Alphen aan den Rijn shopping mall shooting

On 9 April 2011, six people were killed by a gunman who entered the Ridderhof mall in Alphen aan den Rijn, Netherlands,[8] a town approximately 33 kilometres (21 mi) south-west of Amsterdam.[9] Using a rifle, 24-year-old Tristan van der Vlis shot several people and then killed himself, reportedly with a different firearm.[10] There were seven deaths, including the killer, and 17 wounded,[7] making it the deadliest attack in the Netherlands since the 2009 attack on the Dutch royal family.[11]

Alphen aan den Rijn shopping mall shooting
The location of Alphen aan den Rijn in the Netherlands
LocationAlphen aan den Rijn, Netherlands[1]
Coordinates52°08′42″N 4°40′28″E
Date9 April 2011[1]
12:08
TargetRidderhof Mall
Attack type
Mass shooting, mass murder, massacre, murder–suicide
Weapons
Deaths7 (including the perpetrator)[4][5]
Injured17[6]
PerpetratorTristan van der Vlis[7]

Shooting

Van der Vlis, wearing a bulletproof vest and armed with a semi-automatic Smith & Wesson M&P15-22, a stainless steel Colt M1911 .45-caliber pistol, and a Taurus Raging Bull .44 Magnum revolver,[2] first got out of his car and shot a person outside, then entered the Ridderhof mall and fired more than 100 rounds,[12] killing six people and injuring another 17 before he took a pistol, and took his own life. Many shoppers in the centre panicked before it was evacuated and cordoned off.[1] Later that day one of the injured victims died from their injuries, raising the total number of deceased to seven.[13] The gunman had left a note in his car stating that explosives had been left in three malls in the city; these malls were subsequently evacuated.[14] Children were among the victims, but they had had only mild injuries.[15] Among the dead were three males aged 80, 49 and 42, and three females aged 91, 68 and 45.[15] The first victim was a poet and journalist from Syria who had escaped an assassination attempt, only to be killed by Van der Vlis after fleeing from his home country to the Netherlands. This was a random killing, as Van der Vlis shot at his victims indiscriminately.

Perpetrator
Tristan van der Vlis

The shooter was 24-year-old Tristan van der Vlis who lived in an apartment complex in Alphen aan den Rijn with his parents.[16] He had lived in Alphen since his childhood.[17] According to the police, he was a member of a shooting association and possessed three firearms.[18] He had a history of psychological and psychiatric problems, including paranoid schizophrenia; in 2006 he spent 10 days in a closed institution after attempting suicide.[19] He wanted to punish God by murdering "his creatures".[20]

Van der Vlis was obsessed with the 1999 Columbine High School massacre and chose the date of 9 April because it was the birthday of gunman Eric Harris, his 30th birthday had he survived. Van der Vlis started shooting at 12:08 pm because that was the time when Harris committed suicide.[21]

Van der Vlis was the grandson of Hennaarderadeel and Franeker mayor Kornelis van der Vlis, who was a member of the National Socialist Movement during World War II. He was also the nephew of former Dutch General Arie van der Vlis, who also served as the Chief of the Defence Staff from 1992 to 1994.[22]

Casualties
  • Ali van Doorn (91)
  • Frans Deutekom (80)
  • Margriet ter Haar (68)
  • Michael Boezaard (49)
  • Constanze Boezaard-Bierman (45)
  • Nadim Youssef (42)[23]

Response
Prime Minister Rutte gives a speech at the remembrance ceremony on 10 April 2011
PM Mark Rutte at the Ridderhof memorial on 20 April 2011

The Netherlands Government Information Service, through a brief statement on Twitter, said Queen Beatrix was "speechless because of the great loss and sadness;"[24] and politicians such as Minister of Security and Justice Ivo Opstelten expressed feelings of shock and tragedy.[1][10]

Several thousand people attended a memorial service at the mall on 10 April. Prime Minister Mark Rutte, Minister Opstelten and acting Mayor of Alphen aan den Rijn Bas Eenhoorn were also present.[25]

Copycat threats

Shortly after the shooting, police arrested a 17-year-old boy who threatened to carry out another mass shooting. The teenager from Rotterdam posted on Twitter:

Haha Iraq is also coming to the Netherlands. This man in Alphen already has 6 kills on his name. I'm going to outdo him.

After a backlash, the boy deleted the post and claimed it was a joke.[26] Since then, four other people were arrested for making similar threats on Twitter.[27]

Aftermath

On 20 September 2019, the Supreme Court of the Netherlands (Hoge Raad) concluded that the police of Alphen aan den Rijn was at fault for distributing a firearms license to the perpetrator who obviously had a mental illness. Therefore, the police were held accountable for all damages suffered by the victims and their relatives.[28] After the shooting the police in the Netherlands had a surge of revoked licences and currently maintain a stricter enforcement of law regarding the possession of firearms.[29]

See also

References
  1. "Six People Killed in Netherlands Shooting". Sky News Online. 9 April 2011. Archived from the original on 12 April 2011. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
  2. (in Dutch) Geen volautomatisch wapen in Alphen, RTL Nieuws (13 April 2011)
  3. De wapens van Tristan van der Vlis Archived 16 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine, De Telegraaf (14 April 2011)
  4. "Dodental Alphen blijft op zeven". nu.nl (in Dutch). 11 April 2011. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
  5. "Bloedbad in winkelcentrum Alphen". RTL Nieuws (in Dutch). 9 April 2011. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
  6. Nine Injured in Shootout Still in Hospital Archived 30 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine, NIS News (12 April 2011)
  7. "Schietpartij Alphen eist zevende leven". NOS nieuws (in Dutch). 9 April 2011. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
  8. "Netherlands shooting 'kills six'". BBC News. 9 April 2011. Archived from the original on 10 April 2011. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
  9. "Seven killed in Dutch shooting". Press Association. 9 April 2011. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
  10. "Schietpartij Alphen a/d Rijn, een overzicht". NOS nieuws (in Dutch). 9 April 2011. Archived from the original on 11 April 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2011.
  11. Sekularac, Ivana (10 April 2011). "Dutch town in shock after shooting rampage". Reuters.
  12. "Dutch mall shooter fired more than 100 times", Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 11 April 2011
  13. "Schietpartij Ridderhof". Municipality Alphen aan den Rijn (in Dutch). 9 April 2011. Archived from the original on 11 April 2011. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
  14. "Dader liet briefje achter; 3 winkelcentra ontruimd". Algemeen Dagblad (in Dutch). 9 April 2011. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
  15. "Geen minderjarigen onder doden Alphen". NOS nieuws (in Dutch). 10 April 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2011.
  16. "Bezoek burgemeester Bas Eenhoorn aan ouders van Tristan". alphenaandenrijn.nl (in Dutch). 14 April 2011. Archived from the original on 24 April 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
  17. "Schutter Alphen is 24-jarige Tristan van der Vlis". Alphen.cc (in Dutch). 9 April 2011. Archived from the original on 12 April 2011. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
  18. "Moeder vond afscheidsbrief in flat". NOS (in Dutch). 9 April 2011. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
  19. "Schutter was al eerder suïcidaal". NOS nieuws (in Dutch). 10 April 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2011.
  20. Tristan wilde God straffen door zijn schepselen te vermoorden, Trouw (in Dutch)
  21. Reconstructie van een drama: wat dreef Tristan tot zes moorden in winkelcentrum Ridderhof?, Carla van der Wal and Marco Gerling, Algemeen Dagblad, 3 April 2021 (in Dutch)
  22. Verburg, Martijn (11 April 2011). "Bekende oud-generaal is oom van schutter Tristan" [Well-known former general is uncle of gunman Tristan]. Algemeen Dagblad. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  23. Tien jaar na De Ridderhof: wat schreven we destijds over de dodelijke slachtoffers?, Leidsch Dagblad, 5 April 2021
  24. "Dutch Royal family tweet". Retrieved 9 April 2011.
  25. "Herdenking slachtoffers Alphen a/d Rijn". NOS nieuws (in Dutch). 10 April 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2011.
  26. BNO News (10 April 2011). "Dutch police arrest teen for threatening mass shooting on Twitter". wireupdate.com. Archived from the original on 13 April 2011. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
  27. "Vijf twitteraars opgepakt na schietpartij Alphen" (in Dutch). Elsevier. 11 April 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
  28. Floor Bouma (20 September 2019). "Hoge Raad: politie aansprakelijk voor schade schietpartij Alphen a/d Rijn" (in Dutch).
  29. Gerard Meijer (28 September 2019). "Politie weigert vaker wapenvergunningen na schietdrama in Alphen aan den Rijn" (in Dutch).
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