List of Egyptian hieroglyphs

The total number of distinct Egyptian hieroglyphs increased over time from several hundred in the Middle Kingdom to several thousand during the Ptolemaic Kingdom.

In 1928/1929 Alan Gardiner published an overview of hieroglyphs, Gardiner's sign list, the basic modern standard. It describes 763 signs in 26 categories (AZ, roughly). Georg Möller compiled more extensive lists, organized by historical epoch (published posthumously in 1927 and 1936).

In Unicode, the block Egyptian Hieroglyphs (2009) includes 1071 signs, organization based on Gardiner's list. As of 2016, there is a proposal by Michael Everson to extend the Unicode standard to comprise Möller's list.[1]

Subsets

Notable subsets of hieroglyphs:[2]

Letter classification by Gardiner

Letter Description Category (individual hieroglyph articles)
A § Man and his occupations Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: man and his occupations (4)
B § Woman and her occupations Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: woman and her occupations (0)
C § Anthropomorphic deities Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: anthropomorphic deities (0)
D § Parts of the human body Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: parts of the human body (13)
E § Mammals Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: mammals (8)
F § Parts of mammals Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: parts of mammals (7)
G § Birds Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: birds (7)
H § Parts of birds Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: parts of birds (1)
I § Amphibious animals, reptiles, etc. Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: amphibious-animals-reptiles-etc (4)
K § Fishes and parts of fishes Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: fishes and parts of fishes (0)
L § Invertebrata and lesser animals Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: invertebrates and lesser animals (3)
M § Trees and plants Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: trees and plants (6)
N § Sky, earth, water Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: sky-earth-water (16)
NU § Upper nile Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs by category (27)
NL § Lower nile Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs by category (27)
O § Buildings, parts of buildings, etc. Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: buildings and parts-of-buildings-etc (12)
P § Ships and parts of ships Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: ships and parts of ships (2)
Q § Domestic and funerary furniture Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: domestic and funerary furniture (2)
R § Temple furniture and sacred emblems Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: temple furniture and emblems (7)
S § Crowns, dress, staves, etc. Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: crowns-dress-staves (14)
T § Warfare, hunting, butchery Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: warfare-hunting-butchery (4)
U § Agriculture, crafts, and professions Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: agriculture-crafts-and-professions (5)
V § Rope, fibre, baskets, bags, etc. Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: rope-fiber-baskets-bags (11)
W § Vessels of stone and earthenware Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: vessels of stone and earthenware (4)
X § Loaves and cakes Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: loaves and cakes (3)
Y § Writings, games, music Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: writings-games-music (4)
Z § Strokes, signs derived from Hieratic, geometrical features Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: strokes, signs derived from Hieratic, geometrical features (0)
Aa § Unclassified signs Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: unclassified (6)

List of hieroglyphs

Hieroglyph Gardiner
Unicode
Description Transliteration Phonetic Notes
A Man and his occupations
𓀀
  • A1
  • U+13000
seated man
  • I (masculine) (.j), man (z)
  • male, man, typical masculine role, son, courtier (masculine)
Commonly placed behind a name to indicate named person is male
𓀁
  • A2
  • U+13001
man with hand to mouth
  • eat (wnm)
  • drink (zwr)
  • speak, think, recount (sḏd)
  • refrain from speech, be(come) silent (gr)
  • love (mrj)
Activities involving the mouth, head, or ideas
𓀂
  • A3
  • U+13002
man sitting on heel
𓀃
  • A4
  • U+13003
seated man with hands raised
  • offer, beseech (dwꜣ)
  • hide, conceal (jmn)
𓀄
  • A5
  • U+13004
crouching man hiding behind wall
Determinative for jmn, to hide, to conceal, secret, mysterious; also hidden person or thing, concealed, secret, mysterious (verb, noun, adjective)
𓀅
  • A5A
  • U+13005
seated man hiding behind wall
  • (as above)
𓀆
  • A6
  • U+13006
seated man under vase from which water flows
  • to be clean
Possibly refers to all aspects of 'clean' dependent on context, i.e. 'cleanliness', 'to cleanse', 'purify', etc.
𓀇
  • A6A
  • U+13007
seated man reaching for libation stone, under vase from which water flows
𓀈
  • A6B
  • U+13008
seated man reaching down, under vase from which water flows
𓀉
  • A7
  • U+13009
fatigued man
  • to be tired or weak (wrḏ)
𓀊
  • A8
  • U+1300A
man performing hnw-rite
  • rejoice, celebrate, to be jubilant (hnw)
Possibly also 'joyful', 'celebratory', etc.
𓀋
  • A9
  • U+1300B
man steadying basket on head
  • work, toil (kꜣt)
  • load (verb or noun), burden (ꜣdp)
  • carry or haul (fꜣj)
1a. ꜣtp, ꜣṯp
1b. -fꜣ, fꜣj
2. -kꜣt
1a. to load, to be laden, master of the load; equals Coptic language, ⲱⲧⲡ; (minor use for ꜣtp, ꜣṯp);
1b. to carry, to bear; additional constructs for carrier, bearer, supporter, (and types thereof); for fꜣ dnj, the "bearer-of-the-basket", see: Greek Kanephoros;
2. for kꜣt, kꜣwtj
𓀌
  • A10
  • U+1300C
seated man holding oar
  • to saw (sqdw)
𓀍
  • A11
  • U+1300D
seated man holding scepter of authority and shepherd's crook
  • friend (ḫnms)
𓀎
  • A12
  • U+1300E
soldier with bow and quiver
  • soldier, company/unit of soldiers (mnfyt), army/expedition (mšꜥ)
𓀏
  • A13
  • U+1300F
man with arms tied behind his back
  • enemy (ḫfty)
  • rebel (sbj)
Possibly also 'criminal', 'traitor', 'prisoner'
𓀐
  • A14
  • U+13010
falling man with blood streaming from his head
  • die (mwt)
  • enemy (ḫfty)
The wound is either self-inflicted or from a weapon strike.

The A14 figure could be a youth or child, being depicted without clothing, while A14A would be an adult.

𓀑
  • A14A
  • U+13011
man whose head is hit with an axe
𓀒
  • A15
  • U+13012
man falling
  • trap (ḫr)
ḫr (ḫ + r) biliteral

voiceless velar fricative

[x] in Old Egyptian uniliteral signs transliteration

𓀓
  • A16
  • U+13013
man bowing down
  • to bend or bow oneself (ksj)
ks
(and ks, ksj)
A. Determinative for ks, ksj, & ks, to bow, to do homage, to submit;
B. same for ḫꜣb, (and thematic words of ḫꜣ-ꜣ-b, star & luminary, hippopotamus, lamp & light, etc.)
𓀔
  • A17
  • U+13014
child sitting with hand to mouth
  • young, child (šrj)
  • orphan (nmḥ)
nnj, triliteral A17, depicted with bare head, indicates the figure as a 'lower' class than A17A
𓀕
  • A17A
  • U+13015
child sitting with arms hanging down
  • Noble/Aristocratic Supplement for A3 and A17 sitting, sitting youth
The head of A17A indicates the class of the figure to be of a 'higher' class than A17
𓀖
  • A18
  • U+13016
child wearing red crown
  • Child King
𓀗
  • A19
  • U+13017
bent man leaning on staff
  • old, to be fragile (jꜥw)
  • elder (smsw)
  • bigger (wr)
  • to lean (rhn)
  • to hit (ḥwj)
jk biliteral Perhaps also wise and sage
𓀘
  • A20
  • U+13018
man leaning on forked staff
  • elder (smsw)
𓀙
  • A21
  • U+13019
man holding staff with handkerchief
  • Civil Servant (sr)
  • Courtier (smr)
  • High Official
  • strike (ḥwj)
𓀚
  • A22
  • U+1301A
statue of man with staff and scepter of authority
  • statue (ḥnṯ), (twt)
𓀛
  • A23
  • U+1301B
king with staff and mace with round head
  • monarch, lord, ruler(jty)
𓀜
  • A24
  • U+1301C
man striking with both hands
  • to hit or strike (ḥwj)
  • power, strength
  • teach lesson or instruct (sbꜣ)
  • call (njs)
  • be happy (ḥꜥj)
𓀝
  • A25
  • U+1301D
man striking, with left arm hanging behind back
  • to hit or strike (ḥwj) possibly 'attack'
Most likely synonymous with A24
𓀞
  • A26
  • U+1301E
man with one arm pointing forward
  • servant,
  • to call
𓀟
  • A27
  • U+1301F
hastening man ḏn (ḏ + n) biliteral Original Wiki English translation: sound sign for, only in "through" (jn)

Possibly this means to transition

𓀠
  • A28
  • U+13020
man with hands raised on either side
  • to be happy or in high spirits (qꜣj)
  • mourn (ḥꜣj)
to be high, to exalt
𓀡
  • A29
  • U+13021
man upside down
𓀢
  • A30
  • U+13022
man with hands raised in front
  • offer, praise, laud, respect, entreat, beseech
𓀣
  • A31
  • U+13023
man with hands raised behind him
  • to turn away
The connotation is unclear
𓀤
  • A32
  • U+13024
man dancing with arms to the back
  • dance (ḫbj)
  • cheer, rejoice (hy-hnw)
  • be happy
Ideogram or det. for ḫbj, to dance; also det. for jb, jbw; jbꜣw, jbꜣ, for dance, dancer, etc.
𓀥
  • A32A
  • U+13025
man dancing with arms to the front
𓀦
  • A33
  • U+13026
man with stick and bundle on shoulder
  • to herd, (mnjw)
  • journey, tramp (ḫwsj)
  • shepherd (mnjw)
  • wander,
  • hike,
  • traveler, (ḫwsj)
  • construction, (qb)
𓀧
  • A34
  • U+13027
man pounding in a mortar
  • to stomp
Man grinding (etc.); to grind in a mortar, to build, to construct, etc.
𓀨
  • A35
  • U+13028
man building wall
  • to build (qd)
Man constructing: a "Mason"; Ideogram or det. for qd, Coptic “ⲔⲰⲦ“ "to construct"; (see Wall, (Collapsing)-Wall)
𓀩
  • A36
  • U+13029
man kneading into vessel
  • brewer (ꜥftj)
𓀪
  • A37
  • U+1302A
man in vessel
  • brewer (ꜥftj)
𓀫
  • A38
  • U+1302B
man holding necks of two emblematic animals with panther heads
𓀬
  • A39
  • U+1302C
man on two giraffes
  • Cusae (qjs)
𓀭
  • A40
  • U+1302D
seated god
  • Ptah
  • Month (mnṯw) divine/heavenly I (j),(jnk)
  • me, myself (wj)
  • God
𓀮
  • A40A
  • U+1302E
seated god with sceptre
𓀯
  • A41
  • U+1302F
king with uraeus
  • king (nsw)
  • majesty (ḥm) (royal)
  • I (j) (jnk)
  • me, myself (wj)
𓀰
  • A42
  • U+13030
king with uraeus and flagellum
  • king (nsw)
  • majesty (ḥm)(royal)
  • I (j) (jnk)
  • me, myself (wj)
𓀱
  • A42A
  • U+13031
king with uraeus and flagellum
𓀲
  • A43
  • U+13032
king wearing white crown
𓀳
  • A43A
  • U+13033
king wearing white crown with sceptre
𓀴
  • A44
  • U+13034
king wearing white crown with flagellum
  • King of Upper Egypt (nsw)
  • Osiris (wsjr)
𓀵
  • A45
  • U+13035
king wearing red crown
𓀶
  • A45A
  • U+13036
king wearing red crown with sceptre
𓀷
  • A46
  • U+13037
king wearing red crown with flagellum
  • King of Lower Egypt (bjtj)
𓀸
  • A47
  • U+13038
shepherd seated and wrapped in mantle, holding stick
  • shepherd (mnjw)
  • guard (sꜣw)
𓀹
  • A48
  • U+13039
beardless man seated and holding knife
  • belonging to (jrj)
𓀺
  • A49
  • U+1303A
seated Syrian holding stick
  • foreigner, Asian (ꜥꜣmw)
𓀻
  • A50
  • U+1303B
noble on chair
  • courtier (smr)
  • entrepreneur as in 'one or distinguished one who undertakes a task or distinguished task'
  • I (j) (jnk)
  • me, myself (wj)
𓀼
  • A51
  • U+1303C
noble on chair with flagellum
  • to be of noble blood (špsj)
  • entrepreneur of noble blood as in 'one or distinguished one who undertakes a task or distinguished task',
  • undertake a task (špsj)
  • one who does things
𓀽
  • A52
  • U+1303D
noble squatting with flagellum
  • to be of noble blood (špsj)
  • entrepreneur of noble blood[3] as in 'one or distinguished one who undertakes a task or distinguished task' (špsj)
𓀾
  • A53
  • U+1303E
standing mummy
  • twt
Form, likeness, image, (double)
Tutankhamun: Form-Living-(of)-Amun
𓀿
  • A54
  • U+1303F
lying mummy
  • death (mnj)
  • dead
𓁀
  • A55
  • U+13040
mummy on bed
  • lie down(sḏr)
  • spend the night/overnight, corpse display (ḥꜣt)
Overnight meaning an overnight stay in any location, i.e. 'spend the night at home', 'spent the night in a hotel', 'slept over at (random person's name)'s house', etc.
𓁁
  • A56
  • U+13041
seated man holding stick
𓁂
  • A57
  • U+13042
man holding loaf on mat
𓁃
  • A58
  • U+13043
man applying hoe to ground
𓁄
  • A59
  • U+13044
man threatening with stick
  • to take away/withhold
𓁅
  • A60
  • U+13045
man sowing seeds
𓁆
  • A61
  • U+13046
man looking over his shoulder
𓁇
  • A62
  • U+13047
Asiatic
𓁈
  • A63
  • U+13048
king on throne holding staff
𓁉
  • A64
  • U+13049
man sitting on heels holding forward cup
𓁊
  • A65
  • U+1304A
man wearing tunic with fringes and holding mace
𓁋
  • A66
  • U+1304B
man holding sistrum
𓁌
  • A67
  • U+1304C
dwarf
𓁍
  • A68
  • U+1304D
man holding up knife
𓁎
  • A69
  • U+1304E
seated man with raised right arm and left arm hanging down
𓁏
  • A70
  • U+1304F
seated man with raised arms Resembles D28 two arms upraised, the Ka arms
B Woman and her occupations
𓁐
  • B1
  • U+13050
seated woman
  • woman (zt)
  • goddess (nṯrt)
  • daughter (zꜣt)
  • widow (hꜣrt)
  • singer (šmꜥyt)
  • (feminine) I (.j)
Commonly placed behind a name to indicate named person is female
𓁑
  • B2
  • U+13051
pregnant woman
  • to be pregnant (bkꜣ)
  • conceive (jwr)
𓁒
  • B3
  • U+13052
woman giving birth
  • to give birth (msj)
𓁓
  • B4
  • U+13053
combination of woman giving birth and three skins tied together
  • to give birth (msj)
𓁔
  • B5
  • U+13054
woman suckling child
  • to nurse, to nurture, to care for (rnn)
  • wet nurse (noun def. 1) (mnꜥt)
𓁕
  • B5A
  • U+13055
woman suckling child (simplified)
𓁖
  • B6
  • U+13056
woman on chair with child on lap
  • to rear
𓁗
  • B7
  • U+13057
queen wearing diadem and holding flower
𓁘
  • B8
  • U+13058
woman holding lotus flower
𓁙
  • B9
  • U+13059
woman holding sistrum
C Anthropomorphic deities
𓁚
  • C1
  • U+1305A
god with sun-disk and uraeus
  • Re, sun god
rꜣ
𓁛
  • C2
  • U+1305B
god with falcon head and sun-disk holding ankh
  • Re, sun god
Variant of C1 god with sun-disk and uraeus
𓁜
  • C2A
  • U+1305C
god with falcon head and sun-disk
𓁝
  • C2B
  • U+1305D
C2A reversed
𓁞
  • C2C
  • U+1305E
C2 reversed
𓁟
  • C3
  • U+1305F
god with ibis head
𓁠
  • C4
  • U+13060
god with ram head
Det. or Ideo. ẖnmw "Khnum"
𓁡
  • C5
  • U+13061
god with ram head holding ankh
Variant of C4 god with ram head
𓁢
  • C6
  • U+13062
god with jackal head
𓁣
  • C7
  • U+13063
god with Seth-animal head
𓁤
  • C8
  • U+13064
ithyphallic god with two plumes, uplifted arm and flagellum
𓁥
  • C9
  • U+13065
goddess with horned sun-disk
𓁦
  • C10
  • U+13066
goddess with feather
  • Goddess Maat (mꜣꜥt)
Goddess Maat
𓁧
  • C10A
  • U+13067
goddess with feather holding ankh
𓁨
  • C11
  • U+13068
god with arms supporting the sky and palm branch on head
  • many,
  • million,
  • God Hah (ḥḥ)
Million, many
Heh (god)
𓁩
  • C12
  • U+13069
god with two plumes and scepter
See Amun
𓁪
  • C13
  • U+1306A
C12 reversed
𓁫
  • C14
  • U+1306B
god with two plumes and scimitar
𓁬
  • C15
  • U+1306C
C14 reversed
𓁭
  • C16
  • U+1306D
god wearing red crown with ankh
𓁮
  • C17
  • U+1306E
god with falcon head and two plumes
Det. and Ideo Mntw "Montu."
𓁯
  • C18
  • U+1306F
squatting god
Det. and Ideo. tꜣ-ṯnnii "Tatjenen."
𓁰
  • C19
  • U+13070
mummy-shaped god
Det. and Ideo. Ptḥ "Ptah."
𓁱
  • C20
  • U+13071
mummy-shaped god in shrine
Variant of C19 mummy-shaped god
𓁲
  • C21
  • U+13072
Bes
𓁳
  • C22
  • U+13073
god with falcon head and moon
𓁴
  • C23
  • U+13074
goddess with feline head and sun with uraeus
𓁵
  • C24
  • U+13075
god wearing red crown with scepter
D Parts of the human body
𓁶
  • D1
  • U+13076
head
  • head (tp) (ḏꜣḏꜣ)
  • back of head (hꜣ)
  • behind (hꜣ)
  • neglect, to leave behind (mkḥꜣ)
  • forehead (dhnt)
  • appoint (dhn)
1. Ideogram for tp, "head"; other uses related to actions of the head; (example "the tp of the rebels", 'the "chief" of the rebels')
2. also for tp, see archaic dagger
3. (Narmer Palette shows 10 enemy heads-(decapitated))

Possibly ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Resh and its descendants
𓁷
  • D2
  • U+13077
face
  • face
  • on, around, over, for
ḥr 1. Bil. hr-(ḥr)
2. Ideogram for 'face'
3. A major preposition for "on, upon", etc.; additional preposition constructs; 4. (see also: Nose, sometimes used for the face)
𓁸
  • D3
  • U+13078
hair
  • hair (šnj)
  • skin (jnm)
  • color (jwn)
  • nature, mourn (jꜣkb)
  • empty, barely, loss of hair ()
𓁹
  • D4
  • U+13079
eye
  • eye (jrt)
  • make (mꜣ)
  • see (mꜣꜣ)
  • watch, to be watchful, to be awake (rs)
  • to be blind (šp)
jr, ḏr (ḏ+r) biliteral

(mꜣ) (m + ꜣ) the biliteral in "lion" (mꜣj)

Osiris

Possibly ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Ayin and its descendants
𓁺
  • D5
  • U+1307A
eye touched up with paint
  • eye (jrt)
  • view (dgi)
  • to be blind (šp)
𓁻
  • D6
  • U+1307B
eye with painted upper lid
  • eye (jrt)
  • view (dgi)
  • to be blind (šp)
𓁼
  • D7
  • U+1307C
eye with painted lower lid
  • eye make-up / eye paint (msdmt)
  • decorate, adorn, to be beautiful (ꜥn)
  • view (prt)
  • see (mꜣꜣ) (seldom, rarely used)
𓁽
  • D8
  • U+1307D
eye enclosed in sandy tract
  • in
𓁾
  • D8A
  • U+1307E
eye with painted lower lid enclosed in sandy tract
𓁿
  • D9
  • U+1307F
eye with flowing tears
𓂀
  • D10
  • U+13080
Eye of Horus
  • udjat-eye (wḏꜣt)
Eye of Horus
𓂁
  • D11
  • U+13081
left part of the eye of Horus
  • abbreviation for Heqat-measure grain
𓂂
  • D12
  • U+13082
pupil Determinative for pupil (ḏfḏ) abbreviation for Heqat-measure grain
𓂃
  • D13
  • U+13083
eyebrow
  • abbreviation for 1/8 Heqat-measure grain
smd Abbreviation for 1/8 Heqat-measure grain; in 2-fold execution (Determinative):, eyebrow (jnḥ) (two brows above one another)
𓂄
  • D14
  • U+13084
right part of eye of Horus
  • abbreviation for 1/16 Heqat-measure grain
𓂅
  • D15
  • U+13085
diagonal marking of eye of Horus
  • abbreviation for 1/32 Heqat-measure grain
𓂆
  • D16
  • U+13086
vertical marking of eye of Horus
  • abbreviation for 1/64 Heqat-measure grain
𓂇
  • D17
  • U+13087
diagonal and vertical markings of eye of Horus
  • determinative Smell (sn)
  • Ideogram for ear (msḏr)
𓂈
  • D18
  • U+13088
ear
  • to listen (sḏm)
Sound sign for ḫnt Determinative and Ideogram for nose (fnḏ), be happy (ršw), be (sfn) face, front (ḫnt), mild, itself wiedersetzten (btjn), disobediently
𓂉
  • D19
  • U+13089
nose, eye and cheek
  • fnḏ/fnd
    šrt
    ẖnt
Ideogram or det. for the "nose", fnḏ/fnd, šrt; det. for words relating to smell, joy, and the nose; det. for "face", (ẖnt), (and the phoneme for face)
𓂊
  • D20
  • U+1308A
nose, eye and cheek (cursive)
  • nose (fnḏ),
  • smell (sn),
  • be happy (ršw),
  • be (sfn)
  • face, front (ḫnt),
  • mild, itself wiedersetzten (btjn),
  • disobediently
ḫnt Determinative and Ideogram for nose (fnḏ), smell (sn), be happy (ršw), be

(sfn) face, front (ḫnt), mild, itself wiedersetzten (bṯn), disobediently

𓂋
  • D21
  • U+1308B
mouth
  • rr
    pẖr
r To turn in the other direction.

Sound sign for r Ideogram for mouth. This on consonant sign is used in the so named Hieroglyphen-ABC to the reproduction of the consonant "r"

Possibly ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Pe and its descendants

𓂌
  • D22
  • U+1308C
mouth with two strokes
  • ideogram for 2/3 (rꜣwj)
𓂍
  • D23
  • U+1308D
mouth with three strokes
  • ideogram for 3/4 (*ḫmt-rꜥw)
𓂎
  • D24
  • U+1308E
upper lip with teeth
  • ideogram for lip (spt), edge
𓂏
  • D25
  • U+1308F
lips
  • (both) lips (sptj)
The two lips
𓂐
  • D26
  • U+13090
liquid issuing from lips
  • spit (psg), to spit, to vomit (bšj), blood (snf)
𓂑
  • D27
  • U+13091
small breast
  • to suckle (snq)
  • breast (mnḏ)
  • wet nurse (mnꜥt)
𓂒
  • D27A
  • U+13092
large breast
  • to suckle (snq)
  • breast (mnḏ)
  • wet nurse (mnꜥt)
𓂓
  • D28
  • U+13093
two arms upraised
  • close
  • the Ka (life spirit) (kꜣ)
kꜣ
(bil.)
𓂔
  • D29
  • U+13094
combination of hieroglyphs D28 and R12
  • the (divine) Ka (life spirit) (kꜣ)
𓂕
  • D30
  • U+13095
two arms upraised with tail
  • The god Nehebkau (nḥb-kꜣw)
𓂖
  • D31
  • U+13096
arms embracing club
  • mortuary priest (ḥm-kꜣ)
𓂗
  • D31A
  • U+13097
two arms uppraised and club
𓂘
  • D32
  • U+13098
arms embracing
  • into the arms, comprise (jnq)
  • embrace (ḥpt)
  • open arms (pgꜣ)
𓂙
  • D33
  • U+13099
arms rowing
  • to row (ẖnj)
  • to fight (ꜥḥꜣ)
ẖn biliteral
𓂚
  • D34
  • U+1309A
arms
with shield
and battle axe
ꜥḥꜣ Ideogram for ꜥḥꜣ, "combat"; (fight, contest, struggle)-(noun or verb)
𓂛
  • D34A
  • U+1309B
arms with shield and mace
𓂜
  • D35
  • U+1309C
arms in gesture of negation
  • not (n, nn)
  • that which is not (jwtj)
  • do not know (ḫm)
  • shrine (ḫm)
  • forget (smḫ)
n
𓂝
  • D36
  • U+1309D
forearm (palm upwards) Uniliteral sign representing Egyptian ayin

Possibly ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Yodh and its descendants
𓂞
  • D37
  • U+1309E
forearm with bread cone
  • give (jmj)
  • give (rḏj, ḏj)
sound sign for ḏ (only in ḏdw busiris), mj (rarely), m (especially in: see (mk)) to give, or given
𓂟
  • D38
  • U+1309F
forearm with rounded loaf
  • to give (jmj)
  • to present (ḥnk)
mj, m
𓂠
  • D39
  • U+130A0
forearm with bowl
  • ḥnk
Determinative in ḥnk, "to make an offering", also: gift, offering, etc. (see also: List of portraiture offerings with Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs)
𓂡
  • D40
  • U+130A1
forearm with stick
  • strongly (nḫt)
  • to strike (ḥwj)
  • to examine (ḫꜣj)
  • abbreviation for power
𓂢
  • D41
  • U+130A2
forearm with palm down and bent upper arm
  • arm (gbꜣ), shoulder (rmn), to the left (jꜣbj), sing (ḥsj), actions with arm: bend (ḥms), movement: stop (grḥ), deny (nj) protect (ḫwj) lead (ḫrp)
nj (rarely)
𓂣
  • D42
  • U+130A3
forearm with palm down and straight upper arm
  • yard (make)
mḥ
𓂤
  • D43
  • U+130A4
forearm with flail ḫwj 1. Ideogram for ḫwj, "to protect"
𓂥
  • D44
  • U+130A5
arm with sekhem scepter
𓂦
  • D45
  • U+130A6
arm with wand
to be holy, to segregate
See ḏsr
𓂧
  • D46
  • U+130A7
hand
  • hand (ḏrt)
'red', in Egyptian hieroglyphs for word constructs

Possibly ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Kaph and its descendants
𓂨
  • D46A
  • U+130A8
liquid falling from hand
  • "to cense", "to pour out a libation"; as the noun, "incense", "incense offering", "dew" notes= For the noun, Coptic language ⲉⲓⲱⲧⲉ-, (Egyptian jd, jdj, jdt), for dew, mist, vapour, rain-storm, moisture, exudation (under spelling of Egyp. lang. iad.
𓂩
  • D47
  • U+130A9
hand with palm up
  • hand (ḏrt)
𓂪
  • D48
  • U+130AA
hand without thumb
  • hand width (šsp)
𓂫
  • D48A
  • U+130AB
hand holding egg
𓂬
  • D49
  • U+130AC
fist
  • grasp (ꜣmm)
𓂭
  • D50
  • U+130AD
one finger
  • finger (ḏbꜥ)
  • abbreviation for 10,000 (ḏbꜥ)
𓂮
  • D50A
  • U+130AE
two fingers
𓂯
  • D50B
  • U+130AF
three fingers
𓂰
  • D50C
  • U+130B0
four fingers
𓂱
  • D50D
  • U+130B1
five fingers
𓂲
  • D50E
  • U+130B2
six fingers
𓂳
  • D50F
  • U+130B3
seven fingers
𓂴
  • D50G
  • U+130B4
eight fingers
𓂵
  • D50H
  • U+130B5
nine fingers
𓂶
  • D50I
  • U+130B6
five fingers (row)
𓂷
  • D51
  • U+130B7
one finger (horizontal)
  • finger nail (ꜥnt)
  • Activities with finger: measure (ḫꜣj), take (ṯꜣj), go (jw, šm)
dqr
𓂸
  • D52
  • U+130B8
phallus
  • phallus (ḥnn)
mt
D52

Excluded from default fonts by some OS vendors.[4]
𓂹
  • D52A
  • U+130B9
phallus with folded cloth Excluded from default fonts by some OS vendors.[4]
𓂺
  • D53
  • U+130BA
phallus with emission
  • in before (m bꜣḥ), phallus (ḥnn), urinate (wsš), seed (mtwt), man (ṯꜣy), husband (hj)
D53

Excluded from default fonts by some OS vendors.[4]
𓂻
  • D54
  • U+130BB
legs walking
  • approach (tkn) enterprise (nmtt), do not move, stop Injure leg (rd), thigh (mnt)
𓂼
  • D54A
  • U+130BC
hieratic legs walking
𓂽
  • D55
  • U+130BD
legs walking backwards
𓂾
  • D56
  • U+130BE
leg
  • rd
Ideo., det. for rd, "leg"; Det. "to tread"
Also: for pds, wꜥrt, sbq
𓂿
  • D57
  • U+130BF
leg with knife
  • mutilates become (jꜣtj)
𓃀
  • D58
  • U+130C0
foot
  • place (bw)
b
𓃁
  • D59
  • U+130C1
foot and forearm
𓃂
  • D60
  • U+130C2
foot under vase from which water flows
  • be pure, clean (wꜥb)
wꜥb
𓃃
  • D61
  • U+130C3
three toes oriented leftward
𓃄
  • D62
  • U+130C4
three toes oriented rightward
  • toe (sꜣḥ)
𓃅
  • D63
  • U+130C5
two toes oriented leftward
  • toe (sꜣḥ)
𓃆
  • D64
  • U+130C6
hand with palm down
𓃇
  • D65
  • U+130C7
lock of hair
𓃈
  • D66
  • U+130C8
arm with reed pen
𓃉
  • D67
  • U+130C9
one dot
𓃊
  • D67A
  • U+130CA
two dots
𓃋
  • D67B
  • U+130CB
three dots
𓃌
  • D67C
  • U+130CC
four dots
𓃍
  • D67D
  • U+130CD
five dots
𓃎
  • D67E
  • U+130CE
six dots
𓃏
  • D67F
  • U+130CF
seven dots
𓃐
  • D67G
  • U+130D0
eight dots
𓃑
  • D67H
  • U+130D1
nine dots
E Mammals
𓃒
  • E1
  • U+130D2
bull kꜣ
𓃓
  • E2
  • U+130D3
bull charging kꜣ-kḫt
𓃔
  • E3
  • U+130D4
calf bḥs
𓃕
  • E4
  • U+130D5
sacred cow ḥsꜣt
𓃖
  • E5
  • U+130D6
cow suckling calf ꜣms
𓃗
  • E6
  • U+130D7
horse ssmt jbr
𓃘
  • E7
  • U+130D8
donkey
𓃙
  • E8
  • U+130D9
kid
  • ib
jb 1. Phoneme ib for 'young goat'
2. Determinative for words of 'young farm animals'
3. (See also F34 for ib)
𓃚
  • E8A
  • U+130DA
kid jumping
𓃛
  • E9
  • U+130DB
newborn hartebeest
  • "iu"
jw Determinative, for newborn animals, etc.
𓃜
  • E9A
  • U+130DC
mature bovine lying down
𓃝
  • E10
  • U+130DD
ram bꜣ ẖnmw
𓃞
  • E11
  • U+130DE
ram bꜣ ẖnmw
𓃟
  • E12
  • U+130DF
pig rrj
𓃠
  • E13
  • U+130E0
cat
  • miu
mjw Determinative for cat, as well as for the onomatopoeic Egyptian miu
𓃡
  • E14
  • U+130E1
dog jw ṯsm
𓃢
  • E15
  • U+130E2
lying canine jnpw ḥrj-sštꜣ
𓃣
  • E16
  • U+130E3
lying canine on shrine jnpw ḥrj-sštꜣ
𓃤
  • E16A
  • U+130E4
lying canine on shrine with flagellum
𓃥
  • E17
  • U+130E5
jackal sꜣb
𓃦
  • E17A
  • U+130E6
jackal looking back
𓃧
  • E18
  • U+130E7
wolf on standard wpj-wꜣwt
𓃨
  • E19
  • U+130E8
wolf on standard with mace wpj-wꜣwt
𓃩
  • E20
  • U+130E9
Set-animal stẖ, stš, swti ẖnnw Set (mythology)
𓃪
  • E20A
  • U+130EA
Set-animal on basket
𓃫
  • E21
  • U+130EB
lying Set-animal nšnj
𓃬
  • E22
  • U+130EC
lion
  • mꜣi
mꜣj Ideogram for standing lion, mꜣi
𓃭
  • E23
  • U+130ED
lying lion rw, later r, l
𓃮
  • E24
  • U+130EE
panther ꜣby
𓃯
  • E25
  • U+130EF
hippopotamus db
𓃰
  • E26
  • U+130F0
elephant
  • ꜣbw
    ꜣb
    dnhr-(Ptolemaic)
ꜣbw 1. Determinative in ꜣbw, elephant (ultimate source of English word ivory); phonetic ꜣb
2. Ptolemaic Kingdom, new use of dnhr
𓃱
  • E27
  • U+130F1
giraffe mmj sr
𓃲
  • E28
  • U+130F2
oryx
  • gḥs
mꜣ-ḥḏ Gazelle (Gḥs-t, a Gazelle-Goddess)
𓃳
  • E28A
  • U+130F3
oryx with irrigation system
𓃴
  • E29
  • U+130F4
gazelle gḥs
𓃵
  • E30
  • U+130F5
ibex njꜣw
𓃶
  • E31
  • U+130F6
goat with collar sꜥḥ
𓃷
  • E32
  • U+130F7
baboon jꜥn, ky, qnd
𓃸
  • E33
  • U+130F8
monkey gjf
𓃹
  • E34
  • U+130F9
hare
wn
𓃺
  • E34A
  • U+130FA
hare (low)
𓃻
  • E36
  • U+130FB
baboon
𓃼
  • E37
  • U+130FC
baboon with receptacle and basket
𓃽
  • E38
  • U+130FD
long-horned bull
F Parts of mammals
𓃾
  • F1
  • U+130FE
ox head kꜣ Possibly ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Aleph and its descendants
𓃿
  • F1A
  • U+130FF
bovine head
  • fnḏ
alone is fnḏ (nose) but is also determinative for sn (kiss, smell). Interchangeable with D19
𓄀
  • F2
  • U+13100
charging ox head ḏnd
𓄁
  • F3
  • U+13101
hippopotamus head ꜣt
𓄂
  • F4
  • U+13102
forepart of lion ḥꜣt
𓄃
  • F5
  • U+13103
hartebeest head šsꜣ
𓄄
  • F6
  • U+13104
forepart of hartebeest šsꜣ
𓄅
  • F7
  • U+13105
ram head šfyt
𓄆
  • F8
  • U+13106
forepart of ram šfyt
𓄇
  • F9
  • U+13107
leopard
head
pḥty Determinative or abbreviation for pḥty, "strength"
𓄈
  • F10
  • U+13108
head and neck of animal ḫḫ
𓄉
  • F11
  • U+13109
head and neck of animal ḫḫ
𓄊
  • F12
  • U+1310A
head and neck of animal wsr
𓄋
  • F13
  • U+1310B
horns wp, jp "Open", the New Year festival, opening the year
𓄌
  • F13A
  • U+1310C
horns
𓄍
  • F14
  • U+1310D
horns with palm branch wpt-rnpt (see: Renpet)
𓄎
  • F15
  • U+1310E
horns with palm branch and sun wpt-rnpt
𓄏
  • F16
  • U+1310F
horn ꜥb
𓄐
  • F17
  • U+13110
horn and vase from which water flows ꜥbw
𓄑
  • F18
  • U+13111
tusk bḥ, ḥw
𓄒
  • F19
  • U+13112
lower jaw-bone of ox ꜥrt
𓄓
  • F20
  • U+13113
tongue ns 1. Egyp. bil. ns.
2. A-tongue, and related words for speech; B-30th-(the 'Last Day of the Month'), and therefore, (next)-last
𓄔
  • F21
  • U+13114
ear of bovine msḏr, ḏrḏ, sḏm
𓄕
  • F21A
  • U+13115
hieratic ear of bovine
𓄖
  • F22
  • U+13116
hind-quarters of lion pḥ 1. Ideas of 'physical force', and 'strength, (from the legs of the hindparts);
2. Biliteral pḥ;
3. see also: "forepart of lion", what is 'foremost', what 'excels', etc.,
F4
𓄗
  • F23
  • U+13117
foreleg
of ox
ḫpš 1. ḫpš, khepesh
2. the reversed hieroglyph means, "strength", "power"
𓄘
  • F24
  • U+13118
F23 reversed ḫpš
𓄙
  • F25
  • U+13119
leg of
ox
wḥm 1. Meanings of: "repeat, repetition"
2. Tril. for wḥm
3. Ideogram for "bovine leg"
4. (to repeat, narrate, recount, tell a story, tell a dream)
𓄚
  • F26
  • U+1311A
skin of goat ẖn
𓄛
  • F27
  • U+1311B
skin of cow with bent tail dḥr, pnw
𓄜
  • F28
  • U+1311C
skin of cow with straight tail ꜣb
𓄝
  • F29
  • U+1311D
cow's skin pierced by arrow sṯ Piercing rays
see ubn, (sun-with-rays)
𓄞
  • F30
  • U+1311E
water-
skin
šd 1. Determinative for šdw, "belly"; phon. for šd
2. (See: similar shaped hieroglyph: V22 whip)
𓄟
  • F31
  • U+1311F
three skins tied together ms Bil. ms, "born", "born-of"; example, Pharaoh Ahmose, "Moon-Born"; Kamose, "Spirit-Born"
𓄠
  • F31A
  • U+13120
three skins tied together
𓄡
  • F32
  • U+13121
animal's belly
𓄢
  • F33
  • U+13122
tail
  • sd
sd 1. Determinative for sd, "tail"; then phon., sd
2. (See: the Sed festival, 'Festival of the Tail')
𓄣
  • F34
  • U+13123
heart
  • ib
jb Ideogram or det. for ib, "heart" or also ḥ3ty that also means "heart";
(See also E8 young goat, for ib)
𓄤
  • F35
  • U+13124
heart and
windpipe
  • nfr
nfr Egyptian triliteral sign for nfr, (beauty), or "perfect"

Possibly ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Teth and its descendants
𓄥
  • F36
  • U+13125
lung and windpipe
smꜣ Egyptian "lung", sma-(smꜣ); used for union, (as in the "Two Lands", "Upper and Lower Egypt)-(Lower Egypt=the Nile Delta); Ideogram or det. for "unite", "join"
𓄦
  • F37
  • U+13126
backbone and ribs and spinal cord
  • šꜥt
jꜣt Wounds, slaughter, carnage
𓄧
  • F37A
  • U+13127
backbone and ribs
𓄨
  • F38
  • U+13128
backbone and ribs jꜣt
𓄩
  • F38A
  • U+13129
backbone and ribs and spinal cord
𓄪
  • F39
  • U+1312A
backbone and spinal cord jmꜣḫ
𓄫
  • F40
  • U+1312B
backbone and spinal cords
ꜣw To be long, length, to extend
Pharaoh: Extent of Happiness-(for Egypt-Land),
F40
F34
, (on reliefs)
(i.e. the Welfare of the Nation)
𓄬
  • F41
  • U+1312C
vertebrae psḏ
𓄭
  • F42
  • U+1312D
rib spr
𓄮
  • F43
  • U+1312E
ribs spḥt
𓄯
  • F44
  • U+1312F
bone with meat
  • jsw
    jwꜥ, jw
    swt
jsw 1. Phoneme, jsw-"Reward".
2. Determinative for thigh bone, jwꜥ-"Heir", Inheritance, Ancestry, (phonetic jw. Also, tibia, swt
𓄰
  • F45
  • U+13130
uterus
  • vulva, womb, cow
jdt
𓄱
  • F45A
  • U+13131
uterus
𓄲
  • F46
  • U+13132
intestine
  • pẖr, rr
    wḏb
pẖr, dbn Egyptian language, wḏb; from dikeworks, to turn round, to change the direction, (crop rows)
𓄳
  • F46A
  • U+13133
intestine pẖr, dbn
𓄴
  • F47
  • U+13134
intestine pẖr, dbn
𓄵
  • F47A
  • U+13135
intestine pẖr, dbn
𓄶
  • F48
  • U+13136
intestine pẖr, dbn
𓄷
  • F49
  • U+13137
intestine pẖr, dbn
𓄸
  • F50
  • U+13138
combination of F46 and S29
  • spẖr
spẖr to write, to engrave
𓄹
  • F51
  • U+13139
piece of flesh ꜣs, ws
𓄺
  • F51A
  • U+1313A
three pieces of flesh horizontally
𓄻
  • F51B
  • U+1313B
three pieces of flesh vertically
𓄼
  • F51C
  • U+1313C
F51 reversed
𓄽
  • F52
  • U+1313D
excrement
  • ḥs
ḥs Determinative in hs-(ḥs), "excrement"
𓄾
  • F53
  • U+1313E
divine rod with ram head
G Birds
𓄿
  • G1
  • U+1313F
Egyptian vulture Uniliteral sign representing Egyptian alef
𓅀
  • G2
  • U+13140
two Egyptian vultures ꜣꜣ
𓅁
  • G3
  • U+13141
combination of Egyptian vulture and sickle mꜣ
𓅂
  • G4
  • U+13142
buzzard
  • tjw
tjw Tril. tjw
𓅃
  • G5
  • U+13143
falcon Horus; about 200 Horus-god names; an example: Horus-the-Child, Greek language-equivalent, Harpokrates; Egyptian, ḥrw-pꜣ-ẖrd,
G5Q3
F32
D21
D46
A17
𓅄
  • G6
  • U+13144
combination of falcon and flaggellum
  • falcon (bjk)
Id. ḥrw
𓅅
  • G6A
  • U+13145
falcon on basket
𓅆
  • G7
  • U+13146
falcon on standard
  • Various words related to the divine
nswt or ny-sw.t
𓅇
  • G7A
  • U+13147
falcon in boat
𓅈
  • G7B
  • U+13148
falcon in boat
𓅉
  • G8
  • U+13149
falcon on collar of beads Id. ḥr-nbw/bjk-nbw
𓅊
  • G9
  • U+1314A
falcon with sun on head skr
𓅋
  • G10
  • U+1314B
falcon in Sokar barque
  • Sokar, ḥnw-bark
𓅌
  • G11
  • U+1314C
image of falcon
𓅍
  • G11A
  • U+1314D
image of falcon on standard
𓅎
  • G12
  • U+1314E
combination of image of falcon and flagellum
𓅏
  • G13
  • U+1314F
image of falcon with two plumes Id. ḥrw nḫnj
𓅐
  • G14
  • U+13150
vulture
  • vulture (nrt)
mwt det. for mwt "mother"
𓅑
  • G15
  • U+13151
combination of vulture and flagellum Id. mwt
𓅒
  • G16
  • U+13152
vulture and cobra each on a basket Id. nbtj See Two Ladies
𓅓
  • G17
  • U+13153
owl
  • m
    (vertical)
m
𓅔
  • G18
  • U+13154
two owls mm
𓅕
  • G19
  • U+13155
combination of owl and forearm with conical loaf m, mj
𓅖
  • G20
  • U+13156
combination of owl and forearm m, mj
𓅗
  • G20A
  • U+13157
combination of owl and mouth
𓅘
  • G21
  • U+13158
guinea-fowl
nḥ, Id. nḥ 1. Egyp. bil. nḥ, for the bird; phon. for nḥ;
2. Ideas of petition, supplicate, beseech; for Egyptian language nḥ-t, nḥḥ-t, oil, unguent, equivalent of Coptic language, "ⲛⲉϩ";
3. for nḥḥ, eternity, or ever and ever, (see ḥḥ), Coptic "ⲉⲛⲉϩ"
𓅙
  • G22
  • U+13159
hoopoe ḏb
𓅚
  • G23
  • U+1315A
lapwing
  • rḫyt-people
Id. rḫyt
𓅛
  • G24
  • U+1315B
lapwing with twisted wings
  • rḫyt-people
Id. rḫyt
𓅜
  • G25
  • U+1315C
northern bald ibis
ꜣḫ Bil. ꜣḫ, for the 'divine'; also the ideogram
𓅝
  • G26
  • U+1315D
sacred Ibis on standard
Id. ḏḥwtj God Thoth, the god of scribes
𓅞
  • G26A
  • U+1315E
sacred Ibis
𓅟
  • G27
  • U+1315F
flamingo
  • flamingo (dšr)
dšr
𓅠
  • G28
  • U+13160
glossy ibis
gm to find, or to discover
𓅡
  • G29
  • U+13161
saddle-billed stork
bꜣ
𓅢
  • G30
  • U+13162
three saddle-billed storks
  • bꜣu
Id. bꜣw Divine souls, souls of gods
𓅣
  • G31
  • U+13163
heron
1. the heron-like Bennu
2. Determinative for bnw, the "Phoenix-bird"
3. For 'Phoenix' & Harp, in both cultures-(Egypt & Mesopotamia), one of few Akkadian, Semitic word similarities: Akkadian: banuA, to create, build, generate; and banuB, to be good, beautiful.[5]
𓅤
  • G32
  • U+13164
heron on perch
  • to inundate (bꜥḥj)
Id. bꜥḥj
𓅥
  • G33
  • U+13165
cattle egret
  • to tremble (sdꜣ/sdꜣdꜣ)
𓅦
  • G34
  • U+13166
ostrich
  • ostrich (njw)
𓅧
  • G35
  • U+13167
cormorant ꜥq
𓅨
  • G36
  • U+13168
swallow
  • swallow (mnt)
wr bil. wr
𓅩
  • G36A
  • U+13169
swallow (low)
𓅪
  • G37
  • U+1316A
sparrow Various words related to the idea of small or bad
𓅫
  • G37A
  • U+1316B
sparrow (low)
𓅬
  • G38
  • U+1316C
white-fronted goose
  • bird
zꜣ, sꜣ, sꜣ-t
(bil.)
1. "son of", "daughter of", sa, sa-t
2. goose
𓅭
  • G39
  • U+1316D
pintail
  • Pintail duck (zt)
zt
𓅮
  • G40
  • U+1316E
pintail flying
pꜣ Ideogram and bil. for pꜣ, to fly; phoneme for pꜣ
𓅯
  • G41
  • U+1316F
pintail alighting pꜣ
𓅰
  • G42
  • U+13170
widgeon
  • to fatten (wšꜣ), Food (ḏfꜣw)
Id. wšꜣ
𓅱
  • G43
  • U+13171
quail chick
  • w
    u
w, Id. w 1. Unil. w, or u
2. Either "quail chick" or equivalent coil (hieroglyph), Gardiner Z7,
Z7
, used also for the plural at word endings
𓅲
  • G43A
  • U+13172
combination of quail chick and flat loaf
𓅳
  • G44
  • U+13173
two quail chicks ww
𓅴
  • G45
  • U+13174
combination of quail chick and forearm wꜥ
𓅵
  • G45A
  • U+13175
combination of quail chick and forearm with conical loaf
𓅶
  • G46
  • U+13176
combination of quail chick and sickle mꜣw
𓅷
  • G47
  • U+13177
duckling
ṯꜣ Bil. ṯꜣ, for 'baby bird', duckling; Ideogram for 'young bird'
(The Egyptian vizier is the "ṯꜣty")
𓅸
  • G48
  • U+13178
three ducklings in nest
  • nest, pond, marsh ()
Id.
𓅹
  • G49
  • U+13179
three ducklings in pool
  • nest, pond, marsh ()
Id.
𓅺
  • G50
  • U+1317A
two plovers Id. rḫtj
𓅻
  • G51
  • U+1317B
bird pecking at fish
  • to catch fish (ḥꜣm/ḥjm)
𓅼
  • G52
  • U+1317C
goose picking up grain
  • to feed (snm)
𓅽
  • G53
  • U+1317D
human-headed bird with bowl with smoke
  • Ba (bꜣ), personality
Id. bꜣ Ba
𓅾
  • G54
  • U+1317E
plucked bird
  • to wring (birds' necks) (wšn)
snḏ 1. Determinative for wšn, Egyptian: "twist the neck (of a bird)"
2. Phonetically sn(tj), (snṯ)
3. (see Trussed-goose Palette)
H Parts of birds
𓅿
  • H1
  • U+1317F
head of pintail
  • bird (in ringing of bird's neck wšn)
mꜣꜥ, wšm, pq (pꜣq) 1. an abbreviation for ꜣpd, "bird"
𓆀
  • H2
  • U+13180
head of crested bird mꜣꜥ, wšm, pq (pꜣq) 1. Phoneme for pq
2. Also as:
H2a(head ofduck(one type))
or
Q3
W11
S28(cloth apparelcoveringetc
 
)
𓆁
  • H3
  • U+13181
head of spoonbill pꜣq
𓆂
  • H4
  • U+13182
head of vulture nr, rmṯ in "people"
𓆃
  • H5
  • U+13183
wing
  • wing (ḏnḥ), fly (pꜣ)
Wing
𓆄
  • H6
  • U+13184
feather
  • feather (šwt), Maat (mꜣꜥt), šw
God Shu, goddess Maat; Maat's Shu feather
𓆅
  • H6A
  • U+13185
hieratic feather
𓆆
  • H7
  • U+13186
claw šꜣ (only in country šꜣt)
𓆇
  • H8
  • U+13187
egg
  • son, egg (swḥt)
det. for feminine in goddess names, wives, etc.; det. in swḥt, 'egg'
I Amphibious animals, reptiles, etc.
𓆈
  • I1
  • U+13188
gecko
1. "multitudes", (=the populace, etc.)
2. Det. or ideo. in ꜥšꜣ "lizard"; also the tril.
𓆉
  • I2
  • U+13189
turtle
  • št
Turtle
𓆊
  • I3
  • U+1318A
crocodile
𓆋
  • I4
  • U+1318B
crocodile
on shrine
  • sbk
Ideogram of det. for sbk, (Sobek); (see also Crocodile)
𓆌
  • I5
  • U+1318C
crocodile with curved tail
𓆍
  • I5A
  • U+1318D
image of crocodile
𓆎
  • I6
  • U+1318E
crocodile scales
𓆏
  • I7
  • U+1318F
frog
  • ḥqt
    (ꜥbḫn and qrr)
Determinative, frog; (See also (frog)-Goddess Heket, her 'emblem'); noun words for 'frog': ꜥbḫn, qrr
𓆐
  • I8
  • U+13190
tadpole
  • ḥfn
    100,000
100,000
𓆑
  • I9
  • U+13191
horned viper
  • f
1. Uniliteral f
2. 3rd person singular masculine suffix pronoun
𓆒
  • I9A
  • U+13192
horned viper crawling out of enclosure
𓆓
  • I10
  • U+13193
cobra
to speak

Possibly ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Nun and its descendants
𓆔
  • I10A
  • U+13194
cobra with feather
𓆕
  • I11
  • U+13195
two cobras
𓆖
  • I11A
  • U+13196
combination of cobra, flat loaf and sandy tract
𓆗
  • I12
  • U+13197
erect cobra
  • jꜥrt
Uraeus; Determinative for jꜥrt "uraeus", and also in goddess names
𓆘
  • I13
  • U+13198
erect cobra on basket
𓆙
  • I14
  • U+13199
snake
𓆚
  • I15
  • U+1319A
snake
K Fishes and parts of fishes
𓆛
  • K1
  • U+1319B
tilapia
jnt, jn
(bil.)-jn
Egyptian biliteral sign jn; det. for "Tilapia", jnt; phoneme for jn; the common fish shape for reliefs & art; also for the fish cosmetic palettes
𓆜
  • K2
  • U+1319C
barbel bw
𓆝
  • K3
  • U+1319D
mullet
  • flathead mullet (ꜥḏw)
or ꜥḏ only in "country commissioner (ꜥḏ-mr)"
𓆞
  • K4
  • U+1319E
elephant-snout fish
ẖꜣ 1. Phonetic value ẖꜣ, from name, ideogram ẖjt
2. Bil. for ẖꜣ
𓆟
  • K5
  • U+1319F
Petrocephalus bane
  • petrocephalus bane (rm)
bs
𓆠
  • K6
  • U+131A0
fish scale
  • fish scale (nšmt)
𓆡
  • K7
  • U+131A1
puffer
  • Nile pufferfish, annoying (špt)
𓆢
  • K8
  • U+131A2
catfish
L Invertebrata and lesser animals
𓆣
  • L1
  • U+131A3
dung beetle
  • dung beetle, become, emerge
ḫpr See: Scarab (artifact)
See: God Khepri
𓆤
  • L2
  • U+131A4
bee
  • bee (bjt)
for bjt (only in "king of lower Egypt" (bjt)) This hieroglyphic shows the very important hieroglyphic for bee, that stands also for honey. It is found very often on pharaonic naming-inscriptions-(as the combined term: Nesu-bity), because this hieroglyphic is a symbol for Lower Egypt together with the sedge, the symbol that stands for Upper Egypt, showing the domination of the Pharaohs over Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt.

See also nswt-bjt

𓆥
  • L2A
  • U+131A5
combination of bee, sedge and two flat loafs
𓆦
  • L3
  • U+131A6
fly
  • fly (ꜥff)
𓆧
  • L4
  • U+131A7
locust
  • Grasshopper (snḥmn), locust
𓆨
  • L5
  • U+131A8
centipede
𓆩
  • L6
  • U+131A9
shell ḫꜣ (rarely)
𓆪
  • L6A
  • U+131AA
L6 reversed
𓆫
  • L7
  • U+131AB
scorpion
  • Selkis, scorpion goddess (srqt)
Modified for religious reasons
𓆬
  • L8
  • U+131AC
M Trees and plants
𓆭
  • M1
  • U+131AD
tree
𓆮
  • M1A
  • U+131AE
combination of tree and branch
𓆯
  • M1B
  • U+131AF
combination of tree and horned viper
𓆰
  • M2
  • U+131B0
plant
  • ḥn-(from ḥnj)
    js-(from jsw)
1. Determinative for various plants or flowers
2. Two phonemes for "cane", and "canes", ḥn-(from ḥnj), js-(from jsw).
3. flower (garland), plant, branch, seed
4. Rosetta Stone, line R12, The people shall wear garlands on their heads, shall be made festal...
𓆱
  • M3
  • U+131B1
branch ḫt 1. Bil. ḫt
2. Ideo. or det. for wood, tree; 3. linear measure, (=100 cubits)
𓆲
  • M3A
  • U+131B2
combination of owl and branch
𓆳
  • M4
  • U+131B3
palm branch
𓆴
  • M5
  • U+131B4
combination of palm branch and flat loaf
𓆵
  • M6
  • U+131B5
combination of palm branch and mouth
𓆶
  • M7
  • U+131B6
combination of palm branch and stool
𓆷
  • M8
  • U+131B7
pool with lotus flowers
  • šꜣ
1. Ideogram & Phoneme for šꜣ, "flooded country"
2. Ideogram for aḫt, Season of the Inundation
𓆸
  • M9
  • U+131B8
lotus flower
  • sšn
    (also snšn)
A. Ideogram or det. in sšn, lotus flower;
B. Greek language 'souson';
C. also det. for snšn, for lily, lotus
𓆹
  • M10
  • U+131B9
lotus bud with straight stem
𓆺
  • M10A
  • U+131BA
lotus bud with winding stem
𓆻
  • M11
  • U+131BB
flower on long twisted stalk
  • wtn
An offering, gift; make a gift; see wḏb
𓆼
  • M12
  • U+131BC
one lotus plant
Ideogram for ḫꜣ, a part of the lotus; phonetically used for ḫꜣ; in Egyptian mathematics, 1000: (see also ksj, bow, bend, do homage, etc., for ḫꜣ-ꜣ-b)
𓆽
  • M12A
  • U+131BD
two lotus plants
  • 2000
𓆾
  • M12B
  • U+131BE
three lotus plants
  • 3000
𓆿
  • M12C
  • U+131BF
four lotus plants
  • 4000
𓇀
  • M12D
  • U+131C0
five lotus plants
  • 5000
𓇁
  • M12E
  • U+131C1
six lotus plants
  • 6000
𓇂
  • M12F
  • U+131C2
seven lotus plants
  • 7000
𓇃
  • M12G
  • U+131C3
eight lotus plants
  • 8000
𓇄
  • M12H
  • U+131C4
nine lotus plants
  • 9000
𓇅
  • M13
  • U+131C5
papyrus
stem
Tril. wꜣḏ
𓇆
  • M14
  • U+131C6
combination of papyrus and cobra
𓇇
  • M15
  • U+131C7
clump of papyrus with buds
𓇈
  • M15A
  • U+131C8
combination of clump of papyrus with buds and village
𓇉
  • M16
  • U+131C9
clump of papyrus
  • mḥw
Symbol of Lower Egypt
𓇊
  • M16A
  • U+131CA
combination of clump of papyrus and village
𓇋
  • M17
  • U+131CB
reed
  • j
Alphabetic uniliteral vowel j
𓇌
  • M17A
  • U+131CC
two reeds
𓇍
  • M18
  • U+131CD
combination of reed and legs walking
  • jj
    jt
Combined sound-sign, determinative for j(+j); come, to come, coming, etc.
𓇎
  • M19
  • U+131CE
heaped conical cakes between reed and club
𓇏
  • M20
  • U+131CF
field of reeds
𓇐
  • M21
  • U+131D0
reeds with root
𓇑
  • M22
  • U+131D1
rush Possibly ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Tsade and its descendants
𓇒
  • M22A
  • U+131D2
two rushes proximal demonstrative "this, that"
𓇓
  • M23
  • U+131D3
sedge
  • sw
See nswt-bjt
𓇔
  • M24
  • U+131D4
combination of sedge and mouth
  • rs
Alternate version of M25 𓇖. South
𓇕
  • M24A
  • U+131D5
lily
𓇖
  • M25
  • U+131D6
combination of flowering sedge and mouth
  • rs
Upper Egypt; also, the South
𓇗
  • M26
  • U+131D7
flowering
sedge
  • šmꜥ
Flowering rush; also Gardiner nos. M25, M27, M28,
M25
 
M27
 
M28
𓇘
  • M27
  • U+131D8
combination of flowering sedge and forearm
𓇙
  • M28
  • U+131D9
combination of flowering sedge and hobble
𓇚
  • M28A
  • U+131DA
three lilies on village
𓇛
  • M29
  • U+131DB
seed-pod
1. Ideogram for types of tree nḏm, and "sweet", nḏm;
2. Egyptian triliteral sign for nḏm "date"
𓇜
  • M30
  • U+131DC
root
  • bnr
Ideogram or det. for bnr, sweet, date; for Egyptian language bnrjt, sweetness, a favor, anything sweet, pleasant or nice; for bnryty, the 'confectioner'
𓇝
  • M31
  • U+131DD
rhizome
𓇞
  • M31A
  • U+131DE
tree in vase
𓇟
  • M32
  • U+131DF
rhizome
𓇠
  • M33
  • U+131E0
3 grains horizontally
𓇡
  • M33A
  • U+131E1
3 grains vertically
𓇢
  • M33B
  • U+131E2
3 grains in triangular arrangement
𓇣
  • M34
  • U+131E3
ear of emmer
𓇤
  • M35
  • U+131E4
stack
(of grain)
  • (kh)ty
    ꜥḥꜥ-ꜥḥꜥw
Determinative in 1. ꜥḥꜥ-ꜥḥꜥw, for "stack-(of grain)"; (or other determiners for: food, provisions, stores, heaps of grain, wealth, riches, abundance);
2. and (kh)ty, 'heap of grain', where (kh)tyt, is "barn floor", or "place where grain is stored for sale"
𓇥
  • M36
  • U+131E5
bundle of flax
  • 1-ḏr
    many word
    constructs
    2-dma
    (bil.)-ḏr
1. Bil. & phoneme for ḏr;
2. Determinative for dmꜣ, to tie together, to bind, to gather together, to collect
𓇦
  • M37
  • U+131E6
bundle of flax
𓇧
  • M38
  • U+131E7
wide bundle of flax
𓇨
  • M39
  • U+131E8
basket of fruit or grain
  • 1. ḏr
    2. dmꜥ (to-gather)
    (bil.)
    ḏr-(equivalent)
1. see "Bundle of Flax";
2. interchangeable with 'Bundle of Flax', bil. ḏr;
3A. Determinative; 3B. for the Decree of Canopus, used once, line 18, for Egyptian language rd, (to grow, to flourish, to spring up, to spread out)
D21
D46
Z3M2
as a replacement for the "Garland"-(3-Plants-Bundle), "...., and the great processional festival of the Goddess Bast, because the time for the in-gathering of all the crops, and the inundation of the Nile (River) taketh place therein. ...."[6]
𓇩
  • M40
  • U+131E9
bundle of reeds
𓇪
  • M40A
  • U+131EA
bundle of reeds
𓇫
  • M41
  • U+131EB
piece of wood
𓇬
  • M42
  • U+131EC
flower
𓇭
  • M43
  • U+131ED
vine on trellis
𓇮
  • M44
  • U+131EE
thorn
  • spd
    srt
Determinative for spd, "readiness", sharp, pointed, etc.; det. for srt, "thorn" Also means "giving"
N Sky, earth, water
𓇯
  • N1
  • U+131EF
sky
  • pt
Sky, (or heaven), and often used as God/Pharaoh XXXX, Lord of Sky/Heaven,
hieroglyph block:
N1
X1
V30
𓇰
  • N2
  • U+131F0
sky with sceptre
  • grḥ
Night, darkness
𓇱
  • N3
  • U+131F1
sky with sceptre
  • grḥ
Night, darkness
𓇲
  • N4
  • U+131F2
sky with rain
𓇳
  • N5
  • U+131F3
sun Ra/Re (Every pharaoh's prenomen has 'Re' in it, the name of the sun god, sometimes written 'Ra')
𓇴
  • N6
  • U+131F4
sun with uraeus Possibly ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Shin (letter) and its descendants
𓇵
  • N7
  • U+131F5
combination of sun and butcher's block
𓇶
  • N8
  • U+131F6
sunshine
𓇷
  • N9
  • U+131F7
moon with lower half obscured
  • psḏ
used for the Ennead (nine gods) and New moon festival
𓇸
  • N10
  • U+131F8
moon with lower section obscured
𓇹
  • N11
  • U+131F9
crescent moon
  • jꜥḥ
1. Det. "moon"; 2. Ideogram, jꜥḥ, 'moon'; 3. items of the 'month', (time period); see ploughing, laborer ("planting"), Gardiner T24, (also jꜥḥ)
T24
𓇺
  • N12
  • U+131FA
crescent moon
𓇻
  • N13
  • U+131FB
combination of crescent moon and star
𓇼
  • N14
  • U+131FC
star
Ideogram or det. for sba-(sbꜣ), "star"; phonetic for dua-(dwꜣ)(dua); (see Duat)
𓇽
  • N15
  • U+131FD
star in circle
  • dwꜣt
Otherworld, the Duat
𓇾
  • N16
  • U+131FE
land with grains
  • tꜣ
Biliteral tꜣ "land", "country", etc.
𓇿
  • N17
  • U+131FF
land Variant of N16
𓈀
  • N18
  • U+13200
sandy tract
𓈁
  • N18A
  • U+13201
combination of sandy tract and ripple of water
𓈂
  • N18B
  • U+13202
combination of roll of bread and bolt
𓈃
  • N19
  • U+13203
two sandy tracts
  • tꜣwj
In ḥrw tꜣš(w) tꜣwj "Horus who joins the two lands"
𓈄
  • N20
  • U+13204
tongue of land
𓈅
  • N21
  • U+13205
short tongue of land
𓈆
  • N22
  • U+13206
broad tongue of land
𓈇
  • N23
  • U+13207
irrigation canal
𓈈
  • N24
  • U+13208
irrigation canal system
  • spꜣt
𓈉
  • N25
  • U+13209
three hills
  • ḫꜣs(t)
part of ḫꜣst, for "hill country" or "foreign land". Det. for a place.
𓈊
  • N25A
  • U+1320A
three hills (low)
𓈋
  • N26
  • U+1320B
two hills
Bil. ḏw, for "mountain"; ideogram and phoneme for "mountain"
𓈌
  • N27
  • U+1320C
sun over mountain
  • ꜣḫt
Ideogram for ꜣḫt, "horizon"; (see Akhenaten's townsite, Akhetaten)
𓈍
  • N28
  • U+1320D
rays of sun over hill
  • ḫꜥ
Bil. ḫꜥ; sun-rising (hieroglyph)
𓈎
  • N29
  • U+1320E
slope of hill q
𓈏
  • N30
  • U+1320F
mound of earth
𓈐
  • N31
  • U+13210
road with shrubs
𓈑
  • N32
  • U+13211
lump of clay
𓈒
  • N33
  • U+13212
grain
𓈓
  • N33A
  • U+13213
three grains
𓈔
  • N34
  • U+13214
ingot of metal
𓈕
  • N34A
  • U+13215
ingot of metal
𓈖
  • N35
  • U+13216
ripple of water
  • n (including as a preposition to, for, towards; of)
Possibly ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Mem and its descendants
𓈗
  • N35A
  • U+13217
three ripples of water mw
𓈘
  • N36
  • U+13218
canal
  • mr
mr-(Beloved of XX); det. water; (see also for mr, Chisel)
𓈙
  • N37
  • U+13219
pool
  • š
Uniliteral š, a pool
𓈚
  • N37A
  • U+1321A
pool
𓈛
  • N38
  • U+1321B
deep pool
𓈜
  • N39
  • U+1321C
pool with water
  • 1. jnr
    2. ḏbt
    dby-t-plinth
1. block of stone, (or brick, etc.)
2. Ideogram or det. in inr for "stone", "block", etc.
3. Det. in types of building stones or types of minerals
4A. Det. for dbt-(ḏbt), "brick"; 4B. dby-t-plinth, pedestal
𓈝
  • N40
  • U+1321D
pool
with legs
Pool with walking legs
𓈞
  • N41
  • U+1321E
well with ripple of water
  • ḥmt
    bjꜣ
Phonemes for ḥmt, biꜣ; A "basin", but commonly used for 'wife', or 'woman'
𓈟
  • N42
  • U+1321F
well with line of water
NL Lower nile Lower Nile
𓈠
  • NL1
  • U+13220
1st Nome of Lower Egypt (NL001), Inebu-Hedj
𓈡
  • NL2
  • U+13221
2nd Nome of Lower Egypt (NL002)
𓈢
  • NL3
  • U+13222
3rd Nome of Lower Egypt (NL003)
𓈣
  • NL4
  • U+13223
4th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL004)
𓈤
  • NL5
  • U+13224
5th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL005)
𓈥
  • NL5a
  • U+13225
5th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL005A)
𓈦
  • NL6
  • U+13226
6th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL006), Khaset
𓈧
  • NL7
  • U+13227
7th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL007)
𓈨
  • NL8
  • U+13228
8th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL008)
𓈩
  • NL9
  • U+13229
9th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL009)
𓈪
  • NL10
  • U+1322A
10th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL010)
𓈫
  • NL11
  • U+1322B
11th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL011)
𓈬
  • NL12
  • U+1322C
12th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL012)
𓈭
  • NL13
  • U+1322D
13th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL013), Heq-At
𓈮
  • NL14
  • U+1322E
14th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL014)
𓈯
  • NL15
  • U+1322F
15th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL015)
𓈰
  • NL16
  • U+13230
16th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL016)
𓈱
  • NL17
  • U+13231
17th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL017)
𓈲
  • NL17a
  • U+13232
17th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL017A)
𓈳
  • NL18
  • U+13233
18th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL018)
𓈴
  • NL19
  • U+13234
19th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL019)
𓈵
  • NL20
  • U+13235
20th Nome of Lower Egypt (NL020)
NU Upper nile Upper Nile
𓈶
  • NU1
  • U+13236
1st Nome of Upper Egypt (NU001), Ta-Seti
𓈷
  • NU2
  • U+13237
2nd Nome of Upper Egypt (NU002), Wetjes-Hor
𓈸
  • NU3
  • U+13238
3rd Nome of Upper Egypt (NU003), Nekhen (nome)
𓈹
  • NU4
  • U+13239
4th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU004)
𓈺
  • NU5
  • U+1323A
5th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU005), Herui
𓈻
  • NU6
  • U+1323B
6th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU006), Iqer
𓈼
  • NU7
  • U+1323C
7th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU007)
𓈽
  • NU8
  • U+1323D
8th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU008), Ta-wer
𓈾
  • NU9
  • U+1323E
9th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU009)
𓈿
  • NU10
  • U+1323F
10th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU010), Wadjet
𓉀
  • NU10a
  • U+13240
10th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU010A), Wadjet
𓉁
  • NU11
  • U+13241
11th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU011)
𓉂
  • NU11a
  • U+13242
11th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU011A)
𓉃
  • NU12
  • U+13243
12th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU012)
𓉄
  • NU13
  • U+13244
13th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU013)
𓉅
  • NU14
  • U+13245
14th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU014)
𓉆
  • NU15
  • U+13246
15th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU015), Wenet
𓉇
  • NU16
  • U+13247
16th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU016), Ma-hedj
𓉈
  • NU17
  • U+13248
17th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU017)
𓉉
  • NU18
  • U+13249
18th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU018)
𓉊
  • NU18a
  • U+1324A
18th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU018A)
𓉋
  • NU19
  • U+1324B
19th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU019)
𓉌
  • NU20
  • U+1324C
20th Nome of Upper Egypt (NU020)
𓉍
  • NU21
  • U+1324D
21st Nome of Upper Egypt (NU021)
𓉎
  • NU22
  • U+1324E
22nd Nome of Upper Egypt (NU022)
𓉏
  • NU22a
  • U+1324F
22nd Nome of Upper Egypt (NU022A)
O Buildings, parts of buildings, etc.
𓉐
  • O1
  • U+13250
house
bil. pr; used extensively in "placenames"-(home of God XXX); placenames for a Pharaoh, etc.
1. Ideogram, house, estate; 2. bil. pr; 3. Determinative for 'building', 'location'.

Possibly ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Bet and its descendants.
𓉑
  • O1A
  • U+13251
combination of house and ankh
𓉒
  • O2
  • U+13252
combination of house and mace with round head
𓉓
  • O3
  • U+13253
combination of house, oar, tall loaf and beer jug
𓉔
  • O4
  • U+13254
shelter
  • h
1. first alphabetic h; 2. Egyptian uniliteral sign h; 3. see second uniliteral h, the wick (hieroglyph), Gardiner V28,
V28
𓉕
  • O5
  • U+13255
winding wall from upper-left corner
𓉖
  • O5A
  • U+13256
winding wall from lower-left corner
𓉗
  • O6
  • U+13257
enclosure
  • ḥwt
1. Ideogram for hwt-(ḥut), palace, temple, tomb; see also:
O11
palace, ꜥḥ

Possibly ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Heth and its descendants
𓉘
  • O6A
  • U+13258
opening of ḥwt-enclosure
𓉙
  • O6B
  • U+13259
opening of ḥwt-enclosure
𓉚
  • O6C
  • U+1325A
opening of ḥwt-enclosure
𓉛
  • O6D
  • U+1325B
closing of ḥwt-enclosure
𓉜
  • O6E
  • U+1325C
closing of ḥwt-enclosure
𓉝
  • O6F
  • U+1325D
closing of ḥwt-enclosure
𓉞
  • O7
  • U+1325E
combination of enclosure and flat loaf
𓉟
  • O8
  • U+1325F
combination of enclosure, flat loaf and wooden column
𓉠
  • O9
  • U+13260
combination of enclosure, flat loaf and basket
𓉡
  • O10
  • U+13261
combination of enclosure and falcon
𓉢
  • O10A
  • U+13262
combination of enclosure and ankh
𓉣
  • O10B
  • U+13263
combination of enclosure and bee
𓉤
  • O10C
  • U+13264
combination of shrine in profile and face
𓉥
  • O11
  • U+13265
palace
  • ꜥḥ
1. Ideogram, ꜥḥ "palace"; see also:
O6
palace, temple, tomb, ḥwt
𓉦
  • O12
  • U+13266
combination of palace and forearm
𓉧
  • O13
  • U+13267
battlemented enclosure
𓉨
  • O14
  • U+13268
part of battlemented enclosure
𓉩
  • O15
  • U+13269
enclosure with cup and flat loaf
𓉪
  • O16
  • U+1326A
gateway with serpents
𓉫
  • O17
  • U+1326B
open gateway with serpents
𓉬
  • O18
  • U+1326C
shrine in profile
𓉭
  • O19
  • U+1326D
shrine with fence
𓉮
  • O19A
  • U+1326E
shrine
𓉯
  • O20
  • U+1326F
shrine
𓉰
  • O20A
  • U+13270
shrine
𓉱
  • O21
  • U+13271
façade of shrine
𓉲
  • O22
  • U+13272
booth with pole
𓉳
  • O23
  • U+13273
double platform
𓉴
  • O24
  • U+13274
pyramid
𓉵
  • O24A
  • U+13275
pedestal of sun temple
𓉶
  • O25
  • U+13276
obelisk
  • tḫn
Ideogram or det. for tḫn, obelisk
𓉷
  • O25A
  • U+13277
obelisk and pedestal of sun temple
𓉸
  • O26
  • U+13278
stela
  • wḏ
    ꜥḥꜥw
1. Ideogram or det. for wḏ, a stele; det. for ꜥḥꜥw, station (of a procession), "stele"; used also for 'memorial slab', boundary stone, landmark. 2. NOTE: there are other listed, (or Non-listed) hieroglyphs for boundary steles:
Aa20(similar) O26(variants)
3. Similar spelling for wḏ: uses a stone block as det. and hand: ud
V25D46
N39
𓉹
  • O27
  • U+13279
hall of columns
𓉺
  • O28
  • U+1327A
column
𓉻
  • O29
  • U+1327B
horizontal wooden column ꜥꜣ 'Great'
(wooden)-column
𓉼
  • O29A
  • U+1327C
vertical wooden column
𓉽
  • O30
  • U+1327D
support
𓉾
  • O30A
  • U+1327E
four supports
𓉿
  • O31
  • U+1327F
door ꜥꜣ 1. Egyptian language, ꜥꜣ, equivalent to
O29
 
O29V
.
2. Determinative, 'open'

Possibly ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Dalet and its descendants.
𓊀
  • O32
  • U+13280
gateway
𓊁
  • O33
  • U+13281
façade of palace
𓊂
  • O33A
  • U+13282
closing of srḫ-enclosure
𓊃
  • O34
  • U+13283
door bolt
  • s
    (horizontal)
Unil. s, (the horizontal s); the vertical s is Gardiner [{#S29
𓊄
  • O35
  • U+13284
combination of bolt and legs
  • zj
alone translates to "go!", can also be used in zbj, "perish".
𓊅
  • O36
  • U+13285
wall
  • jnb
1. Ideogram or det. for jnb, "wall";
2. (a det. for related words)
𓊆
  • O36A
  • U+13286
opening of oval fortified wall enclosure
𓊇
  • O36B
  • U+13287
closing of oval fortified wall enclosure
𓊈
  • O36C
  • U+13288
opening of square fortified wall enclosure
𓊉
  • O36D
  • U+13289
closure of square fortified wall enclosure
𓊊
  • O37
  • U+1328A
falling wall
𓊋
  • O38
  • U+1328B
corner of wall
𓊌
  • O39
  • U+1328C
stone
𓊍
  • O40
  • U+1328D
stair single A determinative
𓊎
  • O41
  • U+1328E
double stairway
  • qꜣ, qꜣꜣ, qꜣj
1. Determinative for qꜣ-(constructs): high ground, hill, high place;
2. same for jꜣr, to climb
𓊏
  • O42
  • U+1328F
fence šsp tril. šsp
𓊐
  • O43
  • U+13290
low fence
𓊑
  • O44
  • U+13291
emblem of Min
  • jꜣt
1. Ideogram or det. for jꜣt, for "post", "office", "position", etc.
2. the fetish of the "Temple of Min"
𓊒
  • O45
  • U+13292
domed building
𓊓
  • O46
  • U+13293
domed building
𓊔
  • O47
  • U+13294
enclosed mound
𓊕
  • O48
  • U+13295
enclosed mound
  • sp
Time; see also "threshing floor", Gardiner O50
𓊖
  • O49
  • U+13296
village
𓊗
  • O50
  • U+13297
threshing floor
  • sp
    (from spt)
Biliteral sp; (equal to Egyptian: "time"); see also "time", Gardiner O48
𓊘
  • O50A
  • U+13298
hieratic threshing floor
𓊙
  • O50B
  • U+13299
O50A reversed
𓊚
  • O51
  • U+1329A
pile of grain šnwt Ideo. or det., šnwt, "granary"
P Ships and parts of ships
𓊛
  • P1
  • U+1329B
boat
  • ship, boat (dpt), sail, go downstream
𓊜
  • P1A
  • U+1329C
boat upside down
𓊝
  • P2
  • U+1329D
ship under sail
  • sail (go upstream)
𓊞
  • P3
  • U+1329E
sacred barque
  • sacred barque (wiꜣ or wrtA)
𓊟
  • P3A
  • U+1329F
sacred barque without steering oar
𓊠
  • P4
  • U+132A0
boat with net Abbreviation for fisherman (wḥꜥ)
𓊡
  • P5
  • U+132A1
sail
  • sail (ṯꜣwt) (ḥtꜣw), sailor (nfw), wind (ṯꜣw), north wind (mḥyt)
𓊢
  • P6
  • U+132A2
mast
  • stand (ꜥḥꜥ)
ꜥḥꜥ Triliteral ꜥḥꜥ, "to erect"
𓊣
  • P7
  • U+132A3
combination of mast and forearm ꜥḥꜥw Combination of P6 and D36
𓊤
  • P8
  • U+132A4
oar
  • oar (wsrw)
1. Determinative for wsr, "oar";
2. Tril. phonogram, ḫrw
𓊥
  • P9
  • U+132A5
combination of oar and horned viper
  • says (ḫrwfj)
Combination of P8 and I9
𓊦
  • P10
  • U+132A6
rudder
  • steering oar (ḥmw)
Determinative, ḥmw, for "rudder" and related words
𓊧
  • P11
  • U+132A7
mooring
post
  • mooring post (mjnj)
1. Determinative in mnit, the "mooring post", or related words
Q Domestic and funerary furniture
𓊨
  • Q1
  • U+132A8
seat
throne
  • seat (st), place
st, js, ḥtm Ideogram for st, seat, throne, place; and phonogram st; see is-t, for major use of Place of XXXX, etc.
𓊩
  • Q2
  • U+132A9
carrying
chair
  • seat (st)
*ws in Osiris (wsjr) Ideogram for ꜣsir, the God Osiris
𓊪
  • Q3
  • U+132AA
stool
  • support (p), stool, stool made out of reed (originally the stool's Mat)
A common usage is for the name of god Ptah-(p,t,h)
𓊫
  • Q4
  • U+132AB
headrest
  • wrs
A. Determinative for wrs', the "headrest";
B. headrest is also Egyptian language, wꜣrst,
wArwAa18
Z1
M3
t Z1
(one spelling)
(equals Coptic language, "ⲟⲩⲣⲁⲥ").
C. See also: WikiCommons: Egyptian headrests
𓊬
  • Q5
  • U+132AC
chest
  • box (hn)
𓊭
  • Q6
  • U+132AD
sarcophagus
  • coffin (qrsw), bury (qrs)
Ideogram or det. for qrsw, sarcophagus
𓊮
  • Q7
  • U+132AE
brazier
  • fire, flame
  • lamp
  • brazier
1. lamp
2. (see Fire-Flame)-(in progress)
3. "Brazier"
4. Egyptian language, ḫꜣbs, (for lamp, etc.-tied to ḫꜣbs, for "star", "luminary"; for Flame: ḫt, sḏt, & nsr; for Heat: rkḥ & tꜣ
R Temple furniture and sacred emblems
𓊯
  • R1
  • U+132AF
high table with offerings
  • offering table (ḫꜣwt)
ḫꜣwt
𓊰
  • R2
  • U+132B0
table with slices of bread
  • offering table (ḫꜣwt)
ḫꜣwt
𓊱
  • R2A
  • U+132B1
high table with offerings
𓊲
  • R3
  • U+132B2
low table with offerings
  • offering table (ḫꜣwt)
ḫꜣwt
𓊳
  • R3A
  • U+132B3
low table
  • altar; contentment
ḥtp
𓊴
  • R3B
  • U+132B4
low table with offerings (simplified)
𓊵
  • R4
  • U+132B5
loaf on mat "altar, offering, boon which the king grants, be pleased, be happy, be gracious, pardon, be at peace, be peaceful, become calm" (Faulkner 1991:179)
𓊶
  • R5
  • U+132B6
narrow censer
𓊷
  • R6
  • U+132B7
broad censer
𓊸
  • R7
  • U+132B8
bowl with smoke
𓊹
  • R8
  • U+132B9
Cloth on pole
  • nṯr
logogram of god; Phonogram nṯr
𓊺
  • R9
  • U+132BA
combination of cloth on pole and bag
𓊻
  • R10
  • U+132BB
combination of cloth on pole, butcher's block and slope of hill
𓊼
  • R10A
  • U+132BC
combination of cloth on pole and butcher's block
𓊽
  • R11
  • U+132BD
reed column
Djed

Possibly ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Samekh and its descendants
𓊾
  • R12
  • U+132BE
standard
𓊿
  • R13
  • U+132BF
falcon and feather on standard
𓋀
  • R14
  • U+132C0
Emblem
of the West
  • jmnj ("West")
  • wnmj ("right")
Emblem of the West
Ideogram for jmnt, west, (and similar); also for wnmj, "right"
𓋁
  • R15
  • U+132C1
spear, Emblem of the East
  • jꜣbt ("East")
  • jꜣbj ("left")
Emblem of the East
Ideogram for jꜣbt, east, (and similar); also for jꜣbj, "left"
𓋂
  • R16
  • U+132C2
sceptre with feathers and string
𓋃
  • R16A
  • U+132C3
sceptre with feathers
𓋄
  • R17
  • U+132C4
wig on pole
𓋅
  • R18
  • U+132C5
combination of wig on pole and irrigation canal system
𓋆
  • R19
  • U+132C6
scepter with feather
𓋇
  • R20
  • U+132C7
flower with horns Symbol representing the goddess Seshat
𓋈
  • R21
  • U+132C8
flower with horns
𓋉
  • R22
  • U+132C9
two narrow belemnites
𓋊
  • R23
  • U+132CA
two broad belemnites
𓋋
  • R24
  • U+132CB
two bows tied horizontally
  • nt
1. Ideogram or det. for name of Goddess Neith;
2. Egyp. bil. nt
𓋌
  • R25
  • U+132CC
two bows tied vertically
𓋍
  • R26
  • U+132CD
combination of land, lung and windpipe, lily, and papyrus
𓋎
  • R27
  • U+132CE
two arrows crossed over a shield
𓋏
  • R28
  • U+132CF
Bat
𓋐
  • R29
  • U+132D0
niche with serpent
S Crowns, dress, staves, etc.
𓋑
  • S1
  • U+132D1
white crown
  • ḥḏ
See Hedjet; (see also Red crown & Pschent)
𓋒
  • S2
  • U+132D2
combination of white crown and basket
  • wrt
𓋓
  • S2A
  • U+132D3
combination of white crown and village
𓋔
  • S3
  • U+132D4
red crown
  • n
    (vertical)
See Deshret; Red crown (hieroglyph)-(uniliteral n-(vertical)); (see also White crown)
𓋕
  • S4
  • U+132D5
combination of red crown and basket
  • wrt
𓋖
  • S5
  • U+132D6
Pschent Crown For the Pharaoh, King of the Two Lands, (i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt)
𓋗
  • S6
  • U+132D7
combination of Pschent Crown and basket
𓋘
  • S6A
  • U+132D8
combination of red crown and village
𓋙
  • S7
  • U+132D9
blue crown ḫprš khepresh-helmet
𓋚
  • S8
  • U+132DA
Atef
crown
  • ꜣtf
Ideo. or det. for the crown ꜣtf-(atef)
𓋛
  • S9
  • U+132DB
shuti
two-feather
adornment
šwtj two feathers, shuti two-feather adornment
𓋜
  • S10
  • U+132DC
headband
𓋝
  • S11
  • U+132DD
broad collar
𓋞
  • S12
  • U+132DE
collar of beads
bil. nbw; Horus of Gold name in Pharaonic titulary
𓋟
  • S13
  • U+132DF
combination of collar of beads and foot
𓋠
  • S14
  • U+132E0
combination of collar of beads and mace with round head
𓋡
  • S14A
  • U+132E1
combination of collar of beads and sceptre
  • ḏꜥm
White-gold
see gold (hieroglyph)
𓋢
  • S14B
  • U+132E2
combination of collar of beads and sceptre
𓋣
  • S15
  • U+132E3
pectoral Four props, the Four Pillars of Heaven; also as, sḫnt, four pillars of the sky; (sa)(kh)niu, additionally, 4 legs of a chair; sḫnt, 4 legs of a vessel & sḫnt IV, the 4 Pillars that Support the Sky
𓋤
  • S16
  • U+132E4
pectoral
𓋥
  • S17
  • U+132E5
pectoral
𓋦
  • S17A
  • U+132E6
girdle
𓋧
  • S18
  • U+132E7
"menat
necklace
and
counterpoise"
(mnjt) 1. "Menat and counterpoise"; 2. Ideogram or det. in mnjt, the necklace of Menat pearls
𓋨
  • S19
  • U+132E8
seal
with necklace
Seal
with necklace
𓋩
  • S20
  • U+132E9
necklace with seal
  • many
    see under:
    ḏb-to seal
    ḏbꜥj-t
1. (confer cylinder seal); 2. Ideogram or det. in ẖtm, sḏꜣt, ḏbꜥt, all words for "seal", or equivalent words
Seal-rings, (Impression seals, or Seals of Office)
𓋪
  • S21
  • U+132EA
ring
𓋫
  • S22
  • U+132EB
shoulder-knot
𓋬
  • S23
  • U+132EC
two whips
with shen ring
  • dmḏ
    ordnḏ
Ideogram and det. in dmḏ, for "to unite"
𓋭
  • S24
  • U+132ED
girdle knot
1. knot; to tie in a knot, fetter;
2. Bil. ṯs
𓋮
  • S25
  • U+132EE
garment with ties
𓋯
  • S26
  • U+132EF
apron
𓋰
  • S26A
  • U+132F0
apron
𓋱
  • S26B
  • U+132F1
apron
𓋲
  • S27
  • U+132F2
cloth with two strands
𓋳
  • S28
  • U+132F3
cloth with fringe on top and folded cloth
𓋴
  • S29
  • U+132F4
folded cloth
  • s
Uniliteral for s; also used in spdt, triangle, Sirius, Sothis, Sothic cycle
𓋵
  • S30
  • U+132F5
combination of folded cloth and horned viper
𓋶
  • S31
  • U+132F6
combination of folded cloth and sickle
𓋷
  • S32
  • U+132F7
cloth with fringe on the side
𓋸
  • S33
  • U+132F8
sandal
𓋹
  • S34
  • U+132F9
life
ankh, possibly representing a sandal-strap
Tril. ꜥnḫ
Ideogram for "life", "live"
𓋺
  • S35
  • U+132FA
sunshade
𓋻
  • S35A
  • U+132FB
sunshade
𓋼
  • S36
  • U+132FC
sunshade
𓋽
  • S37
  • U+132FD
fan
𓋾
  • S38
  • U+132FE
crook
  • ḥq
1. 'to rule', 'chief', 'ruler', ḥq;
2. ḥq-scepter;
3. the pharaoh was called the Ruler of On, (Ruler of Heliopolis)
𓋿
  • S39
  • U+132FF
shepherd's crook Possibly ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Lamedh and its descendants
𓌀
  • S40
  • U+13300
wꜣssceptre
(uꜣs)
wꜣs
(uas)
tril., See Was scepter
𓌁
  • S41
  • U+13301
sceptre
𓌂
  • S42
  • U+13302
Sekhem
scepter
  • sḫm
Sekhem scepter; "power" is sḫm, (sḫm)
𓌃
  • S43
  • U+13303
walking stick
  • md
alone is mdw: speak, talk, word, speech, etc.
𓌄
  • S44
  • U+13304
walking stick with flagellum
𓌅
  • S45
  • U+13305
flagellum
𓌆
  • S46
  • U+13306
covering for head and neck
T Warfare, hunting, butchery
𓌇
  • T1
  • U+13307
mace with flat head
𓌈
  • T2
  • U+13308
mace with round head
𓌉
  • T3
  • U+13309
mace with round head
  • ḥḏ
Ideogram, and phonogram for mace, ḥḏ
Possibly ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Waw and its descendants
𓌊
  • T3A
  • U+1330A
combination of mace with round head and two hills
𓌋
  • T4
  • U+1330B
mace with strap
𓌌
  • T5
  • U+1330C
combination of mace with round head and cobra
𓌍
  • T6
  • U+1330D
combination of mace with round head and two cobras
𓌎
  • T7
  • U+1330E
axe
𓌏
  • T7A
  • U+1330F
axe
𓌐
  • T8
  • U+13310
dagger
  • tp
"top", or "first"
"first", "foremost"
Ideogram in tp, tpy; det. in mtpnt
𓌑
  • T8A
  • U+13311
dagger
𓌒
  • T9
  • U+13312
bow
  • pḏ
To stretch, to extend, to be wide
𓌓
  • T9A
  • U+13313
bow
  • pḏ
To stretch, to extend, to be wide
𓌔
  • T10
  • U+13314
composite bow
𓌕
  • T11
  • U+13315
arrow
𓌖
  • T11A
  • U+13316
two crossed arrows
𓌗
  • T12
  • U+13317
bowstring
  • rwḏ
1. Tril. rwḏ; Ideo. for "bowstring"
2. items that are "hard, durable, strong, rooted," thus "growth, growing"
3. (see Pharaoh Rudamun)
𓌘
  • T13
  • U+13318
joined pieces of wood
  • rs
phonogram, rs
𓌙
  • T14
  • U+13319
throw stick vertically Possibly ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Gimel and its descendants.
𓌚
  • T15
  • U+1331A
throw stick slanted
𓌛
  • T16
  • U+1331B
scimitar
𓌜
  • T16A
  • U+1331C
scimitar
𓌝
  • T17
  • U+1331D
chariot
  • wrrt
Ideogram or det. for chariot
𓌞
  • T18
  • U+1331E
crook with package attached šms Follower sign
𓌟
  • T19
  • U+1331F
harpoon head
  • gn
"memorial, record, archive, memorandum"; in plural: "annals"
𓌠
  • T20
  • U+13320
harpoon head
𓌡
  • T21
  • U+13321
harpoon
1. "single" items; "1", 'each', etc.; 2. Bil. wꜥ
𓌢
  • T22
  • U+13322
arrowhead
  • sn
Bil. sn; Ideo. for "arrow"
used for:
brother, husband
sister, wife
"smell"
touch, grasp
2, "second", 'the same'-(twin), two, both, etc.
𓌣
  • T23
  • U+13323
arrowhead
𓌤
  • T24
  • U+13324
fishingnet
  • iꜥḥ
See moon, (also iꜥh);
A. plough, break ground;
B. field laborer, peasant;
C. field;
D. det. in name of a god "I'h-ur"-(I'h-Great)
𓌥
  • T25
  • U+13325
float
  • ḏb
    ḏbꜣ
to supply, furnish with, equip, provide, & to decorate...(thus the "life preserver")
see also: seal, (to seal, ḏbꜥj-t)
𓌦
  • T26
  • U+13326
birdtrap
𓌧
  • T27
  • U+13327
trap
  • sḫt
1. trap, bird-trap, (the device); 2. Ideogram or det. in sḫt, Egyptian "trap" and related words
𓌨
  • T28
  • U+13328
butcher's block
  • ẖr
1. Bil. ẖr;
2. Ideas of items below, (butchered, segmented, then 'owned'); and major use of 'below', or 'under', as a prepositional use
𓌩
  • T29
  • U+13329
butcher's block with knife
𓌪
  • T30
  • U+1332A
knife
  • šꜥ
𓌫
  • T31
  • U+1332B
knife-sharpener phonogram for sšm
𓌬
  • T32
  • U+1332C
combination of knife-sharpener and legs
𓌭
  • T32A
  • U+1332D
combination of knife and folded cloth
𓌮
  • T33
  • U+1332E
knife-sharpener of butcher
𓌯
  • T33A
  • U+1332F
combination of knife-sharpener and folded cloth
𓌰
  • T34
  • U+13330
butcher's knife
  • nm
bil. nm
𓌱
  • T35
  • U+13331
butcher's knife
𓌲
  • T36
  • U+13332
shield
U Agriculture, crafts, and professions
𓌳
  • U1
  • U+13333
sickle
𓌴
  • U2
  • U+13334
sickle
𓌵
  • U3
  • U+13335
𓌶
  • U4
  • U+13336
𓌷
  • U5
  • U+13337
𓌸
  • U6
  • U+13338
phonogram for "mr"
𓌹
  • U6A
  • U+13339
𓌺
  • U6B
  • U+1333A
𓌻
  • U7
  • U+1333B
hoe
  • mr
1. bil. mr, for "beloved"
2. used in Pharaoh, individuals, other names, etc.: (Pharaoh XX, Beloved of God/Goddess YY)
𓌼
  • U8
  • U+1333C
𓌽
  • U9
  • U+1333D
𓌾
  • U10
  • U+1333E
grain measure (with plural, for grain particles)
  • dbḥ
𓌿
  • U11
  • U+1333F
𓍀
  • U12
  • U+13340
𓍁
  • U13
  • U+13341
𓍂
  • U14
  • U+13342
𓍃
  • U15
  • U+13343
sled
(sledge)
  • tm
Bil. tm
𓍄
  • U16
  • U+13344
sled with jackal head
  • bjꜣ
bjꜣ as in wonder or marvel, or Determinative for wnš, sledge.
𓍅
  • U17
  • U+13345
Pick, opening earth
  • grg
    gr
To have, hold, possess; (used in building new town-locations)
𓍆
  • U18
  • U+13346
𓍇
  • U19
  • U+13347
nw
𓍈
  • U20
  • U+13348
𓍉
  • U21
  • U+13349
adze-
on-block
  • stp
triliteral, stp, for "chosen"
often used in Pharaonic cartouche names as: "Chosen of God XXXX", (example: Beloved of Maat, Chosen of Maat)
𓍊
  • U22
  • U+1334A
clapper-(of-bell)
tool/instrument
forked-staff, etc.
  • mnḫ
1. Determinative for mnḫ, for "cut", "give shape to"
2. Ideogram in mnḫ, for "to be excellent"
3. The grandfather of Ptolemy V of the Rosetta Stone is Ptolemy III Euergetes-(the Canopus Stone), the "Well-doer Gods"-(pharaohs).[7] Their name is a composition block of two 'God' hieroglyphs-(husband & wife), (R8),
R8R8
, with a chisel at the base of each,
 
U22R8
 
U22R8
𓍋
  • U23
  • U+1334B
chisel
  • ꜣb
    mr
See: Narmer Palette
bil., ꜣb, mr; (see also for mr, Canal)
𓍌
  • U23A
  • U+1334C
𓍍
  • U24
  • U+1334D
hand
drill
(hieroglyph)
  • ḥmt
1. Ideogram in ḥmt, the name for the 'hand drill tool'; also hmt for words of "art", "artisan", etc.
2. Ideo. or det. for wbꜣ, to 'rise', to 'open'; see: Rise of a Star: wbn:
N8
𓍎
  • U25
  • U+1334E
𓍏
  • U26
  • U+1334F
𓍐
  • U27
  • U+13350
𓍑
  • U28
  • U+13351
fire-drill
1. bil. ḏꜣ; Ideogram for "forest"
Emphatically used with words as ḏꜥḏꜥ constructs
2. (see AUS-(article), and "Scale-2"-(on list)-wḏꜣ)
𓍒
  • U29
  • U+13352
𓍓
  • U29A
  • U+13353
𓍔
  • U30
  • U+13354
kiln
  • tꜣ
Bil. tꜣ; Ideogram for "potter's kiln"
(for tꜣ, see also Land, tꜣ)
𓍕
  • U31
  • U+13355
𓍖
  • U32
  • U+13356
Determinative for smn, establish, press down, support
𓍗
  • U32A
  • U+13357
𓍘
  • U33
  • U+13358
'pestle'-(curved top)
  • tj
Bil. tj
𓍙
  • U34
  • U+13359
𓍚
  • U35
  • U+1335A
  • ḫsf
𓍛
  • U36
  • U+1335B
fuller's-club
1. Egyptian biliteral sign ḥm, for a fuller's club;
2. Ideogram for ḥmw, 'washer', and ḥm, slave, servant; phonogram ḥm
𓍜
  • U37
  • U+1335C
𓍝
  • U38
  • U+1335D
scale
  • mḫꜣt
Ideogram and det. for mḫꜣt, "scale": see Stand (for Scales)
𓍞
  • U39
  • U+1335E
𓍟
  • U40
  • U+1335F
a support-(to lift) wṯs
wṯs
1. to lift up, support, etc.
2. see also: wṯs
𓍠
  • U41
  • U+13360
plummet
𓍡
  • U42
  • U+13361
pitchfork
V Rope, fibre, baskets, bags, etc.
𓍢
  • V1
  • U+13362
"string, rope", Egyptian numeral 100
𓍣
  • V1A
  • U+13363
Egyptian numeral 200
𓍤
  • V1B
  • U+13364
Egyptian numeral 300
𓍥
  • V1C
  • U+13365
Egyptian numeral 400
𓍦
  • V1D
  • U+13366
Egyptian numeral 500
𓍧
  • V1E
  • U+13367
Egyptian numeral 600
𓍨
  • V1F
  • U+13368
Egyptian numeral 700
𓍩
  • V1G
  • U+13369
Egyptian numeral 800
𓍪
  • V1H
  • U+1336A
Egyptian numeral 900
𓍫
  • V1I
  • U+1336B
Egyptian numeral 500
𓍬
  • V2
  • U+1336C
𓍭
  • V2A
  • U+1336D
𓍮
  • V3
  • U+1336E
𓍯
  • V4
  • U+1336F
lasso
Lasso, for "cord", (possibly earlier, a word related to "lasso")
𓍰
  • V5
  • U+13370
𓍱
  • V6
  • U+13371
rope-(shape)
Egyptian biliteral sign šs
𓍲
  • V7
  • U+13372
rope-(shape)
Egyptian biliteral sign šn
𓍳
  • V7A
  • U+13373
𓍴
  • V7B
  • U+13374
𓍵
  • V8
  • U+13375
𓍶
  • V9
  • U+13376
shen
ring
šn Determinative in šnw, the cartouche
𓍷
  • V10
  • U+13377
cartouche
  • šn
    rn
Special uses, (often with inserted name)
šn-(shen), "circle", "encircle", or a 'ring'; later time period usage for "name", rn
𓍸
  • V11
  • U+13378
cartouche-(divided)
  • dn
Ideas of to divide, to exclude, words related to Egyptian language tn, etc.
𓍹
  • V11A
  • U+13379
𓍺
  • V11B
  • U+1337A
𓍻
  • V11C
  • U+1337B
𓍼
  • V12
  • U+1337C
𓍽
  • V12A
  • U+1337D
𓍾
  • V12B
  • U+1337E
𓍿
  • V13
  • U+1337F
tethering rope Uniliteral (also written č)
𓎀
  • V14
  • U+13380
𓎁
  • V15
  • U+13381
tethering rope w/ walking legs
  • jṯj
to take possession of, seize, carry off, conquer, acquire
𓎂
  • V16
  • U+13382
cattle
hobble
(bil.)
  • sꜣ
bil. sꜣ; equivalent of Gardiner V17, also sꜣ,
V17

(see also: tethering rope)
𓎃
  • V17
  • U+13383
lifesaver
bil. sꜣ; equivalent of Gardiner V16, also sꜣ,
V16

(see also: tethering rope)
𓎄
  • V18
  • U+13384
𓎅
  • V19
  • U+13385
𓎆
  • V20
  • U+13386
"cattle hobble"
  • mḏw
    (also mḏ)
Egyptian numeral 10
𓎇
  • V20A
  • U+13387
Egyptian numeral 20
𓎈
  • V20B
  • U+13388
Egyptian numeral 30
𓎉
  • V20C
  • U+13389
Egyptian numeral 40
𓎊
  • V20D
  • U+1338A
Egyptian numeral 50
𓎋
  • V20E
  • U+1338B
Egyptian numeral 60
𓎌
  • V20F
  • U+1338C
Egyptian numeral 70
𓎍
  • V20G
  • U+1338D
Egyptian numeral 80
𓎎
  • V20H
  • U+1338E
Egyptian numeral 90
𓎏
  • V20I
  • U+1338F
Egyptian numeral 20
𓎐
  • V20J
  • U+13390
Egyptian numeral 30
𓎑
  • V20K
  • U+13391
Egyptian numeral 40
𓎒
  • V20L
  • U+13392
Egyptian numeral 50
𓎓
  • V21
  • U+13393
Fetter + Cobra
  • mḏ, mḏwt
Deep place, deep, pit, cavern-extending, subterranean shrine, etc.
𓎔
  • V22
  • U+13394
whip
  • mḥ
Bil. mh, (mḥ); (See: similar shaped hieroglyph F30, water-skin)
𓎕
  • V23
  • U+13395
𓎖
  • V23A
  • U+13396
𓎗
  • V24
  • U+13397
𓎘
  • V25
  • U+13398
"command staff"
to give an order, to command, to decree; (bil.
𓎙
  • V26
  • U+13399
𓎚
  • V27
  • U+1339A
𓎛
  • V28
  • U+1339B
a twisted wick
Uniliteral ; eternity, or a long time period, (also variations of time periods, with tweaks of the seated man holding renpet-constructs)
God Huh?
Possibly ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Heth and its descendants
𓎜
  • V28A
  • U+1339C
𓎝
  • V29
  • U+1339D
(fiber)
swab
(straw broom)
1. Biliteral sq; "to clean", "dust";
2. Triliteral wꜣḥ
𓎞
  • V29A
  • U+1339E
𓎟
  • V30
  • U+1339F
basket
(hieroglyph)
Egyptian for "everything", every; major use: "Lord", (or feminine, Lady)
Bil. nb
Ideogram for basket: master, lord
𓎠
  • V30A
  • U+133A0
𓎡
  • V31
  • U+133A1
basket-
with-handle
(hieroglyph)
Unil. k
𓎢
  • V31A
  • U+133A2
𓎣
  • V32
  • U+133A3
𓎤
  • V33
  • U+133A4
𓎥
  • V33A
  • U+133A5
𓎦
  • V34
  • U+133A6
𓎧
  • V35
  • U+133A7
𓎨
  • V36
  • U+133A8
doubled container
(or-added-glyphs)
many spellings
  • ḥnty
Period of 120 years; in translation: "for..'henti years'"; from,
V28M2
N35
V36X1
N36
ḥn-t, border, boundary, end, limit, frontier, etc.
𓎩
  • V37
  • U+133A9
𓎪
  • V37A
  • U+133AA
𓎫
  • V38
  • U+133AB
𓎬
  • V39
  • U+133AC
?stylized ankh
(for Isis)(?)
Tyet, Knot of Isis, Girdle of Isis
𓎭
  • V40
  • U+133AD
𓎮
  • V40A
  • U+133AE
W Vessels of stone and earthenware
𓎯
  • W1
  • U+133AF
Oil jar
  • Ointment (mrḥt), oil
𓎰
  • W2
  • U+133B0
Oil-jar without ties
  • Bas-container (bꜣs)
bꜣs
𓎱
  • W3
  • U+133B1
alabaster
basin
  • alabaster (šs), festival (ḥꜣb)

festival
(Equivalent to Gardiner W4, Jubilee Pavilion (hieroglyph))
det. in , 'alabaster', or "precious stone"; det. in hb

abbreviation for ḥbt in "ritual book" ḥrj-ḥbt

𓎲
  • W3A
  • U+133B2
alabaster
basin
𓎳
  • W4
  • U+133B3
festival chamber, (the tail is also vertical 'Great': ꜥꜣ)
  • festival (ḥb)
Sṯ Sed festival
𓎴
  • W5
  • U+133B4
Abbreviation for Lector Priest
𓎵
  • W6
  • U+133B5
Metal vessel
  • boiler (wḥꜣt)
𓎶
  • W7
  • U+133B6
Granite Bowl
  • red granite (mꜣṯ)
mꜣṯ
𓎷
  • W8
  • U+133B7
Granite Bowl
  • red granite (mꜣṯ)
𓎸
  • W9
  • U+133B8
stone jug
  • Nechnem-oil (nḥnm)
ḥnm
𓎹
  • W9A
  • U+133B9
𓎺
  • W10
  • U+133BA
cup
  • determinative for goblet (jꜥb)
wsḫ, sẖw A. Determinative for the "vessel", Egyptian language, jꜥb-(no. 5 of 6); det. for jꜥb (1 & 2), 1: to approach, to come towards, to meet; 2: "to present a gift", to make an offering, 'an offering';
B. jꜥ, jꜥj, bathing; jꜥw, food, morning meal; jꜥb-(no. 3 of 6), uses Gardiner F16,
F16
as det. for "to comb"; the other use of 'to comb', is for 'to card wool' and also uses the Horn hieroglyph, but is the equivalent word: b'-(no. 2, of 3); (no. 1 is a vessel, bowl, but made of "copper", etc.)
𓎻
  • W10A
  • U+133BB
Pot bꜣ (rarely)
𓎼
  • W11
  • U+133BC
Jar stand
  • seat (nst)
g
𓎽
  • W12
  • U+133BD
Jar stand
  • seat (nst)
g
𓎾
  • W13
  • U+133BE
pot
  • Heset-pitcher, Senbet-pitcher (snbt) or similar containers
𓎿
  • W14
  • U+133BF
water jar
  • side area (jmw), side (gs)
m, m, gs Bil. ḥs
𓏀
  • W14A
  • U+133C0
water jar with water
𓏁
  • W15
  • U+133C1
water jar with rack
  • clean (qbḥ) (only Ideogram)
𓏂
  • W16
  • U+133C2
water jar with rack
  • Libation (qbḥ), (qbb)
𓏃
  • W17
  • U+133C3
water jar with rack
  • water pitchers in the stand (ḫntw), first ḫnt (j)
ḫnt
𓏄
  • W17A
  • U+133C4
𓏅
  • W18
  • U+133C5
water jar with rack
  • water pitchers in the stand (ḫntw), first ḫnt (j)
ḫnt
𓏆
  • W18A
  • U+133C6
𓏇
  • W19
  • U+133C7
Milk jug with handle
  • mj
1. like, as, according to, inasmuch as, since, as well as, together with; all adverbial forms, some as a segue;
2. early forms use other hieroglyphs;
3. Egyptian: mjtj and mjtt relate to "image" or "likeness": likeness, copy, resemblance, statue, image, similitude, the like etc.
𓏈
  • W20
  • U+133C8
Milk jug with cover
  • milk (jrṯt), milk container and contents
𓏉
  • W21
  • U+133C9
Wine jars
  • wine (jrp)
Determinative in jrp, "wine"
𓏊
  • W22
  • U+133CA
Beer jug
  • beer (ḥnqt), containers and its contents, tribute (jnw), victim, attendant (wdpw)
𓏋
  • W23
  • U+133CB
Beer jug
  • ontainer (qrḥt), containers and their contents
𓏌
  • W24
  • U+133CC
Pot
  • nw, jn * (accompanies the signs Aa-27 and Aa-28) get (jnj)
nw
qd
(bil.)-nw
Phoneme for nw; det. for qd, construct, mold; (see: ḥnk, Arm-with-nu-pot)
𓏍
  • W24A
  • U+133CD
three pots
𓏎
  • W25
  • U+133CE
Pot with legs
  • jnj
fetch (jnj)
X Loaves and cakes
𓏏
  • X1
  • U+133CF
loaf of bread
  • t
Uniliteral for "t"
𓏐
  • X2
  • U+133D0
𓏑
  • X3
  • U+133D1
𓏒
  • X4
  • U+133D2
1. Determinative for 'cake' or 'reward', fḳꜣ
𓏓
  • X4A
  • U+133D3
𓏔
  • X4B
  • U+133D4
𓏕
  • X5
  • U+133D5
𓏖
  • X6
  • U+133D6
loaf-with-decoration
1. Determinative for the 'decorated bread loaf', pꜣt; phoneme for pꜣ; meanings of: stuff, matter, substance; for 'bread': dough, cake, bread, offering, food, product;
2. for the "primordial god(s)": "Pauti",
G40X6
X6
(or) X6
X1 Z4
R8R8R8R8R8R8

(many spelling versions)
𓏗
  • X6A
  • U+133D7
𓏘
  • X7
  • U+133D8
𓏙
  • X8
  • U+133D9
cone-
shaped
bread
  • ḏj
Ideogram for ḏi, rḏj, give, given, to give; (an equivalent to arm offering conical "loaf"), Gardiner D37,
D37

In iconography and reliefs, used for pharaonic statements: "Given, Life, Power...Forever"-(the vertical form of 'to give')
𓏚
  • X8A
  • U+133DA
Y Writings, games, music
𓏛
  • Y1
  • U+133DB
papyrus
roll
  • papyrus scroll, book (mḏꜣt)
mḏꜣ-t
mḏꜣt
Determinative for terms connected with writing, or 'abstract' concepts
𓏜
  • Y1A
  • U+133DC
(as above, but vertical)
𓏝
  • Y2
  • U+133DD
  • papyrus scroll, book (mḏꜣt)
Old Kingdom variation of Y1
𓏞
  • Y3
  • U+133DE
Scribe's equipment
  • to write; writing; to become finely ground
zẖꜣ; nꜥꜥ
𓏟
  • Y4
  • U+133DF
Scribe's equipment
  • (as above)
Rarer alternative of Y3
𓏠
  • Y5
  • U+133E0
Senet board mn Extensive dictionary entries beginning at "Mn"-(or men), since the definitions center around permanence, enduring, etc. A common Pharaonic epithet was: Mn-Kheper-Ra, but many names using "mn" as a name component
𓏡
  • Y6
  • U+133E1
game piece
  • game figure (jbꜣ) abbreviation for dancer (jbꜣ)
jbꜣ 1. Ideogram or det. in ibꜣ, "pawn", draughtsman; phoneme for ibꜣ; 2. Det. for ibꜣu, ibꜣ, dance [of the gods]; also dancer, dancing man, etc.
𓏢
  • Y7
  • U+133E2
harp
  • harp
bjnt Determinative in bjnt, "arched harp"; (see article Medamud for relief usage)
𓏣
  • Y8
  • U+133E3
Sistrum
sš, sššt
(also sḫm)
A. Ideo. for "sistrum", sššt, (or sḫm(=sistrum)); det. in sššt;
B. sḫm is Egyptian for 'power', (confer with Sekhem scepter-(list sḫm) and Medamud-(article))
Z Strokes, signs derived from Hieratic, geometrical features
𓏤
  • Z1
  • U+133E4
Single stroke
Indicates that the prior sign is an Ideogram as if it no feminine ending, can stand as an abundance stroke at empty places
𓏥
  • Z2
  • U+133E5
Plural stroke (horizontal) Plural, majority, collective concept (e.g. meat, jwf)
𓏦
  • Z2A
  • U+133E6
Can be used as a replacement for signs perceived to be dangerous to actually write
𓏧
  • Z2B
  • U+133E7
𓏨
  • Z2C
  • U+133E8
𓏩
  • Z2D
  • U+133E9
𓏪
  • Z3
  • U+133EA
plural strokes (vertical) Can be used as a replacement for signs perceived to be dangerous to actually write
𓏫
  • Z3A
  • U+133EB
𓏬
  • Z3B
  • U+133EC
𓏭
  • Z4
  • U+133ED
Dual stroke
  • Egyptian numeral 2, plural, majority, collective concept (e.g. meat, jwf), duality
for j (y) (only if ending sounds like a dual ending) Can be used as a replacement for signs perceived to be dangerous to actually write
𓏮
  • Z4A
  • U+133EE
Egyptian numeral 2
𓏯
  • Z5
  • U+133EF
Diagonal stroke (from hieratic) Can be used as a replacement for signs perceived to be dangerous to actually write
𓏰
  • Z5A
  • U+133F0
𓏱
  • Z6
  • U+133F1
Substitute for various human figures
  • for death, die (mwt)
𓏲
  • Z7
  • U+133F2
coil
(hieratic equivalent)
w (or u) unil., equivalent of unil. w, the quail chick,
G43
; Both chick and coil are used for plural, the w, (or u)
(see also: Plural)
𓏳
  • Z8
  • U+133F3
Oval
  • round (šnw)
𓏴
  • Z9
  • U+133F4
Crossed diagonal sticks
  • destroy (ḥḏj), break, divide (wpj), over load (ḏꜣj), cross, meet
swꜣ, sḏ, ḫbs, šbn, wp, wr Possibly ancestral to Proto-Sinaitic Taw and its descendants
𓏵
  • Z10
  • U+133F5
Crossed diagonal sticks
  • destroy (ḥḏj), break, divide (wpj), over load (ḏꜣj), cross, meet
swꜣ, sḏ, ḫbs, šbn, wp, wr Determinative for "break, divide" (wpj), "over load" (ḏꜣj), "cross, meet"
𓏶
  • Z11
  • U+133F6
two planks crossed and joined imi
𓏷
  • Z12
  • U+133F7
𓏸
  • Z13
  • U+133F8
𓏹
  • Z14
  • U+133F9
𓏺
  • Z15
  • U+133FA
Egyptian numeral 1
𓏻
  • Z15A
  • U+133FB
Egyptian numeral 2
𓏼
  • Z15B
  • U+133FC
Egyptian numeral 3
𓏽
  • Z15C
  • U+133FD
Egyptian numeral 4
𓏾
  • Z15D
  • U+133FE
Egyptian numeral 5
𓏿
  • Z15E
  • U+133FF
Egyptian numeral 6
𓐀
  • Z15F
  • U+13400
Egyptian numeral 7
𓐁
  • Z15G
  • U+13401
Egyptian numeral 8
𓐂
  • Z15H
  • U+13402
Egyptian numeral 9
𓐃
  • Z15I
  • U+13403
Egyptian numeral 5
𓐄
  • Z16
  • U+13404
Numeral 1 in dates
𓐅
  • Z16A
  • U+13405
Numeral 2 in dates
𓐆
  • Z16B
  • U+13406
Numeral 3 in dates
𓐇
  • Z16C
  • U+13407
Numeral 4 in dates
𓐈
  • Z16D
  • U+13408
Numeral 5 in dates
𓐉
  • Z16E
  • U+13409
Numeral 6 in dates
𓐊
  • Z16F
  • U+1340A
Numeral 7 in dates
𓐋
  • Z16G
  • U+1340B
Numeral 8 in dates
𓐌
  • Z16H
  • U+1340C
Numeral 9 in dates
Aa Unclassified signs
𓐍
  • Aa1
  • U+1340D
Placenta or sieve
𓐎
  • Aa2
  • U+1340E
Pustule
  • bodily growths or conditions, disease
𓐏
  • Aa3
  • U+1340F
Pustule with liquid issuing from it
  • medical or anatomical condition, specifically soft matter or liquid
Rare alternative for AA2
𓐐
  • Aa4
  • U+13410
bꜣ (rarely) See § W10
𓐑
  • Aa5
  • U+13411
Part of steering gear of a ship
  • hasten (ḥjp), hepet-device (ḥpt)
ḥp (rarely)
𓐒
  • Aa6
  • U+13412
  • mat (ṯmꜣ)
tmꜣ, ṯmꜣ
𓐓
  • Aa7
  • U+13413
A Smiting-Blade
  • spr
Abbreviation for "smite" (spr)
𓐔
  • Aa7A
  • U+13414
𓐕
  • Aa7B
  • U+13415
𓐖
  • Aa8
  • U+13416
Irrigation tunnels
  • estate (ḏꜣtt)
qn, ḏꜣt, ḏꜣḏꜣt
𓐗
  • Aa9
  • U+13417
  • rich (ḫwd)
𓐘
  • Aa10
  • U+13418
  • drf
𓐙
  • Aa11
  • U+13419
  • Raised platform (ṯntt), platform abbreviation for mꜣꜥ in (mꜣꜥ-ḫrw)
mꜣꜥ and mꜣꜥ in mꜣꜥ-ḫrw
𓐚
  • Aa12
  • U+1341A
  • Raised platform (ṯntt), platform abbreviation for mꜣꜥ in (mꜣꜥ-ḫrw)
mꜣꜥ
𓐛
  • Aa13
  • U+1341B
  • side area (jmw), side (gs)
m, m, gs
𓐜
  • Aa14
  • U+1341C
  • side area (jmw), side (gs)
m, m, gs
𓐝
  • Aa15
  • U+1341D
jm, m, gs
𓐞
  • Aa16
  • U+1341E
  • side (gs)
gs
𓐟
  • Aa17
  • U+1341F
  • back (sꜣ)
sꜣ
𓐠
  • Aa18
  • U+13420
  • back (sꜣ)
sꜣ
𓐡
  • Aa19
  • U+13421
ḥr
𓐢
  • Aa20
  • U+13422
ꜥpr
𓐣
  • Aa21
  • U+13423
  • divide (wḏꜥ)
Abbreviation for Seth
𓐤
  • Aa22
  • U+13424
  • divide (wḏꜥ)
Abbreviation for Seth
𓐥
  • Aa23
  • U+13425
Often instead of U35
𓐦
  • Aa24
  • U+13426
Often instead of U35
𓐧
  • Aa25
  • U+13427
  • garment priest (smꜣ)
𓐨
  • Aa26
  • U+13428
sbj
𓐩
  • Aa27
  • U+13429
nḏ
𓐪
  • Aa28
  • U+1342A
qd
𓐫
  • Aa29
  • U+1342B
𓐬
  • Aa30
  • U+1342C
𓐭
  • Aa31
  • U+1342D
𓐮
  • Aa32
  • U+1342E

See also

References

  1. Michael Everson, Preliminary proposal to encode Möller's Egyptian Hieroglyphs in the SMP of the UCS, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N4741 L2/16-250 (2016).
  2. "Time Trips".
  3. Michael Everson, Preliminary proposal to encode Möller’s Egyptian Hieroglyphs in the SMP of the UCS, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N4741 L2/16-250 (2016).
  4. "12 Egyptian Hieroglyphs of People and Their Body Parts". TheCollector. 14 January 2020.
  5. Parpola, 1997l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Parpola, Simo, Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, c 1997, Tablet I thru Tablet XII, Index of Names, Sign List, and Glossary-(pp. 119–145), pp. 165.
  6. Budge, 1989, (1929), The Rosetta Stone, p. 288-289.
  7. Budge, 1989, (1929). The Rosetta Stone, p. 126.
  • Budge, Sir E.A.Wallis, An Egyptian Hieroglyphic Dictionary, in Two Volumes, Sir E.A.Wallis Budge, (Dover Publications, Inc. New York), c 1920, Dover Edition, c 1978. (Large categorized listings of Hieroglyphs, Vol 1, pp. xcvii–cxlvii (97–147) (25 categories, 1000+ hieroglyphs), 50 pgs.)
  • Faulkner, William (1991). Middle Egyptian. Griffith. ISBN 0-900416-32-7.:
  • A.H. Gardiner, Catalogue of the Egyptian hieroglyphic printing type, from matrices owned and controlled by Dr. Alan (1928).
  • A.H. Gardiner, "Additions to the new hieroglyphic fount (1928)", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 15 (1929), p. 95.
  • A.H. Gardiner, "Additions to the new hieroglyphic fount (1931)", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 17 (1931), pp. 245–247.
  • A.H. Gardiner, Supplement to the catalogue of the Egyptian hieroglyphic printing type, showing acquisitions to December 1953 (1953).
  • A.H. Gardiner, Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs. 3rd Ed., pub. Griffith Institute, Oxford, 1957 (1st edition 1927), pp. 438–548 (pdf).
  • Möller, Georg. 1909. Hieratische Paläographie: die aegyptische Buchschrift in ihrer Entwicklung von der Fünften Dynastie bis zur römischen Kaiserzeit. Erster Band: Bis zum Beginn der achtzehnten Dynastie
  • Möller, Georg. 1927. Hieratische Paläographie: die aegyptische Buchschrift in ihrer Entwicklung von der Fünften Dynastie bis zur römischen Kaiserzeit. Zweiter Band: Von der Zeit Thutmosis' III bis zum Ende der einundzwanzigsten Dynastie,
  • Möller, Georg. 1936. Hieratische Paläographie: die aegyptische Buchschrift in ihrer Entwicklung von der Fünften Dynastie bis zur römischen Kaiserzeit. Dritter Band: Von der zweiundzwanzigsten Dynastie bis zum dritten Jahrhundert nach Chr.
  • Möller, Georg. 1936. Hieratische Paläographie: die aegyptische Buchschrift in ihrer Entwicklung von der Fünften Dynastie bis zur römischen Kaiserzeit. Vierter *Band: Ergänzungsheft zu Band I und II
  • Wilkinson, Richard, Reading Egyptian Art, A Hieroglyphic Guide to Ancient Egyptian Painting and Sculpture, Richard H. Wilkinson, with 450 Illustrations, (Thames & Hudson Ltd, London), c 1992.
  • Rainer Hannig: Großes Handwörterbuch Ägyptisch-Deutsch. (2800 – 950 v. Chr.) Marburger Edition. 4th rev. ed. von Zabern, Mainz 2006, ISBN 3-8053-1771-9, (= Hannig-Lexica. vol. 1); (= Kulturgeschichte der Antiken Welt. vol. 64, ISSN 0937-9746),contains the Gardiner list plus an extended sign list.
  • Rainer Hannig, Petra Vomberg: Wortschatz der Pharaonen in Sachgruppen. Hannig Lexica vol. 2, 2nd ed, von Zabern, Mainz 2012, ISBN 978-3-8053-4473-9.
  • Friedrich Junge: Einführung in die Grammatik des Neuägyptischen 3rd rev. ed. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2008, ISBN 978-3-447-05718-9, information on transcription and transliteration and peculiarities of New Kingdom orthographies.
  • Christian Leitz: Die Tempelinschriften der griechisch-römischen Zeit. 3rd rev ed. Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-8258-7340-0, (= Quellentexte zur ägyptischen Religion 1), (= Einführungen und Quellentexte zur Ägyptologie 2), references older inventories of Ptolemaic era hieroglyphics.
  • Michael Everson and Bob Richmond, Towards a Proposal to encode Egyptian Hieroglyphs in Unicode (2006)
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