Toghon (son of Kublai)

Toghon (Mongolian: Тогоон, Chinese: 脫歡, Vietnamese: Thoát Hoan, died 1301), also Toghan, Togon or Tūqān (Persian: توقان), was the ninth son of Kublai Khan, founder of the Yuan dynasty.

He was granted the title Prince of Zhennan (鎮南王, Mongolian: Жэнь Нань ван, Vietnamese: Trấn Nam vương "Prince of Suppressing the South") and moved his household to Ezhou in 1284. [1]

In the next year, he was dispatched to conquer Champa. He demanded from Đại Việt (now modern Vietnam) a route to Champa, which would trap the Champan army from both north and south, but it was rejected by retired emperor Trần Thánh Tông, whom was the de facto ruler of Đại Việt. As a result, Toghon decided to attack Đại Việt. At first he won several victories and captured Thăng Long, the capital of Đại Việt. Trần Thánh Tông had to offer princess An Tư to him to slow down the pace of the Mongol army. Later he was defeated by Trần Hưng Đạo and fled back to Huguang province.[2]

In 1287, he invaded Vietnam again, but, the Mongol Navy was overwhelmed by Trần dynasty in Bạch Đằng river, and he retreated. This ashamed his father who no longer wished to see him again. He moved to Yangzhou in 1291, where he died 10 years later.[1]