Torus action

In algebraic geometry, a torus action on an algebraic variety is a group action of an algebraic torus on the variety. A variety equipped with an action of a torus T is called a T-variety. In differential geometry, one considers an action of a real or complex torus on a manifold (or an orbifold).

A normal algebraic variety with a torus acting on it in such a way that there is a dense orbit is called a toric variety (for example, orbit closures that are normal are toric varieties).

Linear action of a torus

A linear action of a torus can be simultaneously diagonalized, after extending the base field if necessary: if a torus T is acting on a finite-dimensional vector space V, then there is a direct sum decomposition:

where

  • is a group homomorphism, a character of T.
  • , T-invariant subspace called the weight subspace of weight .

The decomposition exists because the linear action determines (and is determined by) a linear representation and then consists of commuting diagonalizable linear transformations, upon extending the base field.

If V does not have finite dimension, the existence of such a decomposition is tricky but one easy case when decomposition is possible is when V is a union of finite-dimensional representations ( is called rational; see below for an example). Alternatively, one uses functional analysis; for example, uses a Hilbert-space direct sum.

Example: Let be a polynomial ring over an infinite field k. Let act on it as algebra automorphisms by: for

where

= integers.

Then each is a T-weight vector and so a monomial is a T-weight vector of weight . Hence,

Note if for all i, then this is the usual decomposition of the polynomial ring into homogeneous components.

Białynicki-Birula decomposition

The Białynicki-Birula decomposition says that a smooth algebraic T-variety admits a T-stable cellular decomposition.

It is often described as algebraic Morse theory.[1]

See also

References

  • Altmann, Klaus; Ilten, Nathan Owen; Petersen, Lars; Süß, Hendrik; Vollmert, Robert (2012-08-15). The Geometry of T-Varieties. arXiv:1102.5760. doi:10.4171/114. ISBN 978-3-03719-114-9.
  • A. Bialynicki-Birula, "Some Theorems on Actions of Algebraic Groups," Annals of Mathematics, Second Series, Vol. 98, No. 3 (Nov., 1973), pp. 480–497
  • M. Brion, C. Procesi, Action d'un tore dans une variété projective, in Operator algebras, unitary representations, and invariant theory (Paris 1989), Prog. in Math. 92 (1990), 509–539.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.