Tripneustes depressus

Tripneustes depressus, the white sea urchin[2] or sea egg,[3] is a species of sea urchin in the family Toxopneustidae. It is found on the seabed in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean including Mexico, Panama, Ecuador and the Galápagos Islands.

Tripneustes depressus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Echinoidea
Order: Camarodonta
Family: Toxopneustidae
Genus: Tripneustes
Species:
T. depressus
Binomial name
Tripneustes depressus
Synonyms[1]

Description

Tripneustes depressus is the largest sea urchin species in the Galápagos Islands with a mean diameter of 11.5 cm (4.5 in). The growth rate averages 0.5 mm (0.02 in) per month.[4] There is very little difference in morphology between T. depressus, Tripneustes gratilla and Tripneustes ventricosus; they are suspected of being the same species and genetic analysis strengthens this argument. T. ventricosus is found in the Caribbean and may have been separated from T. depressus by the closing of the land bridge between North and South America. T. gratilla has a wide range in the tropical Indo-Pacific, from East Africa to Hawaii.[5]

Distribution

Tripneustes depressus is found in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, occurring in Mexico, on the western coast of Central America, in Panama, in Ecuador and around the Galápagos Islands.[3] It is found intertidally and subtidally. There is a great variation in its abundance around the Galápagos, and overall it seems to be ten times as common in 2012 as it was four decades earlier.[6]

Ecology

The diet of T. depressus consists largely of algae and possibly also fragments of seagrass. Red filamentous algae is the main dietary constituent but pieces of sponge and other invertebrates have been found among its stomach contents.[5] It may in fact be a generalist feeder rather than a herbivore, as in time of food scarcity, it sometimes turns cannibalistic.[6]

Research

It has been shown that the coelomic fluid in the body cavity of T. depressus contains peptides that act as antivirals against the pseudorabies virus (SuHV1) and the rabies virus (RV), despite the fact that neither of these viruses affect sea urchins; molecules from this species may be the basis for new drugs in the future.[7]

References
  1. Kroh, Andreas (2018). "Tripneustes depressus A. Agassiz, 1863". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
  2. "Details for: White Sea Urchin". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 15 July 2013.
  3. "Sea Egg (Tripneustes depressus)". iNaturalist. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
  4. Alvarado, Juan José; Solis-Marin, Francisco Alonso (2012). Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 204–205. ISBN 978-3-642-20051-9.
  5. Lawrence, John M.; Agatsuma, Yukio (2007). "Chapter 24: Ecology of Tripneustes". Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science. 37: 499–520. doi:10.1016/S0167-9309(07)80088-3. ISBN 9780444529404.
  6. Alvarado, Juan José; Solis-Marin, Francisco Alonso (2012). Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 195. ISBN 978-3-642-20051-9.
  7. Salas-Rojas. M.; Galvez-Romero, G.; Anton-Palma, B.; Acevedo, R.; Blanco-Favela, F.; Aguilar-Setién, A. (2014). "The coelomic fluid of the sea urchin Tripneustes depressus shows antiviral activity against Suid herpesvirus type 1 (SHV-1) and rabies virus (RV)". Fish and Shellfish Immunology. 36 (1): 158–163. doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2013.10.025. PMID 24188747.
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