Tor sinensis
Tor sinensis, the Chinese or Red mahseer is a species of mahseer native to the Mekong River.[1][2] It is known with certainty only from Yunnan, China; reports from Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand require confirmation.[1]
It is one of four currently valid species described from China, the others being Tor laterivittatus (dark-striped mahseer), Tor polylepis (multi-scaled mahseer), and Tor yingjiangensis (Yingjiang mahseer).
| Tor sinensis | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Genus: | Tor |
| Species: | T. sinensis |
| Binomial name | |
| Tor sinensis H. W. Wu, 1977 | |
Description
Tor sinensis grows to 46.5 cm (18.3 in) in standard length. Juveniles are silvery, but adults and subadults have a deep, dark midlateral stripe. The body is darkish above and brownish beneath. Pectoral, pelvic, and caudal fins are deep red.[2]
Maurice Kottelat is among those who claim that insufficient work has been done on establishing specimens from confirmed species populations when identifying mahseer species.[3] This is common across the species of Southeast Asia in particular, and includes claimed distinctions between Tor sinensis and Tor laterivattatus.
Huang et al. claim to have determined the complete mitochondrial genome of Tor sinensis,[4] which, if the species identification is correct, will be a useful tool in establishing identities of the mahseers of this region.
Habitat and ecology
Tor sinensis is found in larger streams and rivers in clear gravel and cobble beds. They are migratory and omnivorous, feeding on plant material (including fruits), fish, crustaceans, and other invertebrates.[1]
Conservation
This species is currently assigned as Vulnerable by the IUCN. As with many other species of mahseer, a major constraining factor in any conservation strategy is the relative lack of understanding of the distribution and ecology of the species and how or if it interacts with other local mahseer species within the same habitat. With other mahseer species, the main threats are: loss of habitat due to urbanisation, encroachment on flood plains, dam building, sand extraction and pollution. Destructive fishing methods like dynamite, poisoning and electricity are in common use throughout Southeast Asia, and may be expected to be a major threat to the sustainability of populations. It is reported [5] that the fragmentation of the various populations within the wider Mekong River basin is a threat to genetic variability. This will have long term implications for conservation, due to the threat of inbreeding.
Uses
Tor sinensis is caught in local subsistence fisheries.[1]
References
- Vidthayanon, C.; Pinder, A. (2018). "Tor sinensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T187891A126322879. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T187891A126322879.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2014). "Tor sinensis" in FishBase. November 2014 version.
- Maurice Kottelat (January 2000). "Notes on taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of some fishes of Laos" (PDF). Researchgate.net. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
- Huang, Fujiang; Liu, Mingdian; Ye, Chao; Liu, Shaoping (2015). "The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Tor sinensis(Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae)". Mitochondrial DNA. 26 (5): 712–713. doi:10.3109/19401736.2013.843087. PMID 24328821. S2CID 207620244.
- Pinder, Adrian C.; Britton, J. Robert; Harrison, Andrew J.; Nautiyal, Prakash; Bower, Shannon D.; Cooke, Steven J.; Lockett, Steve; Everard, Mark; Katwate, Unmesh; Ranjeet, K.; Walton, Sam; Danylchuk, Andy J.; Dahanukar, Neelesh; Raghavan, Rajeev (2019). "Mahseer (Tor SPP.) fishes of the world: Status, challenges and opportunities for conservation". Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries. 29 (2): 417–452. doi:10.1007/s11160-019-09566-y.