Thuli Madonsela

As Public Protector, Madonsela investigated complaints regarding public spending on Zuma's private homestead in the KwaZulu-Natal town of Nkandla.[27] Her final report on security upgrades to Zuma's homestead titled Secure in Comfort was published on 19 March 2014. Madonsela found that Zuma had benefited unduly from the R246 million the state had spent on the upgrades.[28][29] Her report has been met with much criticism and opposition from representatives of the ANC ruling party. Shortly before her final report was made public, ANC secretary general Gwede Mantashe and cabinet minister Lindiwe Sisulu made public statements undermining Madonsela and her report, with Mantashe calling it a "political report".[3][30] After its publication, the African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) called for Madonsela's resignation, and members of the ANCYL and the ANC-aligned Congress of South African Students (COSAS) made disparaging remarks about her. COSAS, which had been admonished by female cabinet minister Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula for a "sexist" remark, subsequently retracted "a personal address to comrade Madonsela".[31][32][33] ANC chief whip Stone Sizani said "we strongly believe that she has overstepped the mark" by making some "disparaging remarks" with "political overtones".[3][34] A group of lawyers from KwaZulu-Natal started a public campaign to discredit her report, and she was accused of having a political agenda by cabinet minister Fikile Mbalula.[24][35] On 4 July 2014, ANC MPs in the justice portfolio committee objected to Madonsela's "views that are political in nature" and committee chairperson Mathole Motshekga suggested that the powers of the Public Protector, which are governed by the country's constitution, be reviewed.[36][37]

Zuma made a submission to Parliament on 14 August 2014 regarding Madonsela's report on Nkandla.[38] Madonsela wrote a letter to Zuma dated 21 August 2014, stating that his submission to Parliament was not an adequate response to her report and requesting a response to her letter by 4 September 2014.[39][40][41] During a media briefing on 26 August 2014, Gwede Mantashe criticised her handling of the matter, saying the ANC want her to "behave correctly" and "not abuse" her term of office, while his deputy Jessie Duarte expressed concerns about Madonsela being "populist in her orientation".[42][43] Madonsela subsequently held a press conference on 28 August 2014, in which she defended her actions and requested those ANC members interfering with her duties to stop doing so.[15] The same day, civil rights organisation AfriForum laid criminal charges against Mantashe and Duarte for contravening the Public Protector Act by insulting the Public Protector.[44] The general secretary of ANC Tripartite Alliance partner COSATU Zwelinzima Vavi and general secretary of its largest affiliate NUMSA Irvin Jim subsequently defended Madonsela and criticised the ANC's response.[45][46][47] Madonsela later elaborated to the media that her letter to Zuma complements the parallel parliamentary process, "because finally they would have the president's comments on my report. But now they only have the president's own initiative, which is a general statement on his observations on what happened there, but he's not saying whether he agrees or disagrees with me. He is not saying what he is going to do to fix his branch of government."[4] On 6 September 2014, deputy Minister of Defence and Military Veterans Kebby Maphatsoe publicly accused Madonsela of "acting like a counter-revolutionary" and working for the CIA. Madonsela said she would charge Maphatsoe with contempt if he does not retract his accusations.[48][49] The ANC distanced itself from Maphatsoe's statements and he publicly withdrew them on 9 September 2014.[50] In a written response sent to Madonsela on 11 September 2014, Zuma disagreed with her understanding of her authority in the matter.[51]

Opposition parties Economic Freedom Fighters and Democratic Alliance approached the Constitutional Court to enforce Madonsela's findings after they were ignored by Zuma and dismissed in Parliament.[52][53] On 31 March 2016, the Constitutional Court delivered a unanimous judgement stating that the Public Protector's report was binding and Zuma and the National Assembly failed to uphold the country's constitution. The court ordered the National Treasury to determine the amount that Zuma must pay back, and ordered Zuma to do so within 45 days of the court's approval of the National Treasury report.[54]

Madonsela's final report, "State of Capture", was released as her 7-year term of office came to an end in October 2016. Her report was a result of the complaint submitted by a Catholic priest, called Father Stanslaus Muyebe.[55] The report used Wikipedia, News24, Mail & Guardian and opposition part as her sources state capture including the Gupta family's improper influence over President Jacob Zuma. Madonsela directed the President to appoint a judicial commission of inquiry, headed by a judge named by the Chief Justice.[56] Zuma called the report "political propaganda"[57] and challenged it in court, but the High Court dismissed the challenge in December 2017, finding that Zuma must implement the remedial actions within 30 days, and making a personal costs order against Zuma.[58]

In 2017 it was revealed that Foxton's consulting company, Foxton Communications, had previously been contracted by SABC CEO Hlaudi Motsoeneng "to be the spokesperson and publicist of the Group CEO despite the fact that the SABC had its own internal spokesperson. The company was paid a R350 000.00 per month retainer plus additional fees".[63] Motsoeneng was identified in the State Capture Inquiry as one of the individuals improperly appointed by President Jacob Zuma as part of 'state capture'. In response to a parliamentary question in 2018, the Minister of Communications confirmed that the Special Investigating Unit had initiated court proceedings against a number of companies including Foxton Communications.[64]