Thirty-Second Army (Japan)
The Japanese 32nd Army (第32軍, Dai Sanjū-ni gun) was an army of the Imperial Japanese Army during the final stages of World War II. It was annihilated during the Battle of Okinawa.
| Japanese Thirty-Second Army | |
|---|---|
 Japanese Commanders on Okinawa: (photographed early in February 1945). In center: (1) Admiral Minoru Ota, (2) Lt. Gen. Mitsuru Ushijima, (3) Lt. Gen. Isamu Cho, (4) Col. Hitoshi Kanayama, (5) Col. Kikuji Hongo, and (6) Col. Hiromichi Yahara. | |
| Active | March 3, 1944 - June 23, 1945 |
| Country | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Empire of Japan |
| Branch | Imperial Japanese Army |
| Type | Corps |
| Role | Garrison |
| Garrison/HQ | Naha, Okinawa |
| Nickname(s) | Tama-Butai (球部隊, Orb Division) |
| Engagements | Battle of Okinawa |
History
The Japanese 32nd Army was formed on March 13, 1944 as part of the last desperate defense effort by the Empire of Japan to deter possible landings of Allied forces in Okinawa and the surrounding Ryukyu Islands. The Japanese 32nd Army had 77,000 men (39,000 infantry in 31 battalions and 38,000 artillery, armor and combat service troops) plus the 10,000 man Okinawa Naval Base Force and 42,000 Okinawan conscripts. However, many of its personnel were poorly trained reservists, conscripted students and home guard militia. It was annihilated during the Battle of Okinawa from April to June, 1945.
List of commanders
Commanding officer
| Name | From | To | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lieutenant General Masao Watanabe | 22 March 1944 | 8 August 1944 |
| 2 | Lieutenant General Mitsuru Ushijima | 8 August 1944 | June 22, 1945 (KIA) |
Chief of Staff
| Name | From | To | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Major General Kiyoshi Kitagawa | 22 March 1944 | 8 July 1944 |
| 2 | Lieutenant General Isamu Chō | 8 July 1944 | 22 June 1945 (KIA) |
Structure
- 32nd Army, HQ at Naha, Okinawa
- 9th Infantry Division (transferred to Taiwan, Dec 1944)
- 24th Infantry Division - a conventional triangular division
- 22nd Infantry Regiment
- 23rd Infantry Regiment
- 44th Artillery Regiment
- 89th infantry Regiment
- 62nd Infantry Division (a light two brigade COIN division that came from China).
- 63rd Infantry Brigade
- 64th Infantry Brigade
- 28th Infantry Division
- 44th Independent Mixed Brigade
- 2nd Independent Mixed Regiment
- 15th Independent Mixed Regiment
- 45th Independent Mixed Brigade
- 59th Independent Mixed Brigade
- 60th Independent Mixed Brigade
- Independent 27th Tank Regiment
References
- Appleman, Roy Edgar, Burns, James M., Gugeler, Russel A., and Stevens, John, Gerald (1948). Okinawa: The Last Battle. Washington DC: United States Army Center of Military History. ISBN 1-4102-2206-3.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Astor, Gerald (1996). Operation Iceberg: The Invasion and Conquest of Okinawa in World War II. Dell. ISBN 0-440-22178-1.
- Feifer, George (2001). The Battle of Okinawa: The Blood and the Bomb. The Lyons Press. ISBN 1-58574-215-5.
- Frank, Richard B (1999). Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-679-41424-X.
- Jowett, Bernard (1999). The Japanese Army 1931-45 (Volume 2, 1942-45). Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-354-3.
- Madej, Victor (1981). Japanese Armed Forces Order of Battle, 1937-1945. Game Publishing Company. ASIN: B000L4CYWW.
- Marston, Daniel (2005). The Pacific War Companion: From Pearl Harbor to Hiroshima. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-882-0.
- Wheelan, Joseph (2020). Bloody Okinawa (Paperback). New York: Hachette. ISBN 978-0-306-90320-5.
External links
- Wendel, Marcus. "Axis History Factbook". Japanese Thirty Second Army.