Tianshun (Ming dynasty)

Tianshun (simplified Chinese: 天顺; traditional Chinese: 天順; pinyin: Tiānshùn; Wade–Giles: T'len-shun; lit. 'obedience to Heaven'; 15 February 1457 – 26 January 1465) was the era name (nianhao) of Emperor Yingzong (reigned 1435–1449 and 1457–1464), the sixth emperor of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), after he ascended the throne for the second time. It was used for a total of eight years. On 11 February 1457 (Jingtai 8, 17th day of the 1st month), Emperor Yingzong was restored to the throne, and on 15 February the same year (21st day of the 1st month), the era was changed to Tianshun.[1] On 28 February 1464 (Tianshun 8, 22nd day of the 1st month), the Chenghua Emperor ascended the throne and continued to use it. The following year, the era was changed to Chenghua.[2][3]

Comparison table
Tianshun12345678
AD 14571458145914601461146214631464
Gānzhī dīngchǒu (丁丑)wùyín (戊寅)jǐmǎo (己卯)gēngchén (庚辰)xīnsì (辛巳)rénwǔ (壬午)guǐwèi (癸未)jiǎshēn (甲申)

Contemporaneous eras
  • China
    • Tianyuan (添元, 1453–1457): Oirats — era name of Esen
    • Tianxiu (天繡, 1457): Ming period — era name of Wang Bin (王斌)
    • Wulie (武烈, 1460): Ming period — era name of Li Tianbao (李添保)
  • Vietnam
    • Diên Ninh (延寧, 1454–1459): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Nhân Tông
    • Thiên Hưng (天興 or 天與, 1459–1460): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Nghi Dân
    • Quang Thuận (光順, 1460–1469): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thánh Tông
  • Japan

See also

References
  1. History of Ming, Volume 12
  2. Li Chongzhi (December 2004). Zhongguo Lidai Nianhao Kao. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Co. p. 207. ISBN 978-7-101-02512-5.
  3. History of Ming, Volume 13: 天順八年正月，英宗崩。乙亥，即皇帝位。以明年為成化元年。

Bibliography
  • Li Chongzhi (2004), 《中國歷代年號考》 [Zhongguo Lidai Nianhao Kao] (in Chinese), Beijing: Zhonghua Book Co., ISBN 7101025129
  • Deng Hongbo (2005), 《東亞歷史年表》 [Chronology of East Asian History] (in Chinese), Taipei: National Taiwan University Program for East Asian Classics and Cultures, ISBN 9789860005189.
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