Tōkamachi

Tōkamachi (十日町市, Tōkamachi-shi) is a city located in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2019, the city had an estimated population of 28,728 in 19,823 households,[2] and a population density of 86.3 persons per km². The total area of the city was 590.39 square kilometres (227.95 sq mi), although some borders of the city are not well defined. Tōkamachi derives its name from the fact that a market was held every tenth day of the month. Similarly, the nearby former town of Muikamachi had its own local market held on days ending in six each month.[3]

Tōkamachi
十日町市
City
Gimyo Rice Terrace
Gimyo Rice Terrace
Flag of Tōkamachi
Flag
Official seal of Tōkamachi
Seal
Location of Tōkamachi in Niigata
Location of Tōkamachi in Niigata
Tōkamachi is located in Japan
Tōkamachi
Tōkamachi
 
Coordinates: 37°8′0″N 138°45′0″E
CountryJapan
RegionChūbu (Kōshin'etsu) (Hokuriku)
PrefectureNiigata
Government
 • MayorYoshifumi Sekiguchi[1]
Area
 • Total590.39 km2 (227.95 sq mi)
Population
 (July 1, 2019)
 • Total53,333
 • Density90/km2 (230/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+9 (Japan Standard Time)
Phone number025-757-3111
Address3-3　Chitose, Tokamachi-shi, Niigata-ken 948-8501
ClimateCfa
WebsiteOfficial website
Symbols
BirdSwan
FlowerLilium
TreeFagus crenata
Yellow: 5 areas/sections in Tōkamachi City (Tōkamachi, Kawanishi, Matsudai, Matsunoyama and Nakasato)
Koshirakura, Tōkamachi in winter

Geography

Tōkamachi is located in an inland region of southwest Niigata Prefecture. Parts of the city are within the borders of the Jōshin'etsu-kōgen National Park.

Surrounding municipalities

Climate

Tōkamachi has a Humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa) characterized by warm, wet summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall. The average annual temperature in Tōkamachi is 11.8 °C (53.2 °F). The average annual rainfall is 2,537.0 mm (99.88 in) with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 24.9 °C (76.8 °F), and lowest in January, at around −0.1 °C (31.8 °F).[4] Because Tōkamachi lies in a valley, wind patterns bring in clouds from both the Sea of Japan as well as the Pacific Ocean. The mountains surrounding the city (though not terribly high in altitude) act as any other mountains that affect rain and snow patterns providing a barrier for cloud patterns. This causes a great deal of the built up precipitation to drop on the city. The Tōkamachi area receives the most snow of any area on the main island of Honshu.

Climate data for Tōkamachi (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1978−present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 14.1
(57.4)		 16.8
(62.2)		 22.6
(72.7)		 30.4
(86.7)		 32.2
(90.0)		 34.3
(93.7)		 36.1
(97.0)		 37.0
(98.6)		 35.3
(95.5)		 32.4
(90.3)		 24.6
(76.3)		 20.5
(68.9)		 37.0
(98.6)
Average high °C (°F) 3.0
(37.4)		 3.9
(39.0)		 7.7
(45.9)		 15.3
(59.5)		 22.1
(71.8)		 25.3
(77.5)		 28.6
(83.5)		 30.2
(86.4)		 25.8
(78.4)		 19.7
(67.5)		 13.1
(55.6)		 6.2
(43.2)		 16.7
(62.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.1
(31.8)		 0.1
(32.2)		 2.8
(37.0)		 8.9
(48.0)		 15.9
(60.6)		 20.1
(68.2)		 23.8
(74.8)		 24.9
(76.8)		 20.7
(69.3)		 14.4
(57.9)		 8.1
(46.6)		 2.5
(36.5)		 11.8
(53.3)
Average low °C (°F) −2.9
(26.8)		 −3.3
(26.1)		 −1.3
(29.7)		 3.5
(38.3)		 10.3
(50.5)		 15.8
(60.4)		 20.1
(68.2)		 20.9
(69.6)		 16.7
(62.1)		 10.3
(50.5)		 4.0
(39.2)		 −0.4
(31.3)		 7.8
(46.1)
Record low °C (°F) −12.1
(10.2)		 −12.8
(9.0)		 −9.2
(15.4)		 −5.0
(23.0)		 1.3
(34.3)		 6.3
(43.3)		 13.0
(55.4)		 12.6
(54.7)		 6.2
(43.2)		 0.4
(32.7)		 −4.7
(23.5)		 −10.6
(12.9)		 −12.8
(9.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 392.4
(15.45)		 262.2
(10.32)		 177.7
(7.00)		 111.2
(4.38)		 100.5
(3.96)		 135.6
(5.34)		 220.9
(8.70)		 183.3
(7.22)		 168.7
(6.64)		 167.4
(6.59)		 233.7
(9.20)		 397.8
(15.66)		 2,537
(99.88)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 354
(139)		 263
(104)		 139
(55)		 25
(9.8)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 7
(2.8)		 193
(76)		 967
(381)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 25.0 21.1 19.6 13.8 11.6 12.4 15.1 12.3 13.7 14.9 18.3 22.9 200.7
Average snowy days (≥ 3 cm) 21.7 17.8 14.1 3.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 12.2 70.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours 45.7 66.6 109.9 169.1 205.8 158.1 148.6 191.9 137.8 130.1 100.9 62.9 1,527.5
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[5][4]

Demographics

Per Japanese census data,[6] the population of Tōkamachi has declined steadily over the past 50 years.

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1970 85,365—    
1980 78,791−7.7%
1990 70,938−10.0%
2000 65,033−8.3%
2010 58,911−9.4%
2020 49,820−15.4%

History

The area of present-day Tōkamachi was part of ancient Echigo Province, and was part of the tenryō territories held directly by then Tokugawa shogunate. Following the Meiji restoration, was the capital of the newly-formed Nakauonuma District of Niigata Prefecture, and was proclaimed a village on April 1, 1889 with the creation of the modern municipalities system. It was raised to town status on September 24, 1897. Tōkamachi gained city status on March 31, 1954, by merging with the neighbouring villages of Nakajō, Kawaji and Rokka. The village of Yoshida (from Nakauonuma District) was annexed on December 1, 1954 followed by the village of Shimojō (from Nakauonuma District) on February 1, 1955. On April 1, 1962 - Tōkamachi absorbed the village of Mizusawa (from Nakauonuma District). The Chūetsu earthquake of October 23, 2004 caused only minor damage to the city. On April 1, 2005 Tōkamachi absorbed the towns of Matsudai and Matsunoyama (both from Higashikubiki District); the town of Kawanishi, and the village of Nakasato (both from Nakauonuma District) to create the new and expanded city of Tōkamachi.

Government
Tokamachi City Hall

Tōkamachi has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature of 24 members.[7] The city contributes two members to the Niigata Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Niigata District No.6 of the lower house of the National Diet of Japan.

Economy

Sericulture and the production of silk is a traditional mainstay of the local economy. Agriculture, notably the production of Koshihikari rice is also very important.

Education

Tōkamachi has 18 public elementary schools and nine public middle schools operated by the city government and one private elementary and one private middle school. There are four public high schools operated by the Niigata Prefectural Board of Education. The prefectural also operates three special education schools.

Transportation

Railway

JR East - – Iiyama Line

Hokuetsu Express Hokuhoku Line

Highway

Sister cities

International
  • Italy Como, Italy, signed in 1975

Inside Japan

Notable people from Tōkamachi

Local attractions
  • Tōkamachi is home to the Tōkamachi Snow Festival, which takes place every February.
  • Tōkamachi also hosts the Echigo-Tsumari Art Triennial
  • Bijinbayashi
  • Kiyotsu Gorge
  • Rice Terraces (Hoshitoge, Gimyo, Gamo)
  • Matsunoyama Onsen
  • Tokamachi snow festival
    Tokamachi snow festival
  • Bijinbayashi
    Bijinbayashi
  • Kiyotsu Gorge
    Kiyotsu Gorge
  • Hoshitoge Rice Terrace
    Hoshitoge Rice Terrace
  • Kinare, an Echigo-Tsumari Art Triennial site, late March
    Kinare, an Echigo-Tsumari Art Triennial site, late March
  • Matsunoyama Onsen
    Matsunoyama Onsen

References
  1. 市長プロフィール [Mayor's profile] (in Japanese). City of Tokamachi. Retrieved 2014-03-25.
  2. http://www.city.tokamachi.lg.jp Tōkamachi city official statistics](in Japanese)
  3. 市長への便り（平成25年7月） [Mayor answers questions related to name of city] (in Japanese). City of Tokamachi. Archived from the original on 2014-03-25. Retrieved 2014-03-25.
  4. 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. JMA. Retrieved March 24, 2022.
  5. 観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）. JMA. Retrieved March 24, 2022.
  6. Tōkamachi population statistics
  7. Tōkamachi city council official home page(in Japanese)
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