Ray spider

Theridiosomatidae, commonly known as Ray Spiders, are a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1881.[2] The family includes 137 species divided between 20 genera.[1] They are most recognizable for their construction of cone-shaped webs.[3]

Ray spiders
Temporal range:
Wendilgarda, female
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Theridiosomatidae
Simon, 1881[1]
Diversity
20 genera, 132 species

Genera

As of April 2023, the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:[1]

  • Andasta Simon, 1895 – Seychelles, Malaysia, Sri Lanka
  • Baalzebub Coddington, 1986 – Central America, Brazil, Australia, China
  • Chthonopes Wunderlich, 2011 – Laos
  • Chthonos Coddington, 1986 – Ecuador, Brazil, Peru
  • Coddingtonia Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009 – Malaysia, Laos
  • Cuacuba Prete, Cizauskas & Brescovit, 2018
  • Epeirotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 – Mexico, Costa Rica
  • Epilineutes Coddington, 1986 – Mexico, Brazil
  • Karstia Chen, 2010 – China
  • Menglunia Zhao & Li, 2012 – China
  • Naatlo Coddington, 1986 – Central America, South America, Trinidad and Tobago
  • Ogulnius O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 – South America, Caribbean, Panama, Asia
  • Parogulnius Archer, 1953 – United States
  • Plato Coddington, 1986 – South America, Trinidad
  • Sennin Suzuki, Hiramatsu & Tatsuta, 2022 – Japan
  • Sinoalaria Zhao & Li, 2014 – China
  • Tagalogonia Labarque & Griswold, 2014 – Philippines
  • Theridiosoma O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879 – South America, Africa, Oceania, North America, Asia, Central America, Jamaica
  • Wendilgarda Keyserling, 1886 – Asia, São Tomé and Príncipe, Central America, Brazil, Mexico, Caribbean
  • Zoma Saaristo, 1996 – China, Seychelles

Fossil species
  • †Eoepeirotypus Wunderlich 2004 Baltic amber, Eocene
  • †Eotheridiosoma Wunderlich 2004 Bitterfeld amber, Baltic amber, Eocene
  • †Palaeoepeirotypus Wunderlich 1988 Dominican amber, Miocene
  • †Umerosoma Wunderlich 2004 Baltic amber, Eocene
  • †"Baalzebub" mesozoicum Penney 2014 - Vendée amber, France, Turonian[4] later considered to be stem-theridiosomatid[5]

See also

References
  1. "Family: Theridiosomatidae Simon, 1881". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2023-04-25.
  2. Simon, E. (1881). Les arachnides de France. Tome cinquième, première partie.
  3. Kaston, B.J. (1972). How to Know the Spiders. Pictured key nature series (3rd ed.). Dubuque, IA: Wm C. Brown Company Publishers. ISBN 9780697048981. OCLC 668250654.
  4. "A fossil ray spider (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) in Cretaceous amber from Vendée, France". Paleontological Contributions. 2014-12-01. doi:10.17161/pc.1808.15982. ISSN 1946-0279.
  5. Magalhaes, Ivan L. F.; Azevedo, Guilherme H. F.; Michalik, Peter; Ramírez, Martín J. (February 2020). "The fossil record of spiders revisited: implications for calibrating trees and evidence for a major faunal turnover since the Mesozoic". Biological Reviews. 95 (1): 184–217. doi:10.1111/brv.12559. ISSN 1464-7931. PMID 31713947. S2CID 207937170.
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