Trickle charging

Trickle charging means charging a fully charged battery at a rate equal to its self-discharge rate, thus enabling the battery to remain at its fully charged level; this state occurs almost exclusively when the battery is not loaded, as trickle charging will not keep a battery charged if current is being drawn by a load.[1][2] A battery under continuous float voltage charging is said to be float-charging.[3]

For lead-acid batteries under no load float charging (such as in SLI batteries), trickle charging happens naturally at the end-of-charge, when the lead-acid battery internal resistance to the charging current increases enough to reduce additional charging current to a trickle, hence the name. In such cases, the trickle charging equals the energy expended by the lead-acid battery splitting the water in the electrolyte into hydrogen and oxygen gases.[4]

Other battery chemistries, such as lithium-ion battery technology, cannot be safely trickle charged. In that case, supervisory circuits (sometimes called battery management system) adjust electrical conditions during charging to match the requirements of the battery chemistry. For Li-ion batteries generally, and for some variants especially, failure to accommodate the limitations of the chemistry and electro-chemistry of a cell, with regard to trickle charging after reaching a fully charged state, can lead to overheating and, possibly to fire or explosion.[5][6]

References
  1. General Electric Company; General Electric Company. Publicity Dept (1934). General Electric review. General Electric Co. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
  2. George Wood Vinal (December 1955). Storage batteries: a general treatise on the physics and chemistry of secondary batteries and their engineering applications. Wiley. ISBN 9780471908166. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
  3. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. (28 August 1989). InfoWorld. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. p. 29. ISSN 0199-6649. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
  4. David Anthony James Rand (24 February 2004). Valve-regulated lead-acid batteries. Elsevier. p. 258. ISBN 978-0-444-50746-4. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
  5. Thomas Roy Crompton (11 May 2000). Battery reference book. Newnes. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-7506-4625-3. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
  6. Henk Jan Bergveld; Wanda S. Kruijt; Peter H. L. Notten (1 November 2002). Battery management systems: design by modelling. Springer. p. 171. ISBN 978-1-4020-0832-0. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
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