Thomas W. Osborn

Osborn was born in Scotch Plains, New Jersey, the son of John and Amelia Osborn. He and his family moved to North Wilna, New York in 1842 where he worked on the family farm until 1854. In 1854, Osborn took college preparatory courses and, in 1860, he graduated from Madison University (now Colgate University) of Hamilton, New York.

After graduating, Osborn worked in a law office in Watertown, New York and was admitted to the New York bar association in 1861.

With the American Civil War looming, Osborn did not practice law for long. After the First Battle of Bull Run in 1861, he entered the Union Army as lieutenant. From his home in Jefferson County, New York, Osborn raised a company for light artillery service which became known as Company (or Battery) D, First Regiment, New York Light Artillery.

Osborn's company served with the Army of the Potomac earning high marks and he was promoted to captain, major and colonel. As major, Osborn served under Major General Oliver O. Howard in the XI Corps leading in exemplary fashion (although the XI Corps was routed in both the Battle of Chancellorsville and Battle of Gettysburg). Osborn commanded the corps' artillery brigade at Gettysburg, and he was involved in the defense of Cemetery Hill on July 2, 1863, when the position was attacked by troops of Maj. Gen. Jubal Early.

Osborn transferred to the Western theater with Howard. He served as inspector general when Howard became commander of the Army of the Tennessee. He left a detailed account of Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman's March to the Sea.

After Osborn's military service ended, he was appointed assistant commissioner for the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands as part of Reconstruction in Florida in 1865 and 1866. He also practiced law while living in Tallahassee, Florida.

Osborn was a member of the State constitutional convention which created The 1868 Florida Constitution. He then moved to Pensacola, Florida and was elected to the Florida Senate.

Shortly thereafter, Florida was reinstated to the U.S. Congress. While still only in his mid-30s, Osborn was elected to the United States Senate as a Republican and served from 1868 to 1873. He is credited with being instrumental in passing legislation to complete construction of the Washington Monument[2] (which had been halted since before the Civil War).

Osborn did not run for reelection in 1872. He served as the U.S. commissioner at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1876, the first official world's fair in the United States.

In his retirement, Osborn engaged in law and literature in New York City where he died in 1898. Thomas Osborn is interred at Hillside Cemetery in North Adams, Massachusetts.

• List of United States senators from Florida
• United States congressional delegations from Florida

• United States Congress. "Thomas W. Osborn (id: O000109)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved on 2008-02-14
• Thomas Ward Osborn; Herb S. Crumb; Kather Ine Dhalle (1993), No Middle Ground: Thomas Ward Osborn's Letters from the Field (1862-1864), Edmonston Publishing, Inc. 224 pp. ISBN 0-9622393-4-8.
• Thomas Ward Osborn, The fiery trail: a Union officer's account of Sherman's last campaigns, Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1986. 238 pp. ISBN 0-87049-500-3
• John A. Haddock (1894), The growth of a century: As illustrated in the history of Jefferson County, New York, from 1793 to 1894, Sherman & Co. 843 pp. ASIN B0008945NG

• Thomas W. Osborn biography excerpt from the John A. Haddock book (archived copy)
• Major Osborn's report from the Battle of Gettysburg