Timeline of the Republic of Turkey
This is a timeline of the Republic of Turkey. To read about the background to these events, see History of the Republic of Turkey. See also the List of presidents of Turkey.
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See also Timeline of the Ottoman Empire, a chronology of the predecessor state to the Republic of Turkey.
This timeline is incomplete; some important events may be missing. Please help add to it.
Turkish War of Independence (1919–1923)
One-party period (1923–1945)
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1923 | October 29 | The Republic of Turkey was proclaimed.[1] |
| Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) was unanimously elected the first President of the Republic of Turkey by secret vote. | ||
| October 30 | The first cabinet of the Republic of Turkey was formed by İsmet İnönü. | |
| 1924 | A new policy was instituted that imams be appointed by the government. | |
| March 3 | The Ottoman caliphate was abolished by the Turkish Grand National Assembly. | |
| The Union of Education (Tevhid-i Tedrisat) Law was passed. | ||
| The Ministry of Religious Affairs and all religious schools were abolished. | ||
| March 6 | Second cabinet, again by İsmet İnönü | |
| April 8 | Religious courts were abolished and replaced with civil courts. | |
| April 20 | A new Turkish constitution was accepted. | |
| August 26 | Türkiye Is Bankasi was established.[2] | |
| October 30 | The generals who were also in parliament were asked to choose either military profession or politics but not both. (This event is known as the crisis of generals.) | |
| November 17 | The second political party in Turkey, the Progressive Republican Party, was formed. | |
| November 22 | Third cabinet by Ali Fethi Okyar. | |
| 1925 | February 11 | The Sheikh Said rebellion started in the eastern provinces. |
| February 25 | A law separating religion from politics was accepted and passed in the TBMM. | |
| March 4 | Fourth cabinet by İsmet İnönü | |
| May 5 | An Armenian named Manok Manukyan was executed in Ankara for planning an assassination attempt on Mustafa Kemal. | |
| June 3 | The Progressive Republican Party was closed and abolished for exploiting religion for political purposes. | |
| June 29 | Sheikh Said and his 46 followers were sentenced to death in Diyarbakır. | |
| August 27 | Mustafa Kemal came to Kastamonu to initiate the Hat Revolution. | |
| September 1 | The first Turkish Medical Congress was assembled. | |
| September 4 | Turkish women entered a beauty contest for the first time. | |
| October 1 | Atatürk opened the Bursa textile factory. | |
| November 5 | Ankara Law School (then the Ankara University Faculty of Law) was opened. | |
| November 25 | "Hat Law" was issued, abolishing religious dress. | |
| December 26 | A law was passed which abolished the lunar calendar in favor of the international calendar. | |
| 1926 | February 17 | A Turkish civil code based on the Swiss Civil Code was accepted. The code granted expanded civil rights to women and prohibited polygamy. |
| March 1 | A Turkish criminal code was established based on the Italian Criminal Code. | |
| March 17 | A law was passed to nationalise the iron industry. | |
| March 24 | A law was passed to nationalise the petroleum industry. | |
| 1927 | March 7 | The extraordinary Independence Tribunals were abolished. |
| October 15 | Mustafa Kemal Atatürk started his "Nutuk" speech. | |
| The second nationwide congress of the Republican People's Party took place. | ||
| October 20 | The "Nutuk" speech ended. | |
| October 28 | The first population census counted the population at approximately thirteen and a half million. | |
| November 27 | Fifth cabinet by İsmet İnönü | |
| December 25 | The first female Turkish lawyer, Sureyya Agaoglu, began her duty. | |
| 1928 | April 10 | The article "The official religion of Turkey is Islam" was removed from the constitution. |
| May 19 | A law establishing an engineering school was accepted. | |
| November 1 | A new Turkish alphabet based on the Latin alphabet was accepted. | |
| 1929 | April 3 | A new municipal law enabled women to enter municipal elections both as voters and as candidates. |
| April 29 | The first female Turkish judges were appointed. | |
| May 13 | A trade law was accepted by the TBMM. | |
| September 1 | Arabic and Persian courses were abolished replaced by Turkish-only language courses. | |
| 1930 | June 11 | A law was accepted which established the Turkish Republic Central Bank. |
| August 12 | The Free Republican Party, the third party in the republic, was established. | |
| September 27 | Sixth cabinet by İsmet İnönü | |
| October 27 | Greek prime minister Venizelos visited Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in Ankara. | |
| November 17 | After the Free Republican Party's cooption by radical religious groups, its leader Fethi Okyar decided to close. | |
| December 30 | Kubilay was killed in an anti-republican rebellion. | |
| 1931 | March 16 | The first female Turkish surgeon, Dr. Suat, received her specialty. |
| March 26 | The Measurements Law was accepted, abolishing the former Arabic length and weight measurement units and replacing them with the metric system (kilogram instead of okka, meter instead of endaze, etc.) | |
| April 20 | Mustafa Kemal Atatürk historically declared the slogan "Peace at home, peace in the world!" | |
| May 4 | Seventh cabinet by İsmet İnönü | |
| July 25 | A new press law was accepted. | |
| 1932 | July 18 | Turkey became a member of the League of Nations. |
| July 31 | Turkish woman Keriman Halis Ece was declared the World Beauty Queen at a contest in Belgium. | |
| November 13 | Dr. Müfide Kazim became the first female Turkish government physician. | |
| December 12 | Adile Ayda became the first female Turkish civil servant in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. | |
| 1933 | February 7 | The first Turkish-language mosque prayers began in Istanbul. |
| May 31 | The 480-year-old Darülfünun was abolished, to be converted into Istanbul University. | |
| June | Sümerbank and Halkbank were established. | |
| October 26 | Turkish women were granted the right to vote and be elected to Village Councils. | |
| November 18 | Istanbul University was opened. | |
| December 1 | The first five-year development plan was accepted. | |
| 1934 | June 21 | The Surname Law was accepted, abolishing the former titles of Bey, Efendi, Pasha, Sultan, and Hanım as of November 26. |
| November 24 | Mustafa Kemal Pasha took the surname Atatürk. | |
| The Hagia Sophia mosque was converted to the Ayasofya (Hagia Sophia) Museum. | ||
| December 5 | Turkish women were granted the right to vote and be elected in Turkish parliamentary elections. (Afterwards, in the first elections, 18 women were elected to the Turkish Grand National Assembly). | |
| 1935 | March 1 | Eight cabinet by İsmet İnönü. |
| 1936 | May 29 | A law determining the size and ratios of the star and crescent in the Turkish flag was accepted. |
| June 8 | A labor law was accepted which represented the first step towards the Turkish Social Security System. | |
| 1937 | January 27 | Hatay's independence was accepted by the League of Nations in its Geneva meeting. |
| June 9 | A law establishing a medical faculty in Ankara was accepted. | |
| September 20 | Atatürk opened the first art gallery in his residence, the Dolmabahce Palace. | |
| October 9 | Atatürk opened the Nazilli Printed Cloth Fabric Factory. | |
| October 25 | Ninth cabinet by Celal Bayar, former minister of Economy | |
| 1938 | November 10 | The founder Mustafa Kemal Atatürk died. He was succeeded by İsmet İnönü, former prime minister and general. |
| 1939 | World War II: World War II began. Turkey was to remain neutral for most of the war, until a declaration of war against Germany at its end. | |
| July 7 | The Province of Hatay joined Turkey following a rigged referendum included by the Turkish government.[3][4] |
Multi-party period (1945–)
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1950 | June 25 | Korean War: The Korean War began. Turkey was a part of the joint UN operation. |
| 1950 | Müfide İlhan mayor of Mersin. First ever woman mayor in Turkey. | |
| 1952 | Turkey became a NATO country strategically important in countering Soviet influence. | |
| 1953 | July 27 | Korean War: The war ended. |
| 1954 | Turkey began to host the USAF at the Incirlik Air Base as a deterrent to the Soviet Union. | |
| 1955 | September 6 | Istanbul Pogrom: The Istanbul Pogrom started the process of driving many Greeks and Christians from Turkey. |
| September 7 | Istanbul Pogrom: The pogrom drew to a close. | |
| 1960 | May 27 | The 1960 coup d'état took place due to the level of influence the Islamists had gained in the nation. After this clash over the "separation of religion and state/government" between İnönü's Republican People's Party and his opponents, president Celal Bayar and prime minister Adnan Menderes, both former Republican People's Party members, prime minister Adnan Menderes was held responsible and was executed with two of his ministers. |
| 1965 | October | Military rule bowed out to civilian rule, the political system was reestablished, and a new constitution was drafted that reaffirmed the "separation of religion and state/government". |
| 1971 | March 12 | Military officials forced an advisory committee on the government due to the increasing anarchical situation caused by the Right (fascist/capitalist) – Left (communist) clash and ineffective policies in maintaining order. Although the military were not in charge they had significant influence. |
| 1974 | Turkey invaded Cyprus in response to a Greek-backed coup on the island. | |
| 1980 | September 12 | The 1980 coup d'état took place. Martial law was almost immediately established and a quarter of the military (about 475,000) were mobilised to settle the resistance to the coup. |
| 1983 | November 6 | After the establishment of a new 1982 Constitution, the military regime dissolved itself. |
| 1991 | After the ending of the 1991 Persian Gulf War, the Incirlik Air Base enforced the northern no-fly zones in Iraq. | |
| 1999 | March 24 | Kosovo War: NATO interceded in the Balkans to end a civil war in the region. Turkey was part of the mission. |
| June 10 | Kosovo War: The war ended. |
21st century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 2002 | June | Turkey assumed command of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan. |
| 2003 | February | Turkey relinquished command of the ISAF. |
| 2004 | December 17 | The European Union (EU) agreed to begin negotiations on the eventual accession of Turkey. |
| 2005 | February 14 | Turkey assumed command of the ISAF in Afghanistan for a second time. |
| October 3 | The European Union (EU) started accession talks with Turkey. The talks did not start at the desired time due to arguments about Turkey's |
References
- "Turkey - Republic, Mustafa Kemal, 1923 | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved September 13, 2023.
- Haber, Tasova net. "Türkiye İş Bankası 99. Yaşını Kutladı". Tasova.net Haber (in Turkish). Retrieved September 13, 2023.
- "ARMENIA AND KARABAGH" (PDF). Minority Rights Group. 1991. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 3, 2013. Retrieved December 8, 2014.
- Jack Kalpakian (2004). Identity, Conflict and Cooperation in International River Systems (Hardcover ed.). Ashgate Publishing. p. 130. ISBN 0-7546-3338-1.
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