Tohoku Medical Megabank Project

The Tohoku Medical Megabank Project is a national project in Japan.[1] The mission of the Tohoku Medical Megabank (TMM) project is to carry out a long-term health survey in the Miyagi and Iwate prefectures, which were affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake, and provide the research infrastructure for the development of personalized medicine by establishing a biobank and conducting cohort studies.[2][3] It started in 2012.

Tohoku Medical Megabank Project
Building of ToMMo at Tohoku Univ.
Commercial?No
Type of projectProspective cohort study
LocationSendai, Miyagi, JAPAN (ToMMo) and Shiwa-gun, Iwate, JAPAN (IMM)
Key peopleMasayuki Yamamoto (Executive Director, ToMMo) Makoto Sasaki (Executive Director, IMM)
Established2012

The TMM project is conducted by Tohoku University's Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo) and Iwate Medical University's Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (IMM).

Projects

The following cohort studies and research projects are in progress or completed.

Prospective cohort studies
  • Community-based cohort (General population).[1]
  • Birth and Three-generation cohort.[1]
  • Biobanking and database.[2][4]
  • Return of results to participants (including genomic information).[5]

Research projects
  • Whole genome sequencing with short read and long read technologies.[6]
  • SNP array Genotyping with Japonica array.[6]
  • Construction of Japanese human genome reference.[7]
  • Plasma metabolome analysis with NMR and Mass spectrometry.[8]
  • Proteome analysis.[8]
  • Transcriptome analysis.[9]
  • Epigenome analysis.[9]
  • Oral Microbiome analysis.[10]

Timeline

2013

  • Recruitment of TMM Community-Based Cohort starts.[1]
  • Recruitment of TMM Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study starts.[1]

2014

  • Japanese genome reference panel (1KJPN), which shows variant allele frequency based on whole genome sequencing of 1,070 cohort participants, is released (draft version 2014, official version 2015).[11]
  • Japonica array, a SNP array optimized for Japanese population by taking advantage of 1KJPN haplotype information, is released.[12]

2015

  • A portal site of Japanese Multi Omics Reference Panel (jMorp), providing metabolome and proteome data from the cohort participants, is opened. As of 2022, jMorp covers metabolome, proteome, transcriptome, methylome, as well as genome reference panel.[13]

2016

  • Recruitment of TMM Community-Based Cohort is finished with over 80,000 participants.[1]

2017

  • Recruitment of TMM Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study is finished with over 70,000 participants.[1]
  • The second followup survey starts.

2018

  • Japanese genome reference panel (3.5KJPNv2), which shows variant allele frequency based on whole genome sequencing of 3,554 cohort participants, is released (published in 2019).[14]

2019

  • Japanese reference genome (JG1) is released (published in 2021).[7]
  • Distribution of 67,000 TMM Community-Based Cohort samples data starts.
  • Japanese genome reference panel (4.7KJPN) is released.
  • Japonica array NEO, a SNP array optimized for Japanese population by taking advantage of 3.5KJPN haplotype information, is released (published in 2021).[15]

2020

  • Distribution of 54,000 SNP array data starts.
  • Distribution of TMM Birth and Three-Generation Cohort samples data starts.
  • Japanese genome reference panel (8.3KJPN) is released.
  • Japanese reference genome (JG2) is released.

2021

  • The third followup survey starts.
  • Japanese genome reference panel (14KJPN) is released.[16]
  • JSV1, a structural variation panel, which is constructed with long-read sequencing data, is released.[17]

2022

  • Whole genome sequencing of 50,000 cohort participants was finished.[18]
  • Japanese genome reference panel (38KJPN) is released.

2023

  • Whole genome sequencing of 69,000 cohort participants was finished.[19]
  • Japanese genome reference panel (54KJPN) is released. Data is available through the portal site, jMorp.

References
  1. Kuriyama, Shinichi; Yaegashi, Nobuo; Nagami, Fuji; Arai, Tomohiko; Kawaguchi, Yoshio; Osumi, Noriko; Sakaida, Masaki; Suzuki, Yoichi; Nakayama, Keiko; Hashizume, Hiroaki; Tamiya, Gen (2016). "The Tohoku Medical Megabank Project: Design and Mission". Journal of Epidemiology. 26 (9): 493–511. doi:10.2188/jea.JE20150268. PMC 5008970. PMID 27374138.
  2. Minegishi, Naoko; Nishijima, Ichiko; Nobukuni, Takahiro; Kudo, Hisaaki; Ishida, Noriko; Terakawa, Takahiro; Kumada, Kazuki; Yamashita, Riu; Katsuoka, Fumiki; Ogishima, Soichi; Suzuki, Kichiya (2019). "Biobank Establishment and Sample Management in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project". The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine. 248 (1): 45–55. doi:10.1620/tjem.248.45. PMID 31130587. S2CID 167210746.
  3. Kuriyama, Shinichi; Metoki, Hirohito; Kikuya, Masahiro; Obara, Taku; Ishikuro, Mami; Yamanaka, Chizuru; Nagai, Masato; Matsubara, Hiroko; Kobayashi, Tomoko; Sugawara, Junichi; Tamiya, Gen (2020-02-01). "Cohort Profile: Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study (TMM BirThree Cohort Study): rationale, progress and perspective". International Journal of Epidemiology. 49 (1): 18–19m. doi:10.1093/ije/dyz169. ISSN 0300-5771. PMC 7124511. PMID 31504573.
  4. Ogishima, Soichi; Nagaie, Satoshi; Mizuno, Satoshi; Ishiwata, Ryosuke; Iida, Keita; Shimokawa, Kazuro; Takai-Igarashi, Takako; Nakamura, Naoki; Nagase, Sachiko; Nakamura, Tomohiro; Tsuchiya, Naho (2021-12-10). "dbTMM: an integrated database of large-scale cohort, genome and clinical data for the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project". Human Genome Variation. 8 (1): 44. doi:10.1038/s41439-021-00175-5. ISSN 2054-345X. PMC 8660797. PMID 34887386.
  5. Kawame, Hiroshi; Fukushima, Akimune; Fuse, Nobuo; Nagami, Fuji; Suzuki, Yoichi; Sakurai-Yageta, Mika; Yasuda, Jun; Yamaguchi-Kabata, Yumi; Kinoshita, Kengo; Ogishima, Soichi; Takai, Takako (January 2022). "The return of individual genomic results to research participants: design and pilot study of Tohoku Medical Megabank Project". Journal of Human Genetics. 67 (1): 9–17. doi:10.1038/s10038-021-00952-8. ISSN 1435-232X. PMID 34234266. S2CID 235768398.
  6. Yasuda, Jun; Kinoshita, Kengo; Katsuoka, Fumiki; Danjoh, Inaho; Sakurai-Yageta, Mika; Motoike, Ikuko N.; Kuroki, Yoko; Saito, Sakae; Kojima, Kaname; Shirota, Matsuyuki; Saigusa, Daisuke (2019-02-01). "Genome analyses for the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project towards establishment of personalized healthcare". Journal of Biochemistry. 165 (2): 139–158. doi:10.1093/jb/mvy096. ISSN 1756-2651. PMID 30452759.
  7. Takayama, Jun; Tadaka, Shu; Yano, Kenji; Katsuoka, Fumiki; Gocho, Chinatsu; Funayama, Takamitsu; Makino, Satoshi; Okamura, Yasunobu; Kikuchi, Atsuo; Sugimoto, Sachiyo; Kawashima, Junko (2021-01-11). "Construction and integration of three de novo Japanese human genome assemblies toward a population-specific reference". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 226. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12..226T. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20146-8. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7801658. PMID 33431880.
  8. Koshiba, Seizo; Motoike, Ikuko; Saigusa, Daisuke; Inoue, Jin; Shirota, Matsuyuki; Katoh, Yasutake; Katsuoka, Fumiki; Danjoh, Inaho; Hozawa, Atsushi; Kuriyama, Shinichi; Minegishi, Naoko (June 2018). "Omics research project on prospective cohort studies from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project". Genes to Cells: Devoted to Molecular & Cellular Mechanisms. 23 (6): 406–417. doi:10.1111/gtc.12588. ISSN 1365-2443. PMID 29701317. S2CID 21700516.
  9. Furukawa, Ryohei; Hachiya, Tsuyoshi; Ohmomo, Hideki; Shiwa, Yuh; Ono, Kanako; Suzuki, Sadafumi; Satoh, Mamoru; Hitomi, Jiro; Sobue, Kenji; Shimizu, Atsushi (2016-05-19). "Intraindividual dynamics of transcriptome and genome-wide stability of DNA methylation". Scientific Reports. 6: 26424. Bibcode:2016NatSR...626424F. doi:10.1038/srep26424. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4872231. PMID 27192970.
  10. Saito, Sakae; Aoki, Yuichi; Tamahara, Toru; Goto, Maki; Matsui, Hiroyuki; Kawashima, Junko; Danjoh, Inaho; Hozawa, Atsushi; Kuriyama, Shinichi; Suzuki, Yoichi; Fuse, Nobuo (2020). "Oral Microbiome Analysis in Prospective Genome Cohort Studies of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project". Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 10: 604596. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.604596. ISSN 2235-2988. PMC 7878372. PMID 33585276.
  11. Nagasaki, Masao; Yasuda, Jun; Katsuoka, Fumiki; Nariai, Naoki; Kojima, Kaname; Kawai, Yosuke; Yamaguchi-Kabata, Yumi; Yokozawa, Junji; Danjoh, Inaho; Saito, Sakae; Sato, Yukuto (2015-08-21). "Rare variant discovery by deep whole-genome sequencing of 1,070 Japanese individuals". Nature Communications. 6: 8018. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.8018.. doi:10.1038/ncomms9018. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 4560751. PMID 26292667.
  12. Kawai, Yosuke; Mimori, Takahiro; Kojima, Kaname; Nariai, Naoki; Danjoh, Inaho; Saito, Rumiko; Yasuda, Jun; Yamamoto, Masayuki; Nagasaki, Masao (October 2015). "Japonica array: improved genotype imputation by designing a population-specific SNP array with 1070 Japanese individuals". Journal of Human Genetics. 60 (10): 581–587. doi:10.1038/jhg.2015.68. ISSN 1434-5161. PMC 4635170. PMID 26108142.
  13. Tadaka, Shu; Saigusa, Daisuke; Motoike, Ikuko N.; Inoue, Jin; Aoki, Yuichi; Shirota, Matsuyuki; Koshiba, Seizo; Yamamoto, Masayuki; Kinoshita, Kengo (2018-01-04). "jMorp: Japanese Multi Omics Reference Panel". Nucleic Acids Research. 46 (D1): D551–D557. doi:10.1093/nar/gkx978. ISSN 1362-4962. PMC 5753289. PMID 29069501.
  14. Tadaka, Shu; Katsuoka, Fumiki; Ueki, Masao; Kojima, Kaname; Makino, Satoshi; Saito, Sakae; Otsuki, Akihito; Gocho, Chinatsu; Sakurai-Yageta, Mika; Danjoh, Inaho; Motoike, Ikuko N. (2019). "3.5KJPNv2: an allele frequency panel of 3552 Japanese individuals including the X chromosome". Human Genome Variation. 6: 28. doi:10.1038/s41439-019-0059-5. ISSN 2054-345X. PMC 6581902. PMID 31240104.
  15. Sakurai-Yageta, Mika; Kumada, Kazuki; Gocho, Chinatsu; Makino, Satoshi; Uruno, Akira; Tadaka, Shu; Motoike, Ikuko N.; Kimura, Masae; Ito, Shin; Otsuki, Akihito; Narita, Akira (2021-10-12). "Japonica Array NEO with increased genome-wide coverage and abundant disease risk SNPs". Journal of Biochemistry. 170 (3): 399–410. doi:10.1093/jb/mvab060. ISSN 1756-2651. PMC 8510329. PMID 34131746.
  16. "Genome information for 14,000 people is now available -jMorp 2021 major update-｜ToMMo". ToMMo ｜ Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (in Japanese). 2021-12-27. Retrieved 2022-07-01.
  17. Otsuki, Akihito; Okamura, Yasunobu; Ishida, Noriko; Tadaka, Shu; Takayama, Jun; Kumada, Kazuki; Kawashima, Junko; Taguchi, Keiko; Minegishi, Naoko; Kuriyama, Shinichi; Tamiya, Gen; Kinoshita, Kengo; Katsuoka, Fumiki; Yamamoto, Masayuki (2022-09-20). "Construction of a trio-based structural variation panel utilizing activated T lymphocytes and long-read sequencing technology". Communications Biology. 5 (1): 991. doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03953-1. ISSN 2399-3642. PMC 9489684. PMID 36127505.
  18. "Completion of 50,000 Japanese whole genome sequence analysis and release of whole genome reference panel of 38,000 Japanese individuals (38KJPN)｜ToMMo". ToMMo ｜ Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (in Japanese). 2022-07-19. Retrieved 2022-10-13.
  19. "jMorp". jmorp.megabank.tohoku.ac.jp. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
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