Tomb of Li Dan

According to the epitaph, Lĭ Dàn was a "Brahmin" (Chinese: 婆罗门 Póluómén).[1] He descended from an honourable family, and his grandfather had once been a tribal leader. Between 520 and 525 CE, he and his family migrated from Jibin (area of Gandhara in northwestern India) to China, and received the favours of Emperor Taizu (507–556 CE).[1] Lĭ Dàn died at the age of 59 in his home in Xi'an, in 564 CE. He received posthumously the title of "Prefect of the Hán Prefecture" ("邯州刺史") from the Emperor. His son Panti (槃提) wrote the epitaph.[1]

The epitaph reads:

Epitaph of Li Dan

"Epitaph of Li Dan, also named Li Tuosuo, deceased Prefect of the Province of Han, who lived in Pingji, Zhao country, descendant of Bo Yang. His grandfather was Feng He, a tribal ruler, who worked hard and maintained the standing of his lineage. The deceased was a honorable man, who traveled from Jibin to the Imperial court during the Zhengguang era (520–525 CE). Because he was a Brahmin, Emperor Taizong offered him plenty of gifts and rewards. The deceased died at the age of 59, on April 9th, in the 4th year of the Baoding era (564 CE), year of the Wood Monkey, at his home in Wanjili. The Emperor gave him the title of "Prefect of the Province of Han", and he was buried in the leap month of that same year in Zhonxiangli. His elder son Panti, fearing cataclisms, and afraid the name of his father might be forgotten, reverently wrote this inscription on a black stone, so that his story can be transmitted unblemished."

— Epitaph of Li Dan, written by his son Panti in 564 CE.[2]

The tomb was a single arc-square brick chambered tomb, with a long sloping passage and tunnel, reflective of traditional Chinese tombs of the Northern Zhou period.[1] Enclosed by a brick wall, it had a stone gateway, behind which the stone coffin was placed. The coffin contained two skeletons, of a man and a woman, wrapped in three layers of textiles, accompanied by a Byzantine gold coin Justinian I, (527-565 CE) inside the mouth of the woman.[1][3] Traces of pigments suggest that the inside walls of the tomb were originally painted.[1]

The coffin is decorated with fine incised carvings representing traditional Chinese cosmology. The motifs also included two haloed guards in non-Chinese style, and a fire altar, which could be Zoroastrian.[1]

Xi'an, location of the tomb of Lidan (red dot).[4]

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  Epitaph from the tomb of Li Dan.
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  Type of the gold coin of Justinian I discovered in the tomb.[5]
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  Decorated back panel: the traditional tortoise Xuanwu, with a haloed deity holding a sword.[6]
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  Side panel decorated with a white dragon.

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  Sarcophagus of Li He, a Northern Zhou general, of similar design (李和墓, 505—582).[7]
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  Sarcophagus of Emperor Xuanwu (483-515 CE).

• Sogdian tombs in China