2009–10 South Pacific cyclone season

Category 2 tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
Duration	December 3 – December 15
Peak intensity	110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min); 975 hPa (mbar)

Late on December 3, RSMC Nadi reported that Tropical Disturbance 01F had developed out of a weak area of low pressure to the northeast of Fiji. Over the next few days the disturbance gradually developed before RSMC Nadi reported that it had intensified into a tropical depression late on December 11. During the next day the system intensified further with the JTWC starting to issue warnings declaring it as Tropical Cyclone 04P. Later that day RSMC Nadi reported that Mick had intensified into a category one tropical cyclone and named it as Mick, while it was located about 225 km, (140 mi) to the west of Rotuma. During the next day Tropical Cyclone Mick accelerated towards the southeast while gradually intensifying further, before during December 14, as Mick approached the Fijian island of Viti Levu, the cyclone developed an eye. RSMC Nadi then declared that Mick had peaked with 10 minute windspeeds of 110 km/h, (65 mph) while the JTWC reported that it had peaked with 1 minute winds of 130 km/h, (80 mph). Later that day, Mick made landfall on Viti Levu to the northeast of Nadi. As a result of land interaction, Tropical Cyclone Mick rapidly weakened and became an extratropical depression early the next day. The extratropical remnants of Tropical Cyclone Mick were tracked by RSMC Nadi and TCWC Wellington for another 2 days before they dissipated early on December 18 Just inside TCWC Wellington's area of responsibility.

At least 6 fatalities have been attributed to Mick.[7]

Tropical depression (Australian scale)
Duration	January 7 – January 10
Peak intensity	65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min); 1002 hPa (mbar)

Early on January 7, RSMC Nadi reported that an extratropical depression had formed about 770 km (480 mi), to the southwest of Papeete in French Polynesia and assigned it the designation of 03F.[8] The depression dissipated on January 10.

Tropical depression (Australian scale)
Duration	January 18 – January 20(crossed 160°E)
Peak intensity	Winds not specified; 1002 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Disturbance 04F formed on January 18 and strengthened to a Tropical Depression as it moved south-west through the Solomon Islands. On January 20 it crossed the 160°E meridian into the Australian Basin, where it developed into Tropical Cyclone Olga.

Tropical depression (Australian scale)
Duration	January 23 – January 28
Peak intensity	Winds not specified; 998 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 05F formed on January 23 near 11S 179E, about 200 miles (320 km) south of Funafuti, Tuvalu. It dissipated on January 28.

Category 1 tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	January 27 – January 31
Peak intensity	75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min); 990 hPa (mbar)

RSMC Nadi announced the formation of Tropical Depression 06F on January 27 near 14S 172W. This was only about 320 miles (510 km) NE of the position then being given for 05F and these may have developed from the same system.

Category 4 severe tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
Duration	January 29 – February 8
Peak intensity	185 km/h (115 mph) (10-min); 925 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Disturbance 07F formed on January 29 near 12S 177E. It was upgraded to a depression late on the 30th. On February 1, the JTWC designated 07F as 12P, and the RSMC upgraded it to Tropical Cyclone Oli. On February 3 it strengthened to become the first Severe Tropical Cyclone since Gene in early 2008.

At least one person was killed by large swells produced by the storm in French Polynesia.[9]

Tropical depression (Australian scale)
Duration	February 1 – February 4
Peak intensity	55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 997 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 08F formed on February 2 near 15S 145W, just south of the King George Islands. However it dissipated on February 4.

Category 3 severe tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Category 2 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
Duration	February 6 – February 11
Peak intensity	140 km/h (85 mph) (10-min); 960 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 09F formed on February 6 near 8ºS 166ºW, about 375 miles (604 km) east of Tokelau. On the 7th, the JTWC designated it as Tropical Cyclone 14P, and on the 8th RSMC upgraded it to become Tropical Cyclone Pat. By the 10th it reached Severe Tropical Cyclone strength as it moved towards the southern Cook Islands, and a hurricane warning was then issued for Aitutaki and its neighbours.[10] The eye of the cyclone was reported to have passed right over Aitutaki, with continuous winds estimated locally at 100 knots for 4 hours.[11] There was extensive damage to housing and a hospital, and the Cook Island government declared a State of Disaster.[12]

Category 3 severe tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Category 3 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
Duration	February 9 – February 17
Peak intensity	155 km/h (100 mph) (10-min); 945 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 10F formed on February 9 near 13S 172W, in the vicinity of Samoa. Late on February 11, RSMC Nadi upgraded the storm to a category 1 cyclone and named it Rene.[13] It continued to strengthen as it moved south of American Samoa, and reached Category 4 on February 14. In American Samoa roads were damaged by landslides caused by the cyclone's heavy rain, and substantial damage was caused to crops.[14] It had weakened to category 3 when it passed through the Vava'u island group of Tonga, and on February 15 the eye was reported to have passed over the Tongan capital Nuku'alofa.[15] The main island of Tongatapu was left without power and water.[16]

Category 1 tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	February 17 – March 3
Peak intensity	65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min); 995 hPa (mbar)

On February 17, RSMC Nadi commenced reporting on an unnumbered tropical disturbance located near 8.6ºS 162.0ºW, about 120 miles (190 km) north-northwest of Rakahanga in the Cook Islands. RSMC Nadi reported that the disturbance was moving west while the JTWC reported that the disturbance was moving east. Eventually, they both agreed on which direction it was moving and RSMC Nadi upgraded the disturbance to Tropical Depression 11F. It soon weakened, but remained identifiable until February 22 when it was again classified as a Tropical Depression. On February 26 it was at last upgraded to Tropical Cyclone Sarah and Tropical Storm by JTWC, being then about 90 miles (140 km) north of Palmerston Island.

Category 5 severe tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Category 5 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
Duration	March 9 – March 14 (Exited basin)
Peak intensity	215 km/h (130 mph) (10-min); 915 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Disturbance 13F formed on March 9 at 12.0ºS 167.0ºE, about 80 miles (130 km) north of Hiw Island, Vanuatu. The next day it was classified as a Tropical Depression. On March 12, 13F was upgraded to Tropical Cyclone Ului. By early on the 13th, it was a category 2 cyclone. Later that day, Ului strengthened into a category 3, making it a severe tropical cyclone. The storm continued to strengthen throughout the day and that night it became a category 5. Ului became the first category 5 South Pacific cyclone since Severe Tropical Cyclone Percy in February 2005. On March 14, Ului exited the Pacific Region and entered the Australian Region.

Category 4 severe tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
Duration	March 10 – March 17
Peak intensity	185 km/h (115 mph) (10-min); 925 hPa (mbar)

Shortly after the first advisory on Tropical Disturbance 13F was issued on March 9, the FMS began monitoring a new disturbance, designated 14F, further east.[17] The following day, deep convection began to develop around the disturbance's low-level circulation, prompting the JTWC to begin monitoring it for possible cyclonic development.[18] Later on March 10, the FMS upgraded the system to a tropical depression as it continued to become better organized.[19] Located within an environment characterized by low wind shear, further intensification was anticipated as convection continued to develop over the expanding system.[20] Around 1500 UTC on March 11, the JTWC issued their first advisory on the cyclone, classifying it as Tropical Storm 19P.[21] Several hours later, the FMS upgraded the system to a Category 1 cyclone and gave it the name Tomas. Rapid intensification was expected to take place over the following 48 hours as sea surface temperatures ahead of the storm averaged 30 °C (86 °F), well-above the threshold for tropical cyclone development.[22] Throughout the day on March 12, Tomas steadily intensified,[23] and early the next day, the JTWC upgraded the storm to a Category 1 equivalent hurricane with winds of 120 km/h (75 mph).[24]

Convective banding substantially increased on March 13, allowing Tomas to become the fourth severe tropical cyclone of the season early the next morning.[25] Around the same time, the JTWC assessed the storm to have attained winds of 155 km/h (95 mph), ranking it as a Category 2 cyclone.[24] By the afternoon of March 14, Tomas had developed a banding-eye feature surrounded by deep convection. At this point, the FMS assessed the storm to have winds of 150 km/h (95 mph) and a pressure of 950 hPa (mbar).[26] The JTWC also noted further intensification, upgrading Tomas to a Category 3 equivalent storm.[24] Tomas intensified on the night of March 14 and became a Category 4 severe tropical cyclone(according to the Fiji Meteorological Service) with winds up to 170 km/h and gusts up to 215 km/h blowing roofs off some houses and damaging buildings around the eastern side of Vanua Levu.

Throughout Fiji, Cyclone Tomas wrought widespread damage, killing two people and leaving $83.4 million in losses.[27] One person was killed on Vanua Levu after being swept out to sea by large swells while trying to rescue her two sisters, a niece and a nephew near Namilamila Bay.[28]

Tropical depression (Australian scale)
Duration	March 30 – April 5
Peak intensity	55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 999 hPa (mbar)

During March 30, RSMC Nadi reported that a depression had developed, along a trough of low pressure about 450 km (280 mi) to the southeast of Port Vila, Vanuatu.[29][30] During that day the system moved southeastwards before it was designated as Tropical Depression 15F during the next day.[31]

The following weak tropical disturbances and depressions were also monitored by RSMC Nadi, however these systems were either short lived or did not develop significantly. During December 6, Tropical Disturbance 02F developed within a trough of low pressure about 1000 km (620 mi), to the north of Suva, Fiji.[32] Over the next few days, the disturbance moved towards the southeast and remained weak, before it was last noted on December 11 as 01F developed into a tropical depression. Depression 03F, developed on January 7, about 770 km (480 mi) to the southwest of Papeete on the French Polynesian island of Tahiti.