Overton Brooks

Thomas Overton Brooks (December 21, 1897 – September 16, 1961)[1] was a Democratic U.S. representative from the Shreveport-based Fourth Congressional District of northwestern Louisiana, having served for a quarter century beginning on January 3, 1937.

For other persons named Tom or Thomas Brooks, see Thomas Brooks (disambiguation).
Thomas Overton Brooks
Chairman of the House Science Committee
In office
January 3, 1959 – September 16, 1961
SpeakerSam Rayburn
Preceded byCommittee established
Succeeded byGeorge P. Miller
Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from Louisiana's 4th district
In office
January 3, 1937 – September 16, 1961
Preceded byJohn N. Sandlin
Succeeded byJoe Waggonner
Personal details
Born(1897-12-21)December 21, 1897
Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S.
DiedSeptember 16, 1961(1961-09-16) (aged 63)
Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.
Resting placeForest Park East Cemetery in Shreveport, Louisiana
Political partyDemocratic
SpouseMary Fontaine "Mollie" Meriwether Brooks (married 1932-1961, his death)
RelationsJohn H. Overton (uncle)
Walter Hampden Overton (great-grandfather)
ChildrenLaura Anne Brooks
Parent(s)Claude M. and Penelope Overton Brooks
Residence(s)Shreveport, Louisiana
Alma materLouisiana State University, Baton Rouge (LLB)
OccupationAttorney
Military service
Branch/serviceUnited States Army
Years of serviceWorld War I
The Veterans Administration Hospital in Shreveport, Louisiana, is named for Overton Brooks; photo taken from Clyde Fant Parkway (2012)

Of a prominent family, Brooks was a nephew of U.S. Senator John Holmes Overton and a great-grandson of Walter Hampden Overton. At the time of his death, he was chairman of the House Science and Astronautics Committee.

Before politics

Brooks was born in Baton Rouge to Claude M. Brooks and the former Penelope Overton. He graduated from public schools. Brooks served overseas during World War I as an enlisted man in the Sixth Field Artillery, First Division, Regular Army, 1918–1919.

After the war, he obtained a degree in 1923 from Louisiana State University Law Center in Baton Rouge. He was admitted to the bar and began his practice in Shreveport in Caddo Parish in the northwestern corner of his state.

On June 1, 1932, Brooks married the former Mary Fontaine "Mollie" Meriwether (1904-1995),[2] a daughter of Minor Meriwether (1862-1949), a planter and banker originally from Hernando, Mississippi, and the former Anne Finley McNutt (1865-1943), both of whom died in Shreveport. Overton and Mollie Brooks had one child, Laura Anne Brooks (1936-1994), who like her mother died in Houston, Texas.[2]

Political career

1940

Brooks faced a showdown with Henry Andrew O'Neal (1879-1970), a Shreveport insurance agent originally from Linden in Cass County, Texas.[3] In the primary election, state Representative Wellborn Jack of Caddo Parish and J. Frank Colbert, the former mayor of Minden, were eliminated from further consideration.[4] In the second round of balloting, Brooks received 19,375 votes (55.6 percent) to O'Neal's 15,450 (44.4 percent).[5]

In 1947–8, he served on the Herter Committee.[6]

1948

In 1948, Brooks defeated two intra-party rivals Harvey Locke Carey of Minden, a former short-term U.S. attorney for the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana, and former State Senator Lloyd Hendrick, a Natchitoches Parish native residing in Shreveport.

1952

He decried inflated home prices and large federal withholding rates from paychecks so that many could "barely buy groceries."[7] May claimed that Brooks had given tacit support of a "Marxist" foreign policy: We cannot return sanity in foreign affairs by returning to Congress the same men who got us into this mess."[8]

1956

Brooks was reelected to Congress twelve times. In 1956, he signed the Southern Manifesto, a failed congressional attempt to block desegregation of public schools ordered by the United States Supreme Court in the case Brown v. Board of Education. For a time the segregationist publisher Ned Touchstone of Bossier City worked on Brooks' staff. Brooks also urged the strengthening national defense, the expanded production of natural gas, rural electrification, and "fair prices" for farm, dairy, and ranch products.[9]

1960, the last congressional race

In 1960, during a KKK rally led by Roy Davis, a cross was burnt in the front yard of Brooks' home leading to a police investigation and the arrest of Roy Davis.[10][11]

In Brooks' last election to Congress in 1960, he faced another Republican challenger, Fred Charles McClanahan Jr. (1918–2007), a contractor from Shreveport who was reared in Homer in Claiborne Parish. McClanahan flew sixty-eight combat missions in World War II and received the Distinguished Flying Cross, the Air Medal, and the Purple Heart. His wife, Mary, an educator, was active in the League of Women Voters. George Despot, later a state Republican chairman, was his campaign manager. McClanahan called for a two-party system, which he maintained would "bring us new recognition and respect in national affairs and stabilize state government with a constant watchdog ..."[12] McClanahan, who endorsed the Nixon-Lodge ticket, called for the United States "to lead the free world in resisting the spread of communism and winning the Cold War in this hemisphere and in every country. ... Our foreign aid program must be re-evaluated on the basis of our aims...."[12] Like Brooks, McClanahan affirmed his support for states' rights and segregation, having proclaimed "No right of the United States government to force integration in public schools."[12]

Brooks prevailed in his final race, 74-26 percent, though the Kennedy-Johnson ticket did not carry the Fourth Congressional District.

Committee service

Brooks served on the U.S. House Committee on Armed Services from 1947 to 1958, and he then became the first chairman of the newly formed House Space Committee (later Science and Astronautics), reportedly because his seniority entitled him to a more important post on Armed Services than he was considered capable of handling. He was reappointed in 1961. It was Brooks who proposed a civilian, rather than military, space program. On May 4, 1961, his committee sent a memo to then-Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson on this subject. U.S. President John F. Kennedy's speech which prompted the development of the Apollo program was delivered a few weeks later.[13]

The Overton Brooks Veterans Administration Medical Center at 510 East Stoner Street in Shreveport south of Interstate 20 and viewed from along the Clyde Fant Parkway is named in his honor.[14]

Two conservative legislative assistants to Representative Brooks, Ned Touchstone and Billy McCormack,[15] went on to careers of their own in advocacy journalism and the Christian ministry.

Portrait of Brooks in the Collection of the U.S. House of Representatives

Death and legacy

A few months after the roll call vote on enlargement of the House Rules Committee, Brooks died of a heart attack at Bethesda Naval Hospital in Bethesda, Maryland. [16]

Speaker Rayburn died exactly two months after Brooks.

Brooks was a member of the Masonic Lodge, the Shriners, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, American Legion, Veterans of Foreign Wars, and the Kiwanis International.

Brooks is interred at Forest Park Cemetery East in Shreveport, the resting place of many Shreveport politicians. He was Episcopalian.

The Veterans Administration Hospital in Shreveport was renamed for Brooks in 1988.[17]

See also

References
  1. "Overton Brooks dies", Shreveport Times, September 17, 1961, p. 1
  2. "Mary Fontaine "Mollie" Meriwether Brooks". Findagrave.com. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  3. "Henry Andrew O'Neal". Findagrave.com. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
  4. "Kennon Will Met Judge Drew in Runoff; Overton Brooks Leads Race", Minden Herald, September 13, 1940, p. 1
  5. "Kennon, Brooks Win Races: Kennon Defeats Drew in Court of Appeal Race; Overton Brooks Wins over Henry A. O'Neal in Congressional Race", Minden Herald, October 18, 1940, p. 1
  6. "Final Report on Foreign Aid of the House Select Committee on Foreign Aid" (PDF). Marshall Foundation. May 1, 1948. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
  7. Minden Press, June 13, 1952, p. 12
  8. Minden Press (advertisement), June 27, 1952, p. 5
  9. Minden Herald, July 26, 1956, p. 2
  10. "Cross Burning". The Times of Shreveport. February 9, 1961.
  11. "US Attorney Studies Cross Burning Here". The Times of Shreveport. February 11, 1961.
  12. Fred McClanahan advertisement, Minden Press, Minden, Louisiana, October 17, 1960, p. 5
  13. Launius, Roger D. (July 2004) [Originally published July 1994]. Apollo: A Retrospective Analysis (PDF). Monographs in Aerospace History. Vol. 3. Washington, D.C.: NASA History Office. pp. 54–76. Retrieved June 15, 2022.
  14. "Overton Brooks VA Medical Center". switchboard.com. Retrieved June 15, 2012.
  15. "Billy McCormack". mccormackmissiongroup.com. Retrieved June 10, 2012.
  16. James C. Gardner, Jim Gardner and Shreveport, Vol. II (Shreveport: Ritz Publications, 2006), pp. 30–31
  17. "History". 29 September 2021.
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