • Center for Economic Institutions[16]
    • Center for Intergenerational Studies[17]
  • Research and Development Center for Higher Education
  • Information and Communication Technology Center
  • Center for Student Exchange[18]
  • International Joint Research Center
  • Institute of Innovation Research[19]
  • Center for Historical Social Science Literature[20]

Academic exchange agreements overseas

As of 2007, Hitotsubashi University had academic exchange agreements with 84 overseas universities and research institutions, including those between departments and departments, as follows:[21]

Academic rankings
University rankings
WE National[22] Employment 1
NBP Greater Tokyo[23][24] Reputation 5
Shimano National[25] Selectivity SA
ENSMP World[26] Alumni 25
Program rankings
Social Sciences & Humanities
LAW
Asahi National[27] Research 7

Hitotsubashi University is considered one of the most prestigious universities in Japan, consistently ranking amongst the top universities in Japanese university rankings. It is one of the highest ranked national universities that is not one of the National Seven Universities.

Hitotsubashi is a specialized institution only in social science, thus it is not as well known as other big universities such as University of Tokyo and Kyoto University. Although it has only social science departments and the place in the university rankings is always underrated, the reputation is very high. Consequently, its outstanding position in Japan can be seen in the several rankings below.

General rankings

The university was ranked 7th out of 181 major universities in 2011 in the ranking called "Truly strong universities (本当に強い大学)" by Toyo Keizai.[28] In this ranking, Hitotsubashi is 1st in average graduate salary.

According to QS World University Rankings, Hitotsubashi was ranked 314th, 314th, 420th, 378th and 365th in the world during 2005–2009. It has been ranked 114th, 101st, 99th and 178th during 2007–2010 in its social science ranking.[29]

Research performance

The Weekly Diamond reported that Hitotsubashi has the 4th highest research standard in Japan in research funding per researcher in COE Program.[30] In the same article, it is ranked seventh in quality of education by GP funds per student.

The economics department especially has a high research standard. According to the Asahi Shimbun, Hitotsubashi was ranked 4th in Japan in economic research during 2005–2009.[31] More recently, Repec in January 2011 ranked Hitotsubashi's Economic Department as Japan's 5th best economic research university.[32] Currently three researchers in Hitotsubashi are listed as top 10% economists in its world economist rankings.[33] Hitotsubashi has provided seven presidents of the Japanese Economic Association in its 42-year history; this number is the second largest.[34]

Asahi Shimbun summarized the number of academic papers in Japanese major legal journals by university, and Hitotsubashi was ranked 7th during 2005–2009.

Graduate school rankings

Hitotsubashi Law School is considered one of top law schools in Japan, as it was ranked No. 1 in the passing rate of Japanese Bar Examination in 2006, 2008 and 2009.[35] On average, Hitotsubashi Law School was 1st out of all the 74 law schools in Japan according to the ratio, 81.5%, of the successful graduates who passed the bar examinations from 2007 to 2017.[36] In 2019, Hitotsubashi Law School became 2nd out of all the 72 law schools in Japan according to the ratio, 59.82%, of the successful graduates who passed the bar examination.[37][38]

Hitotsubashi Business School is ranked 2nd in Japan by Nikkei Shimbun.[39] Eduniversal ranked Japanese business schools and Hitotsubashi was ranked 3rd in Japan (100th in the world).[40] In this ranking, Hitotsubashi is one of three Japanese business schools categorized in "Universal business schools with major international influence". It is one of the few Japanese business schools teaching in English.

Alumni rankings

Hitotsubashi alumni are distinctively successful in Japanese industries such as shown below.

According to the Weekly Economist 2010 rankings and the President's article on October 16, 2006, graduates from Hitotsubashi have the best employment rate in 400 major companies; the average graduate salary is the second best in Japan.[41][42] Mines ParisTech : Professional Ranking World Universities ranks Hitotsubashi University as 25th in the world in 2011 in the number of alumni listed among CEOs in the 500 largest worldwide companies, although Hitotsubashi is small compared to other Japanese universities in the ranks.[5]

The university is ranked 8th in Japan for the number of alumni holding executive positions in the listed companies of Japan, and this number per student (probability of becoming an executive) is 2nd in Japan.[43][44]

Popularity and selectivity

Hitotsubashi is one of the most selective universities in Japan. Its entrance difficulty is usually considered one of the most difficult, alongside University of Tokyo, Kyoto University and Tokyo Institute of Technology among 180 national and public universities. Japanese people call them as "tokyoikko(東京一工)" They are one of the most difficult universities for Japanese people to enter them. Universities in Japan are ranked based on a hensachi score. This tells how far from the statistical mean a typical student admitted to a university scores on a test. A score of 50 is at the mean. It is generally believed that the best universities have the highest hensachi score. These universities are ranked 1st to 4th place. So high school students have to get highest hensachi score to enter them.

[45][46][47][48]

Evaluation from Business World
The university ranking according to the ratio of "president and chief executive officer of listed company"
Ranking
all universities in Japan 2nd[49]　out of all the 744[50] universities which existed as of 2006
Source 2006 Survey[49] by Weekly Diamond 〈ja〉 on the ranking of the universities which produced the high ratio of the graduates who hold the position of "president and chief executive officer of listed company" to all the graduates of each university
The university ranking according to the ratio of the number of the officers & managers produced by each university to the number of graduates
Ranking
all universities in Japan 1st[51]　out of all the 778[52] universities which existed as of 2010
Source 2010 Survey[51] by Weekly Economist 〈ja〉 on the ranking of universities according to the ratio of the number of the officers & managers produced by each university to the number of graduates
The university ranking according to the order of the evaluation by Personnel Departments of Leading Companies in Japan
Ranking
Japan 10th[53] (out of 781[54]　universities in Japan as of 2020)
Source 2020 Nikkei Survey[55] to all listed (3,714[56]) and leading unlisted (1,100), totally 4,814 companies[55]

Notable faculty

Notable alumni
Josui Kaikan

The university's alumni association is called Josuikai (如水会) and its main building (Josui Kaikan) is next to the building where Graduate School of International Corporate Strategy (ICS) is in Kanda, Tokyo.

World leaders

Other politicians

Diplomats

Judges, bureaucrats

Industry

Academia

Others

References
  1. As of May 1, 2021 - "HITOTSUBASHI UNIVERSITY" (PDF). Hitotsubashi University. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
  2. "Business Administration Program/ Hitotsubashi University Business School". www.ma.hub.hit-u.ac.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-09-07.
  3. "Business Administration Program/ Hitotsubashi University Business School". www.ma.hub.hit-u.ac.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-09-07.
  4. "School of Business Administration, Hitotsubashi University | AACSB Accredited". www.aacsb.edu. Retrieved 2023-09-07.
  5. Classements de l'école d'ingénieurs - MINES ParisTech Archived 2011-07-20 at the Wayback Machine. Mines-paristech.fr (2012-10-25). Retrieved on 2013-08-23.
  6. "Japanese universities: Introduction". Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  7. Makoto IKEMA, "Hitotsubashi University, 1875-2000: A Hundred and Twenty-five Years of Higher Education in Japan" Palgrave Macmillan 2000
  8. 株式会社新潮社. "第18回 「実用か、教養か」一橋大学の揺れるアイデンティティ ｜ 「反東大」の思想史 ｜ 尾原宏之 ｜ 連載 ｜ 考える人 ｜ 新潮社". 考える人 (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-09-13.
  9. "人事が見る大学イメージランキング2023 京都大学が2年連続首位". 6 June 2023.
  10. ICS, Hitotsubashi. "Hitotsubashi ICS ranked No.1 MBA in Japan (QS ranking 2022)". info.ics.hub.hit-u.ac.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-09-13.
  11. "一橋大学の校章「マーキュリー」の由来". Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  12. "Introduction to The Art of Peace: the illustrated biography of Prince Iyesato Tokugawa". TheEmperorAndTheSpy.com. 2020.
  13. Katz, Stan S. (2019). The Art of Peace. Horizon Productions. pp. Chapter 7.
  14. "History｜About Us｜Hitotsubashi University". Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  15. 入学者選抜要項／入学定員 Archived 2009-03-18 at the Wayback Machine
  16. "Center for Economic Institutions". Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  17. "Center for Intergenerational Studies". Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  18. Hitotsubashi University. "一橋大学 国際教育センター・国際課". Archived from the original on 4 May 2012. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  19. "一橋大学イノベーション研究センター｜一橋大学". Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  20. Center for Historical Social Science Literature, Hitotsubashi University Archived 2009-04-23 at the Wayback Machine
  21. Hitotsubashi University Data 2008 Archived 2011-07-24 at the Wayback Machine
  22. "Employment rate in 400 major companies rankings" (in Japanese). Weekly Economist. 2011. Retrieved April 29, 2011.
  23. "Nikkei BP Brand rankings of Japanese universities" (in Japanese). Nikkei Business Publications. 2010. Retrieved April 29, 2011.
  24. "Nikkei BP Brand rankings of Japanese universities" (in Japanese). Nikkei Business Publications. 2009. Retrieved April 29, 2011.
  25. "GBUDU University Rankings" (in Japanese). YELL books. 2009. Retrieved April 29, 2011.
  26. "ENSMP World University Rankings" (PDF). École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris. 2011. Retrieved April 29, 2011.
  27. Asahi Shimbun University rankings 2010 "Publification rankings in Law (Page 4)" (PDF) (in Japanese). Asahi Shimbun. 2010. Retrieved May 11, 2011.
  28. 本当に強い大学【2010年版】総合ランキング･トップ100-東大5連覇、京大が阪大を逆転、関学躍進 | オリジナル | 東洋経済オンライン | 新世代リーダーのためのビジネスサイト Archived 2012-03-13 at the Wayback Machine. Toyokeizai.net. Retrieved on 2013-08-23.
  29. All Study Destinations Archived 2011-08-19 at the Wayback Machine. Top Universities. Retrieved on 2013-08-23.
  30. "週刊ダイヤモンド" ダイヤモンド社 2010/2/27 http://web.sapmed.ac.jp/kikaku/information/0227daiyamondokiji.pdf
  31. "University rankings 2011" Asahi Shinbun
  32. Within Country and State Rankings at IDEAS: Japan. Ideas.repec.org. Retrieved on 2013-08-23.
  33. Economist Rankings at IDEAS. Ideas.repec.org. Retrieved on 2013-08-23.
  34. Japanese Economic Association - JEA Global Site. Jeaweb.org. Retrieved on 2013-08-23.
  35. 第3回新司法試験の結果について Archived 2009-04-08 at the Wayback Machine
  36. 法科大学院別司法試験累計合格者数等(累計合格率順)｜文部科学省 (in Japanese)
  37. 令和元年司法試験結果　合格率順(合格者/受験者)　9月10日発表(一橋大学法科大学院調べ) (in Japanese)
  38. LAW SCHOOL GUIDE (in Japanese)
  39. Recent News | Hitotsubashi University ICS - MBA Japan Archived 2011-05-29 at the Wayback Machine. Ics.hit-u.ac.jp. Retrieved on 2013-08-23.
  40. University and business school ranking in Japan. Eduniversal-ranking.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-23.
  41. Yomiuri Weekly 2005/7/10
  42. 年収偏差値・給料偏差値ランキング（2006・10・16）：稼げる大学はどれ？. Hensachi-ranking.seesaa.net (1999-02-22). Retrieved on 2013-08-23.
  43. 出身大学別上場企業役員数ランキング (in Japanese). 大学ranking.net. Archived from the original on 2010-12-06. Retrieved 2011-04-26.
  44. 役員輩出率 大学ベスト30. Ranking100.web.fc2.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-23.
  45. Private universities apply different kind of exams. Thus it is only comparable between universities in the same category.
  46. E.g. Yoyogi seminar published Hensachi (the indication showing the entrance difficulties by prep schools) rankings "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-04-22. Retrieved 2016-07-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  47. In this ranking for example, Hitotsubashi Law course has the entrance difficulty of 90%, which is the top with University of Tokyo, and Economics course in Hitotsubashi as 2nd with 89%.
  48. Japanese journalist Kiyoshi Shimano ranks its entrance difficulty as SA (most selective/out of 11 scales) in Japan. 危ない大学・消える大学 2012年版 (in Japanese). YELL books. 2011. ASIN 4753930181.
  49. Weekly Diamond The ranking of the universities which produced the high ratio of the graduates who hold the position of "president and chief executive officer of listed company" to all the graduates of each university(in Japanese)
  50. The number of universities and students｜National Universities Association(in Japanese)
  51. Is it a story of the past that graduates from famous universities can easily move up the career ladder? / RECRUIT AGENT(in Japanese)
  52. University reform reference materials / Cabinet Secretariat(in Japanese)
  53. Survey on the image seen from human resources personnel：Ranking of the ability to get jobs｜Nikkei HR 2020.06.03　release
  54. The number of universities in Japan is 781 as of April 1, 2020. About 80% are private universities.｜Ōbun Sha
  55. Image held by human resources personnel of companies of Japan / Yokohama National University ranked 1st in Kantō & Kōshin'etsu region / Valuation from the ex-students already employed / The Nikkei・Nikkei HR Survey　2020-06-04 17:27
  56. Number of listed companies & listed shares of stock｜JPX
  57. "Haruhiko Kuroda". 10 April 2019.
  58. "Tenure Offered To Ramseyer". Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  59. "Schumpeter prize".
  60. "Als die Sonne vom Himmel fiel" (in German). Festival del film Locarno. Retrieved 2015-08-08.
  61. Connor, R. E. "How That Road Got Its Name." Houston Post, Sunday May 2, 1965. Spotlight, Page 3. - Available on microfilm at the Houston Public Library Central Library Jesse H. Jones Building
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